Obligate Intracellular

Disease Pathogen life cycle Gram - Gram +

Chlamydia trachomatis,
chlamydopila Yes, but lacks
pneumoniae, peptidoglycan
chlamydophila pstittaci s (no sig
(taxonomy based on 16s acitvity of cell
Chlamydiacea FRNA sequence) Yes wall)

C. trachomatis

62% amino acid

homology wit C.
trachomatis. Similar life
Chlamydophila cycle but diff. cell wall
pneumoniae construction.
Zoonosis, psittacine birds
Chlamydophila (parrots, parakeets,
psittaci cockatoos)
 Rickettsia & Orientia
(escape from
phagosome), Coxiella
(survival in
phagolysosome),
anaplasma (inhibition of
Rickettsiae phagolysosome fusion) Yes Yup

the life cyce:

infected adult tick-
>infected eggs->
blood meal of small,
wild rodent-
>infected nymph-
Rocky Mountain >blood meal of
Spotted Fever small wild rodent-
(RMSF); look at >infected adult tick
life cycline in Infects vascular blood of human
notes endothelial cells host->RM fever

Epidemic Typhus Rickettsia prowaxekii

gram neg
pleomorphic
Q Fever Coxiella burnetii Yes coccobacillus
Emerging infectious
Anaplasmosis disease: monocytic,
(canine: granulocytic, similar to
Ehrlichiosis) RMSF without rash
 Smallest bacteria, small
Mycoplasma & genomes (limited
Ureaplasma (M. metabolic capabilities,
pneumoniae, M. require sterol for
hominis, M. growth), lack a rigid cell
genitalium, U. wall. common human
urealyticum) pathogen. No, Free living

Mycoplasma
pneumoniae

M. hominis, M.
genitalium, U.
urealyticum
 Clinical Presentation Clinical presentation
Transmission Serovars (children) (Adult)
D thru K (urogenital
epi, use trp B gene
to form tryptophan
from indole), L
(invasive, inguinal
lymph nodes, A-B-C
(conjunctiva, cannot
metabolize indole). Urogenital infections
EB (infectious Note: We have (urethritis, cervicitis,
form), reticulate indoleamine 2,3 PID, LGV), neonatal
body (metabolic dioxygenase that conjunctivis &
form). 48-72 inhibit chlamydial pneumonia,
hour cycle growth by depleting trachoma, adult
replication. tryptophan inclusion conjunctivis.

Sequelae: PID--
>tubal infertility-->
ectopic pregnancy-->
reactive arthritis
(Reiter's syn
associated with HLA
Neonatal inclusion B-27) Note: sequelae
conjunctivitis (20- (1%) occurs because
45% of infants born unaware of infection.
to infected mothers) Despite immune
and infantile response, can get
pneumonia (10-20% reinfection 6 mo after
of infants born to (75% of developing
infected mothers) sequelae)

pharyngitis,
bronchitis, pneumonia
(atypical
pneumonia---
>interstitial infiltrates,
non productive
cough), ottitis media,
endocarditis. (Maybe,
atherosclerosis,
asthma,MS, or
Alzheimer's)

Severe pneumonia,
endocarditis
Infect Vascular
endothelial cells,
other cells.
Athropod vector
transmission
Ixodid tick
transmission
(Dermacentor
variabilis
(American dog
tick).
Dermacentor
andersoni (rocky
mountain wood
tick). 2-14 days
after a tick bite,
the warm blood
causes microbes
to be activated
and released
from tick salivary
glands, spreads Skin Rash
in blood and (extremities, macular
lymphatic sys., to petechial), Fever,
resides in chils headache &
endothelial cells myalgias. High
of body, mortality if untreated
symptoms not (GI symp, resp.
passed to other failure, encephalitis,
humans and renal failure)
in unsanitary
conditions and
crowding, spread
by human louse. intense fever,
Infects headache, rash,
endothelial cells. axillary folds, trunk
Cattle, Sheep,
goats (zoonosis),
transmission
from aerosols, Acute (fever,
infected milk, "atypical"
hides, dust, pneumonia). Chronic
excreta, products (endocarditis,
of conception granulomatous
(placenta) hepatitis)
 Atypical pneumonia
(walking pneumonia:
mycoplasma is the
most common cause),
tracheobronchitis,
pharyngitis, bullous
myringitis (typmanic
membrane), insidious
onset, post-infection
autoimmune
cause of non- hemolytic anemia
gonococcal urethritis.
M hominis:
Pyelonephritis, pelvic
located from inflammatory
genital tracks of disease, pospartum
men and women fever.
Eyes Diagnosis Treatment Epidemiology Miscellaneous

Culture requires cell

culture techniques. Untreated
Serology STIs can
(microimmunofluoresc develop into
ence aka MIF is gold pelvic
standard because you inflammatory
view whole EBS, EIA, disease
LPS (species) vs. (PID), ectopic
Trachoma. Blinding MOMP (strain Urogenital pregnancy
conjunctival infection. specific)). Antigen Infections and tubal
500 million cases. (DFA-direct (cervicitis, infertility in
Chronic inflammation fluorescent AB). urethritis, PID, females. In
over years. Endemic Nucleic Acid Azithromycin epididymitis/prosta addition,
in Mid East, Asia, Amplification (PCR, (macrolide of titis). 4-6 million untreated
Africa. Tachomatis LCR, TMA, & SDA) 1000 mg dose cases/yr in US. infection of
inflammation, which is the choice for POx1). Highest in young the ocular
trichiasis C. trachomatis by lab Doxycycline women age 15-24: mucosa can
(misdirection of and clinics.90% (tetracyclines 3-11%. Two result in
eyelashes) and sensitive, >99% 100 mg BIDx7). Biovars: trichiasis and
corneal scarring. specific Quinolones. Trachomatis & LGV blindness.

macrolides
(erythomycin,
clarithromycin,
azithromycin).
Tetracycline
Culture wit cell (doxycycline or
culture. Serology (MIF tetracycline),
is species specific), fluoroquinolones
Antigen (DFA not (levofloxacin, 50% of US adult
specific for C. ciprofloxacin, population is
pneumonia), PCR ofloxacin) seropositive

Serology, culture is 80 cases/year in

difficult tetracyclines the US
Culture (blood culture
insensitive wit
organisms in vascular
endothelium), direct Shift from Western
immunofluorescence, States to
serology (don't use southeastern
non specific Weil-Felix Doxycline, Atlantic and south
rxn) Chloramphenicol central states.

Doxycline, Mortality high as

Serology Chloramphenicol 40%

Acute Sheep and

Serology (antigenic (tetracycline or livestock can be
variation: phase 1 doxycycline). the source of Q-
antigen for chronic Prolonged fever for
and phase II antigen (combination bioterrorism as
for acute infection. doxycycline & well as the target
PCR. quinolone) of terroist attacks.

serology or DNA Doxycline/Chlor

probe test amphenicol
Culture, Serology, cell wall active
Cold agglutinins, agents
nucleic acid based ineffective,
tests, Fried Egg tetracyclines,
appearance of macrolides,
colonies on agar quinolones