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57 DIVISION, NARAVA, VISAKHAPATNAM-530027
SLUM REDESIGN
(PRE-THESIS)
SUBMITTED BY
ELLISETTY NAVEENA MOHANA PRABHA
REG.NO. 14111AA008
BATCH OF 2014-2019
CERTIFICATE
Prof.M.Srinivasan
Principal
Acknowledgment
Yours faithfully
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 What are slums?
1.2 Slum profile
1.3 Reasons for slum formation
2. SYNOPSIS
2.1 Need for the top
2.2 Aim
2.3Objectives
2.4 Scope
2.5 Limitations
3. STUDY ON SLUMS
3.1 Types of slums
3.2 Types of slum re-development
3.3 Selections of slum for re-development
3.4 Slum development strategies
4.LITERATURE STUDY
5.DESKTOP STUDY
4.1 ARANYA HOUSING
6. CASE STUDY
5.1 DHARAVI
5.2 AMBEDKAR COLONY HYDERABAD
7.BIBILOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION:
d) Unemployment
e) Illiteracy
f) Poor Governance
g) Poverty.
2.0 SYNOPSIS:
2.2Aim:
• Creating needs and requirements with all amenities like care centre,
school, market, community hall etc.
• To solve the service problems like water and drainage lines sanitation
and more.
• Creating buildings with green interaction spaces with water bodies and
amenities.
Slum settlements is a problem seen in every city in the present days, so the
project is very useful for the slum settlement problem.
2.6 Limitations:
a) Tenable slums: Means all slums which are not located on hazardous
locations suitable for human habitation and the land is not earmarked for any
major public facilities and therefore it can be regularized in the same location.
b) Untenable slums: Untenable slums are those slums which are on
environmentally hazardous sites ecologically sensitive sites and on land
marked for public utilities and services.
Slum resettlement:
The process of relocation and settlement of slum dwellers from the existing
untenable slums to an alternative site with provision of dwelling space, basic
civic and infrastructural services.
Social feasibility:
Majority of the slum community involved must ratify the need for
slum improvement in a general meeting
Financial feasibility:
Before authorizing the execution of the work and receiving its initial
payment from the government.
Without housing: This strategy is valid for slums which have 100% pucca
houses. The deficiencies in the infrastructure by overcome by undertaking
necessary works to plug the gaps.
c) Remodelling:
e) Relocation:
Physical infrastructure:
a. Water supply
b. Drainage
e. Access road
f. Electricity
Social infrastructure:
a. Community hall
c. Market
e. Public toilets
Housing infrastructure:
Parking:
Room standards:
Living room:
ROADS:
Score 1: 60% or more of the in-slum roads have a min of 3 m width Score 2:
Less than 60% of the in-slum roads are of 3 m width. The consideration of high
and low level of infrastructure status is based on a total Score as stipulated
above. The total Score would be between min of 5 to a maximum of 10. The
following total Score is considered:
TOILETS:
Primary health care centre:
Entrance with Barrier free access Barrier free access environment for
easy access to no ambulant (wheel-chair, stretcher), semi-ambulant, visually
disabled and elderly persons asper guidelines of GOI. Ramp as per
specification, Hand- railing, and proper lightning etc must be provided in all
health facilities and retrofitted in older one which lack the same. The doorway
leading to the entrance should also have a ramp facilitating easy access for old
and physically challenged patients.
Rooms:
SITE ANALYSIS:
Major development along Delhi – Mumbai highway running through the city in
the north south direction
Existing features:
Geographical features:
Flat site
AFTER RE-DESIGN:
ROADS:
Roads:26%
Open spaces:9%
Residential Space:58%
CLIMATE RESPONSIVE FEATURES:
Most of the plots small in size and clustered in low rise blocks
Longer side façade oriented in the north-south axis to reduce the solar
radiation on the building.
Each house has minimum exposure to wall surface and a common wall.
The two openings on the north and south permit light and cross ventilation.
Courtyards within the houses, cul-de-sacs, public squares and small activity
areas shaded adequately by adjacent buildings.
SERVICES:
Cost-effective
Each family provided with a plot having a water tank, sewerage connection,
paved access with street lighting, storm water drainage
Service cores - key to this site and service scheme. - nuclei around which
houses were built.
Higher income groups, using more water were located at high ground level to
generate large flow.
Lower income groups, using less water located at lower ground level.
TREATMENT SYSTEM:
For conveyance system, a wet well and lift station was constructed near the
final manhole.
ELECTRICITY:
High income and middle-income groups were provided with overhead cables.
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
Foundation: Under rimmed piles in concrete, cast in situ locally was used as
the soil was black cotton soil.
Structural members: Reinforced concrete plinth beams, load bearing brick
walls, reinforced concrete slabs.
Exterior finishes: Bright colour in the façade, railing, grills and cornices seen in
the old houses of Indore used in some houses in the township.
Residents were free to use any material like brick or stone that were locally
available.
LANDSCAPE:
Landscape and green areas include flowering and shade giving trees with thick
ground cover, including lantana, an ever-green tree, that requires little
maintenance.
CONCLUSION:
Planning is “whole to part” – i.e. From township level to dwelling unit level.
.
CASE STUDY: DHARAVI
INTRODUCTION:
SITE ANALYSIS:
Climatic data:
The Climate of Mumbai is a tropical wet and dry climate. Mumbai's climate
can be best described as moderately hot with high level of humidity. Its coastal
nature and tropical location ensure temperatures won't fluctuate much
throughout the year.
Approach to site:
Site history:
History of Growth of Slum in Dharavi
Dharavi, located on the northernmost tip of Mumbai island City, was the
home of the Koli fishing community and the Mahim Creek was their source of
fish and livelihood for centuries. Indeed, one of the Bombay Gazetteers
mentions Dharavi as one of the ‘six great Koliwadas of Bombay’.
The Portuguese were the first colonists to stake their claim to the seven islands
of Bombay in the 16th century: they built a small fort and church at Bandra, on
the opposite shore from Dharavi. The years passed, the Koli fishermen
continued to fish in the Creek. The Riwa (Rehwa) Fort at Dharavi, locally known
as ‘Kala Qilla’, was built in 1737 by the second British governor of Bombay,
Gerald Aungier, on the banks of the Mithi River. It was part of the larger British-
built Bombay Castle.
The growth of Dharavi is closely interwoven with the pattern of migration into
Bombay. The first people to settle there did so because the land, mainly used as
an informal rubbish dump, was free and unregulated. The marshy land slowly
grew more solid but even till the mid-1900s, parts were so wet, people had to
build foot-bridges to cross over.
By end-1800s, the potters from Saurashtra were relocated here and set up their
colony (Kumbharwada), as also the Muslim leather tanners from Tamilnadu
(because of the proximity of the abattoir in Bandra). Artisans and embroidery
workers from Uttar Pradesh started the ready-made garments trade, and
Tamilians set up a flourishing business, making savories and sweets. This way,
Mumbai being the commercial capital of the country with unlimited opportunity
for employment attracted people from all parts of the country, irrespective of
region, caste, religion. Most of the land in Dharavi is owned by government and
government agencies and so was the most suitable for the migrants to encroach
and setup informal settlement. Dharavi thus became an amazing mosaic of
villages and townships from all over India belonging to different religions,
languages, and entrepreneurs, all surviving shoulder to shoulder.
INFORMAL GROWTH IN DHARAVI:
Development in dharavi?
In 1930’s after a fire rage in the community each family was given 15’x60’
plot of land with single storey brick house.
In the year 1971, the Maharashtra slum areas (Improvement, clearance and
redevelopment) Act came into being.
In the year 1973, a ‘slum improvement board’ was constituted. This brought
basic civic amenities to Dharavi like taps, drainage, pathways, latrines, and
street lights.
In 1995, the SRA (Slum Rehabilitation authority) came into being and the
idea of a ‘free house’ became a reality. To those with proof of residence in
Mumbai, before 1 January 1995.
After the year 1995, under the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme (SRA) 86
Schemes were approved in Dharavi in the period up to 2004. Majority of
the Schemes were based on TDR (Transferred Development Rights) and the
TDR generated from these projects were sold for use outside Dharavi. Most
of the schemes under SRA were along the major developed roads of
Dharavi. No major S.R Schemes were proposed in the interior part of
Dharavi due to inadequate access and also due to the presence of larger
number of commercial / industrial units. These schemes were scattered in
whole of Dharavi and buildings were coming up in sporadic manner along
the existing roads. The SRA schemes lacked the much-needed emphasis on
holistically planned urban development including development of new
roads, water and sewerage and other amenities. Major part of Dharavi
remained in undeveloped and unhygienic condition.
SERVICES:
Water supply: On comparing with the sanitation facilities in the slums, the
water supply coverage is still decent. Water supply is through stand pipes
two hours per day. Majority of the houses do not have individual water
supply connection. One tap per 100 people.
sewage facilities. They have open sewers. There is an estimate one WC for
The medical centre, Sion Hospital, opened in 1947 and has had to deal with
unprecedented and unexpected growth and a range of health issues that
accompany the extremely poor living conditions of local residents.
The hospital’s growth from a 50-bed facility in its infancy in the 1950s to a
1,400-bed facility.
Anganwadi
KHUMBARWADA COMMUNITY:
Space utilization: Spaces between the two stacks form the streets and the
open spaces, which double up as work spaces and hold numerous kilns,
storage spaces etc... Small parts of these streets are covered with make-shift
materials. This is done to usually protect and save the raw clay and unfired
pots.
Merits: The only positive about Dharavi is its industrial sector. Dharavi has an
estimated 5,000 businesses and 15,000 single-room factories that produce
somewhere between $700 million and $1 billion a year in revenue.
De-merits:
No proper housing
Site analysis:
Site orientation:
Site topography:
Climatic conditions:
Before 30-35 years people from rural areas migrated to the city for
job opportunities and started forming informal settlements. During 1985 when
N T Rama Rao was the chief minister he gave the site documents to the people
living in the slums. That is when people started constructing their own shelter.
And within 5 years documents and approval for the second floor was provided.
Housing units:
Community facilities:
There are 2 clinics present in this area one by the government and other is
private.
Services:
Sanitation: The sewage is collected from all the units and connected to the
sewerage system. Manholes are provided at every junction.
Drainage: According to the design, storm water drains are to be provided along
the roads and discharged to the city drainage system. Under ground drainage
systems are provided.
Road width:
6m wide road and 8m wide roads are provided. Roads are a bit congested
because of temporary street vendors.
Merits:
Demerits:
COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS
http://sra.gov.in/page/innerpage/growth-history.php
https://www.slideshare.net/ziddycool/dharavi-slums-and-housing
https://issuu.com/wisdomseeker/docs/thesis_2010_dharavi_jwarrenborg