Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45

H O S T E D BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/future-journal-of-
pharmaceutical-sciences/

Pharmaceutical significance of Eudragit: A review

Ch. Niranjan Patra a, *, Richa Priya a, Suryakanta Swain b, Goutam Kumar Jena a,
Kahnu Charan Panigrahi a, Debashish Ghose a
a
Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, 760010, India
b
SIMS College of Pharmacy, Guntur, India

a r t i c l e i n f o

Article history: tablet and capsule dosage forms. Films of different solubility can be
Received 19 September 2016 produced by using different polymer grades. Table 1 outlines the
Accepted 13 February 2017 solubility profile of each grade of Eudragit. Broadly poly-
Available online 9 March 2017 methacrylates are used as film former, tablet binder and tablet
diluents. Apart from the above applications, recent studies revealed
that polymethacrylates have got widespread applications in
formulation vis-a -vis taste masking, better permeation across skin,
intestinal epithelium and corneal permeation, dissolution
enhancement, bioavailability enhancement, enteric coating, sustain
1. Introduction
release, radioprotection, pH dependent release, colon targeting etc.
Therefore polymethacrylates play a pivotal role in formulation and
The Eudragit® range of polymers, like the versatile acrylic ma-
development of different type of dosage forms with versatile ap-
terial Plexiglas (introduced in 1933), grew out of Dr. Rohm’s deep
plications. Hence the objective of the present manuscript is to make
knowledge of acrylic acid and its derivatives. In the year 1954 first
a compilation review on research publications and patents on
two polymers Eudragit L and Eudragit S for enteric coating were
various applications of Eudragit.
launched. It offered a synthetic polymer for film-coating of
Polymethacrylates are known with various synonyms such as
improved quality than materials such as sugar and shellac. Eudragit
Acryl-EZE, Acryl-EZE MP, Eastacryl 30D; Eudragit; Kollicoat MAE 30
based products for rapidly disintegrating and sustained release
D; Kollicoat MAE 30 DP; polymeric methacrylates. This present
coatings were added during the 1960s, expanding the widening
review focused on various grades of Eudragit which is a trademark
potential applications considerably. The introduction of aqueous
of GmbH & Co.K.G Darmastadt in Germany, first marketed in 1950s.
polymer dispersion forms of Eudragit in 1972 was a major mile-
polymerization of acrylic & methacrylic acids or their esters was
stone, making the process of coating easier, safer, more versatile
adopted to obtain Eudragit e.g. butyl ester or dimethylaminoethyl
and economical. With the development of various grades of
ester. Chemical structure of Eudragit is shown in Fig. 1. Eudragit was
Eudragit, it became possible to handle many aspects of formulation
included in USPNF, BP and PhEur. Dry powder polymer forms are
development such as film coating, granulation, direct compression,
stable at temperatures less than 30
C. Dry powders are stable for at
melt extrusion and mastery of technologies to engineer immediate
least 3 years if stored in a tightly closed container at less than 30
C.
or sustained release, as well as GI targeting, enteric coatings, pulsed
Dispersions should be stored at temperatures between 5 and 25
C
release and transdermal formulations. Hence Eudragit a versatile
and are stable for at least 18 months. Eudragits are generally
polymer for drug delivery was selected for extensive review.
regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant materials. A daily intake of
Polymethacrylates are synthetic cationic and anionic polymers
2 mg/kg body-weight in humans is regarded as essentially safe. It is
of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, methacrylic acid, and
included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (oral capsules and
methacrylic acid esters in varying ratios. Several types are
tablets), nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK, Canadian list
commercially available and may be obtained as the dry powder,
of acceptable nonmedicinal ingredients.
aqueous dispersion, organic solution [1]. The most commonly used
organic phase used was a (60:40) mixture of acetone and propan-2-
ol. Polymethacrylates are primarily used as film-coating agents in 2. Literature review

A comprehensive review of literature is discussed in length

* Corresponding author. Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur,
760010, Ganjam, Odisha, India.
E-mail address: drniranjanrips@gmail.com (Ch.N. Patra).
Peer review under responsibility of Future University.
highlighting their applications. Research articles reported for each
grade are enlisted in tabular form. Some of those articles are dis-
cussed critically with special reference to eudragit.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fjps.2017.02.001
2314-7245/© 2017 Future University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
34 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45

Table 1
Tabulation for solubility of various grades of Eudragit [1].

Grades of Eudragit Recommended solvents Solubility/Permeability

Eudragit E12,5, Acetone, alcohol Soluble in gastric fluid to pH 5

Eudragit E100,
Eudragit EPO
Eudragit L 100-55, Acetone, alcohol for L100-55 Soluble in intestinal fluid from pH 5.5
Eudragit L 30 D-55, Water
Eastacryl 30D,
Kollicoat 30D
Kollicoat 30DP
Acryl EZE
Acryl EZE MP
Eudragit L-12.5P, Acetone, alcohol Soluble in intestinal fluid from pH 6
Eudragit L-12.5,
Eudragit L 100
Eudragit S 12.5P, Acetone, alcohol Soluble in intestinal fluid from pH 7
Eudragit S 12.5,
Eudragit S 100
Eudragit FS 30D Water
Eudragit RL12.5, Acetone, alcohol High permeability
Eudragit RL100,
Eudragit RD 100
Eudragit RL PO
Eudragit RL 30D Water
Eudragit RS 12.5 Acetone, alcohol Low permeability
Eudragit RS 100
Eudragit RS PO
Eudragit RS 30D Water
Eudragit NE 30D, Water Swellable, permeable
Eudragit NE 40D

2.1. Eudragit E100, E12,5 and EPO
In this series there are three different grades of Eudragit vis-a-
vis Eudragit E100, E12,5 and EPO. All the three are cationic copol-
ymer based on dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, butylmethacry-
late and methyl methacrylate. Chemically they are known as
poly(butyl methacrylate-co-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate-
co-methyl methacrylate. They possess a molecular weight of
approximately (47,000 g/mole), alkali value (180 mg KOH/g of
polymer) and glass transition temperature (48
C). They are soluble
in gastric pH up to 5.0. Low viscosity, high pigment binding ca-
pacity, good adhesion and low polymer weight gain are the
Fig. 1. Chemical structure of Eudragit, For Eudragit E: R1, R3]CH3, R2]
CH2CH2N(CH3)2, R4]CH3, C4H9 For Eudragit L and Eudragit S: R1, R3]CH3, R2]H,
R4]CH3 For Eudragit FS: R1]H, R2]H, CH3, R3]CH3, R4]CH3 For Eudragit RL and
Eudragit RS: R1]H, CH3, R2]CH3, C2H3, R3]CH3, R4]CH2CH2N(CH3)þ3Cl For
Eudragit NE 30 D and Eudragit NE 40 D: R1, R3]H, CH3, R2, R4]CH3, C2H3 For Acryl-
EZE and Acryl-EZE MP; Eudragit L 30 D-55 and Eudragit L 100-55, Eastacryl 30 D,
Kllicoat MAE 30D, and Kollicoat MAE 30 DP: R1, R3]H, CH3, R2]H, R4]CH3, C2H3.
characteristic properties of Eudragit E series. They are commonly
used in film coating, odour and taste masking, moisture and light
protection. They differ from each other in terms of their physical
appearance. Eudragit S100 is available in the form of granules
which consists of colourless to yellow tinged granules with a
characteristic amine like odour. Eudragit E 12,5 is available in the
form of organic solution which is a light yellow liquid of low vis-
cosity, clear to slightly cloudy with characteristic odour of solvent.
Eudragit EPO is available in the form of powder with a character-
istic amine like odour.
A current literature review on Eudragit E 100 reveals that it has
been used in nanoparticles, microparticles, transdermal spray,
ophthalmic solution, floating drug delivery system etc as shown in
Table 2. Quinteros et al. [2] proposed a novel ophthalmic solution
based on the ionic complexation between Eudragit E 100 and
flurbiprofen. Dispersion of the drug and Eudragit complex in 0.9%
w/v sodium chloride (NaCl) increased flurbiprofen release through
an ionic exchange, providing a controlled release and more effec-
tive corneal permeation without any irritation. Paradkar et al. [3]
formulated clotrimazole transdermal spray using different ratios
of ethanol and acetone and various grades of eudragit and ethyl
cellulose. The following parameters like viscosity, drying time,
stickiness, appearance, integrity on skin and water washability
were evaluated. The desired criteria was achieved by using Eudragit
E100 and mixture of ethanol and acetone (80:20). The optimized
formulation exhibited improved drug permeation through the rat
skin and improved antifungal efficacy as evidenced from higher
zone of inhibition. Dominguez et al., [4] prepared triclosan nano-
particles suspension by the emulsification-diffusion by solvent
displacement method, using Eudragit® E 100 as polymer. Triclosan
was molecularly dispersed in the nanoparticle batches containing
triclosan. Nanoparticles exhibited higher permeation compared to
solutions and creams. Patil et al. [5] explored the application of
Eudragit E 100 as taste masking agent in orally disintegrating tablet
of tramadol hydrochloride. The results demonstrated successful
masking of bitter taste.
 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45 35

Table 2
Reported literature on Eudragit E 100, E 12,5 and EPO.

Drug name Dosage form/delivery system Method of Preparation Applications References

Eudragit E 100
Flurbiprofen Opthalmic aqueous solution Ionic complexation Constant rate of delivery and improved [2]
permeation
Clotrimazole Transdermal spray Eutectic mixture Improved drug transport across the skin [3]
Triclosan Nanoparticles Emulsification-diffusion by solvent Improved drug delivery [4]
displacement method
Tramadol Hydrochloride Orally disintegrating tablet Mass extrusion technique Bitter taste masking [5]
Carvidilol Nanoparticles Nanoprecipitation Improved therapeutic efficacy (Faster [10]
dissolution)
Ranitidine hydrochloride Floating microspheres Solvent evaporation method Improved absorption and [11]
bioavailability
Eudragit E 12,5
* * * * *
Eudragit EPO
Clindamycin HCl Oral disintegrating tablet Drug coated to MCC beads followed by Improved pediatric and geriatric [6]
coating of eudragit EPO suspension patient compliance by taste masking.
followed by compression
Osthole Solid dispersion Hot-melt extrusion Improved dissolution rate and [12]
bioavailability
Atorvastatin Amorphous solid dispersions Direct compression Improved bioavailability by increasing [7]
compressed to orally disintegrating its gastric solubility in a stable oral
tablet disintegration tablet
Bifendate solid dispersions Hot-melt extrusion Enhanced bioavailability [13]
Meloxicam Nanoparticles Nanoprecipitation method Improved anti-inflammatory activity [8]
compared to suspension.
Andrographolide pH sensitive nanoparticle suspension Nanoprecipitation technique Improved the oral bioavailability with [14]
shorter Tmax
Aciclovir and Minoxidil liposomes High-pressure homogenization Cationic polymers had a stabilising [9]
effect
Diclofenac sodium and Polycomplex matrices Interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) Considerable pH-sensitive swelling in [15]
Theophylline between countercharged polymers acidic and neutral media
*
No literature found.

No literature was found for Eudragit 12,5 in pubmed indexed
journals. An extensive review on applications of Eudragit EPO
revealed that it can be used in formulations such as solid disper-
sions, orally disintegrating tablets, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions,
stabilization of liposomes, superior moisture protection for solid
dosage forms etc are shown in Table 2. Cantor et al. [6] explored
taste masking potential of Eudragit EPO by formulating orally dis-
integrating tablets of clindamycin HCl. Coating of Clindamycin HCl
with Eudragit EPO suspension subsequent compression into tablet
showed improved pediatric and geriatric patient compliance for
clindamycin. Salmani et al. [7] investigated solubility and
bioavailability enhancement potential of orally disintegrating
tablet compressed from solid dispersions of atrovastatin with
Eudragit EPO. Solid dispersions significantly improved the disso-
lution of atrovastatin. In vivo study showed. 434% more bioavail-
ability than plain atrovastatin tablets. Khachane et al. [8]
investigated the potential of Eudragit EPO nanoparticles in
improving therapeutic efficacy of meloxicam and compared with
conventional meloxicam suspension. Meloxicam loaded eudragit
EPO nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation method.
Improved anti-inflammatory activity with lesser ulcerogenicity was
observes with optimized nanoparticles. Hasanovic et al. [9]
improved physicochemical properties of liposomes by using
cationic polymer i.e. chitosan and Eudragit EPO. 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-
glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) liposomes were prepared by
high-pressure homogenization. Zeta potential and mean particle
size revealed that the polymeric liposomes are stable. In the pres-
ence of the drugs (acyclovir and minoxidil), the polymeric lipo-
somes still showed constant particle size and zeta potential.
Moreover, the coating of liposomes with chitosan or Eudragit EPO
led to higher skin diffusion for both drugs. The interaction between
the skin (negatively charged surface) and liposomes (positively
charged) was the probable reason for increased skin diffusion.
2.2. Eudragit L 100 and 12,5
Eudragit L 100 and L 12,5 are anionic copolymers based meth-
acrylic acid and methyl methacrylic acid. Both the polymers possess
similar molecular weight 1,25,000 g/mol, acid value 315 mg KOH/g
of polymer and glass transition temperature greater than 150
C.
Targeted drug release area for both the polymer is jejunum and
dissolves at pH above 6. They are used for effective and stable
coatings with fast dissolution in the upper bowel, granulation of
drug substance in powder form for controlled release, site specific
drug delivery in intestine etc. The only difference between these
two grades is Eudragit L 100 is available in the form of solid powder
with a faint characteristic odour whereas Eudragit 12,5 is a organic
solution which is colourless and clear to slightly cloudy liquid with
the characteristic odour of isopropyl alcohol.
A current review on Eudragit L 100 exhibits that it has been used
in various formulations such as microspheres, microsponges,
nanoparticles, liposomes, lipotomes, tablets etc for different ap-
plications such as enteric coating, sustain release, insulin perme-
ation, bioavailability enhancement etc as shown in Table 3. Li et al.
[16] filled self nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEEDS) of
insulin into Eudragit L100 based enteric coated capsules. A pH-
dependent insulin release profile was observed. In healthy fasted
rats, administration of SNEDDS produced a 2.7 and 3.4 fold
enhancement in the relative bioavailability and glucose reduction,
respectively. This study showed enhanced oral absorption and ef-
ficacy of insulin. Sareen et al. 2014 [17] evaluated colon specific
drug delivery potential of Eudragit L100 by formulating micro-
ponges of curcumin. Release studies revealed that microsponges
prevented the premature release of curcumin in upper GIT and
specifically released the drug at colonic pH. Microsponges with
Eudragit L 100 can be used as a promising drug delivery system for
treatment of ulcerative colitis. Hosny et al. [18] made a novel
36 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45
approach to overcome barriers for the treatment of osteoporosis by
formulating enteric-coated alendronate sodium (ALS) nano-
liposomes. Optimized nanoliposome coated with Eudragit L 100
successfully resisted the release of ALS in acidic environments and
enhanced the bioavailability in rabbits. Wilson et al., [19] prepared
and evaluated sustain release enteric coated tablets of pan-
toprazole. The prepared tablets were dip coated using an enteric
coating polymer such as cellulose acetate phthalate and eudragit
L100. The study revealed that the prepared tablets were able to
sustain drug release into the intestine. The enteric coated pan-
toprazole tablets significantly reduced ulcer formation. No litera-
ture found for Eudragit 12,5 in pubmed indexed journals.
2.3. Eudragit L 30 D 55 and L 100-55
Eudragit L 30 D 55 is the aqueous dispersion of anionic polymers
with methacrylic acid as a functional group. It is a low viscosity
liquid of white color with faint characteristic odour. It is obtainable
in the form of aqueous dispersion (30%) whereas eudragit L 100-55
is an anionic copolymer based on methacrylic acid and ethyl
acrylate. It is a white powder with a faint characteristic odour. Both
grades of Eudragit have molecular weight 3,20,000 g/mol, acid
value 315 mg KOH/g of polymer and glass transition temperature
110
C. Targeted drug release area for both is duodenum and they
dissolve at pH of 5.5. Both the polymers are used for effective and
stable coating with fast dissolution in the upper bowel, controlled
release, site specific drug delivery in intestine etc.
An up to date literature review on the applications of Eudragit L
30 D 55 polymer suggests that it has been used in the formulation
of microspheres, microparticles, film coated tablets, pellets, trans-
dermal film, enteric coating etc with various objectives such as
improving bioavailability, drug release at intestine, sustain release
etc as shown in Table 4. Nair et al. [23] evaluated four different
polymers such as Eudragit L-30 D-55, hydroxy propyl methylcel-
lulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate and Acryl-EZE® by
formulating enteric coated tablets of esomeprazole magnesium
trihydrate. Tablets with 5% weight gain, failed disintegration test in
0.1 N HCl media. It was observed that 8% w/w enteric coating
passed disintegration test. Methacrylic polymers (Eudragit L 30 D
55 and Acryl EZE) exhibited better dissolution rate than the cellu-
lose polymers. Naseem et al. [24] designed transdermal films of
tenoxicam with Eudragit L 30D55 along with permeation en-
hancers like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and propylene glycol (PG). A
drag effect was observed due to interaction between tenoxicam and
Eudragit L30D-55 leading to a delay of the tenoxicam release.
Table 3
Reported literature on Eudragit L 100 and 12,5.
Drug name Dosage form/delivery system Method of Preparation
Oral insulin Combination of Self nanoemulsifying DDS In-situ emulsification
& enteric coated capsules
Curcumin Microsponge for colon targeting Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion
method
Lacidipine Lyophilised Lipotomes filled into enteric Thin film hydration technique
coated capsules.
Dipyridamole floating alginate beads combined with the Ionic cross linking and solid
solid dispersion dispersion technique
Alendronate Enteric-coated nanoliposomes Nanotechnology
sodium (ALS)
Pantoprazole Delayed release tablets Wet granulation method
followed by enteric coating
Insulin Thiolated eudragit based nanoparticles Nanotechnology
with reduced glutathione.
Eudragit L 12,5
* * * *
*
No literature found.
Bendas et al. [25] attempted extrusion-spheronization followed by
spray coating for leaky enteric-coated pellets of ranitidine HCl.
Pellets were prepared using Eudragit L 30 D-55, combined with
soluble lactose, PEG 8000 and surfactants (span 60 (hydrophobic)
or tween 80 (hydrophilic). Leaky enteric coated pellets allowed the
release of some amount of drug in gastric fluid.
Similarly an extensive up to date review on the polymer
Eudragit L100-55 suggests that this can be used in the formulations
for various applications such as pH responsive drug release, taste
masking, drug release at intestine, radioprotection etc as shown in
Table 4. Lotikar et al. [26] designed multiparticulate dosage form of
ketoprofen by extrusion and spheronization technique. It was
based on pH-responsive dual pulse release concept. Pellets were
coated with pH sensitive Eudragit L 100-55 and Eudragit S 100 for
site-specific drug release with lag time. The dual pulse release after
a lag time of 2 and 5 h was observed. The first dose release was
established in pH 1.2 for a period of 2 h, followed by pH 6.8. The
second dose pellets were passed through pH 1.2, pH 6.8 followed by
pH 7.5 for the rest of the study. The authors concluded that mul-
tiparticulate dosage form of ketoprofen was able to relieve circa-
dian symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis during midnight and early
morning. Maniruzzaman et al. [27] prepared extrudes of cationic
model drug propranolol HCl by extrusion and spheronization
technique with the anionic polymers Eudragit L100 and Eudragit
L100-55. Taste masking was determined by using e tongues.
Intermolecular interactions as the mechanism of successful taste
masking was ascertained from FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR
studies. Aguilar et al. [28] used polyurethane and Eudragit® L100-
55 as nanofiber by belectrospinning technique. The composite
mat has adequate mechanical properties and in vitro cell biocom-
patibility indicating that the material can be used for drug eluting
stent cover application. De Barros et al. [29] designed a laminated
polymer film formulation for enteric delivery of live vaccine and
probiotic bacteria. Eudragit L 100-55 based polymeric laminate
successfully protected dried probiotic or vaccine live bacterial cells
from SGF for 2 h, and subsequently released all viable cells within
60 min of transfer into simulated intestinal fluid.
2.4. Eudragit S (S-100, 12,5 and FS 30 D)
Eudragit S 100 and S 12,5 are anionic copolymers based on
methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate. Eudragit S100 is solid
substance in the form of white powder with a faint characteristic
odour. Eudragit S12,5 is a colourless and clear to slightly cloudy
liquid with characteristic odour of isopropyl alcohol. Both grades
Application Reference
Enhancing the oral absorption and efficacy of insulin and [16]
eudragit L 100 as a enteric polymer.
Eudragit L 100 prevented the premature release of curcumin in [17]
upper GIT.
Lipotomes enhanced oral bioavailability and Eudragit L 100 as a [20]
enteric polymer.
Prolonged stomach retention time due to CaCO3 and modified [21]
drug release due to Eudragit L100 and RLPO.
Resist the release of ALS in acidic environments and enhanced [18]
the bioavailability
Sustained release in intestine and significant reduction in ulcer [19]
formation
Facilitate insulin permeation through the intestinal epithelium. [22]
*
 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45 37

Table 4
Reported literature on Eudragit L30 D-55 and L 100-55.

Drug name Dosage form/delivery Method Application References

system

Eudragit L 30D-55
Oral Chlorea Microparticles Spray dried technique An approach to a cold chain free and effective oral cholera vaccine. [30]
vaccine
Tenoxicam Transdermal self-adhesive Casting evaporation Sustain drug release [24]
films technique
Esomeprazole Enteric coated tablet Coating Better dissolution & stable for a period of 3 months. [23]
magnesium
trihydrate
Tamsulosin Controlled-release Extrusion/ Controlled release [31]
hydrochloride capsule spheronization method
Ranitidine leaky enteric-coated Extrusion- Maintain or increase the bioavailability of drugs that have a window of absorption [25]
hydrochloride pellets spheronization followed
by spray coating
Diclofenac sodium Enteric coated pellets Fluidized-bed coating The mixture of Eudragit NE30D and Eudragit L30D-55 could be used to prepare [32]
compressed into tablets enteric pellets.
Mycoplasma Microsphere Co spray drying Oral microspheres vaccine prepared by a co-spray drying method can provide [33]
hyopneumoniae effective protection against M M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs.
oral vaccine
Eudargit L 100e55
Ketoprofen pH-responsive dual pulse Extrusion- To relieve circadian symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis during midnight and early [26]
multiparticulate dosage spheronization & Fluid morning
form bed coating.
Propranolol HCl Taste mask formulation Hot melt extrusion Drug polymer intermolecular interactions as the mechanism of successful taste [27]
(Single screw) masking.
Amifostine Enteric microcapsules Spray drying technique Oral administration of amifostine microcapsules provided effective radioprotection [34]
compared to the bulk drug.
Omeprazole Nanoparticles Ultrasonic dispersion Nanoparticles showed a strong pH-sensitive release in vitro. [35]
and diffusion
solidification
Gemcitabine Enteric Microparticles Double emulsion Oral absorption could be increased with mucoadhesive polymer [36]
method
Domperidone Oral disintegrating tablet Direct compression Fast and pH-dependent release [37]
method
Paclitaxel Nanofiber composite mat Electrospinning process pH dependent release of paclitaxel on duodenal stent cover application. [28]
Live bacterial cells Polymer film laminate Film casting Eudragit alone successfully protected dried probiotic or vaccine LBC from SGF for [29]
as attenuated 2 h, and subsequently released all viable cells within 60 min of transfer into SIF.
vaccines
Cinnarizine Microparticles Coacervation technique pH responsive drug release [38]
Insulin Enteric nanoparticles Complex coacervation Complex coacervation process using chitosan and Eudragit L100-55 polymers may [39]
method provide a useful approach for entrapment of hydrophilic polypeptides without
affecting their conformation.

have molecular weight, acid value and glass transition temperature
approximately 125,000 g/mol, 190 mg KOH/g polymer and >150
C
respectively. Eudragit S 100 is available in the form of powder.
Eudragit S 12,5 is available in the form of organic solution (12.5%).
Both grades dissolve at pH 7.0 and used for colon targeted drug
delivery.
Eudragit FS 30D is a milky white liquid of low viscosity with a
faint characteristic odour. It is the aqueous dispersion of an anionic
copolymer based on methyl acrylate, methylmethacrylate and
methacrylic acid. It is insoluble in acidic media, but dissolves by salt
formation above pH 7.0. Apart from its enteric properties, its
dissolution at a higher pH value allows targeted colon drug de-
livery. Its molecular weight, acid value and glass transition tem-
perature are approximately 2,80,000 g/mol, 70 mg KOH/g polymer
and 48
C respectively. Due to low minimum film forming tem-
perature only small amounts of plasticizer are required to get a
smooth film formation. It is available in the form of aqueous
dispersion (30%).
A current review on recent research publications based on
Eudragit S 100 is described as follows. It is used in formulation of
transdermal patch, nanoparticles, microparticles, microballons,
solid dispersions and spherical crystals. It has been used for various
applications such as colon specific drug delivery, sustain release,
bioavailability enhancement, improvement in micromeritic prop-
erties etc as shown in Table 5. Madan et al. [40] evaluated the
sustain release potential of Eudragit S100 by formulating trans-
dermal patches of donepezil using various polymers along with
plasticizer and penetration enhancer. Eudragit S100, Eudragit E100
and HPMC were used as matrix forming agents in the formulation
of patches. They concluded that transdermal patch can extend the
release of donepezil for many hours with enhanced bioavailability.
Hence Eudragit S 100 can be used to extend release of domepezil in
transdermal patches. Li et al. [16] evaluated colon specific drug
delivery potential of Eudragit S 100 based enteric coating of model
drug. Enteric coating was achieved by applying Eudragit S 100 to
microencapsulated 5-Flurouracil and leucovorin coloaded with
folate-chitosan nanoparticles. When the pH value reached the
soluble threshold of Eudragit S-100, a constant and slow drug
release was observed. Eudragit S100 can be used for selectively
targeting drugs to colon in the chemotherapy of colon cancer.
Nandy et al. [41] formulated and characterized delayed release
multi particulates system of indomethacin. Microspheres were
formulated by using a novel quasi emulsion solvent diffusion
technique using combination of ethyl cellulose (EC) and Eudragit RS
100/Eudragit S100 . Drug release decreased significantly (p < 0.05)
with increase in amount of Eudragit polymer. Therefore this
approach suggested that the combination of EC and Eudragit S100
microspheres may be useful for the delivery of maximum amount
of indomethacin to the colon.
No literature was found for Eudragit S 12,5 in pubmed indexed
38 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45

Table 5
Reported literature on Eudragit S 100, 12,5 and FS 30 D.

Drug name Dosage form/delivery Method of Preparation Application References

system

Eudragit S 100
Donepezil Transdermal Patches Solvent casting technique Extended release, enhanced bioavailability, avoids the first [40]
pass effect
5-fluourouacil (5- Nanoparticles Ionic gelation followed by solvent evaporation Selectively targeting drugs to colon in the chemotherapy of [16]
FU) and microencapsulated with method colon cancer.
leucovorin enteric polymers
Raloxifene Nanocapsules Interfacial deposition of preformed polymer Best activity was observed for RH-loaded Eudragit S100 [44]
hydrochloride nanocapsules after 72 h
Indomethacin Multi-particulates system Novel quasi emulsion solvent diffusion Combination of EC and Eudragit S100 delivered maximum [41]
in the form of microspheres technique amount of drug to colon.
Dextromethorphan Solid dispersion (modified Solvent evaporation method Solid dispersion of drug-Eudragit S 100 to overcome the [45]
in situ gelling alginate problems of dose dumping after the rupture of the pH
formulations). dependent alginate gels.
Nizatidine Encapsulated Emulsion solvent diffusion method Sustain release and increased residence time [46]
microballoons
5-Flurouracil Enteric coated dextran Dextran Microspheres by emulsification- Eudragit S100 retard the release of drug in gastric and [47]
microspheres crosslinking method and enteric coating by oil- intestinal pH and the drug released in colon due to the
in-oil solvent evaporation method. degradation of dextran by colonic enzymes.
Peptide Val-Leu- Enteric coated Double emulsion method followed by freeze Nanoparticles almost completely released at pH 7.4 after 8 h [48]
Pro-Val-Pro-Arg nanoparticles drying reduced blood pressure for more than 30 h
(VLPVPR)
Flurbiprofen Microspheres Oil/oil emulsification method Colon specific drug delivery [49]
Mebendazole Spherical crystals Solvent change method Spherical crystals with improved micromeritic properties. [50]
Eudragit S 12,5
* * * * *
Eudragit FS 30 D
Theophyline Multiparticulate (enteric Direct compression Delayed release property was preserved. [51]
coated with FS 30 D)
compressed in to tablets
Tartrazine (model Multiple-unit tablet Film coating technique An optimal coating was obtained by mixing two acrylic [42]
substance) compressed from enteric- polymers: relatively brittle Eudragit® L30 D-55 with more
®
coated pellets flexible Eudragit FS 30 D.
Thymidine Enteric-coated HPMC Optimized coating process(fluid bed apparatus) Ready-to-use enteric-coated HPMC capsules for the use in [43]
capsules retail or hospital pharmacy or R&D sections of
pharmaceutical industry.
*
No literature found.

journals. But few articles were published on the use of Eudragit FS
30 D in various dosage forms such as multiparticles, tablets and
capsules for enteric coating as shown in Table 5. Dreu et al. [42]
produced multiple-unit tablet compressed from enteric-coated
pellets. An optimal coating was obtained by mixing two acrylic
polymers: relatively brittle Eudragit® L30 D-55 with more flexible
Eudragit® FS 30 D. The final formulation released 9% drug in acidic
medium. In addition to coating, biconvex shape of tablet and pro-
tective coating of Kollidon VA 64 also played a significant role in
achieving enteric coating. Huyghebaert et al. [43] developed an
alternative method for enteric coating of HPMC capsules that
avoids the sealing step before coating, resulting in ready-to-use
enteric-coated capsules for the use in retail or hospital pharmacy
or R&D sections of pharmaceutical industry and for the production
of enteric-coated heat and moisture sensitive biomaterials. The
release of thymidine in 0.1 N HCl after 2 h from capsules coated
with Eudragit L30D-55, Eudragit FS 30 D, Aqoat AS-HF and Sureteric
was 0.6 ± 0.03, 0.6 ± 0.3, 1.2 ± 0.2 and 7.3 ± 1.9% respectively. The
alternative method was reproducible and offered a way to over-
come the time-consuming and expensive sealing step required
using the conventional coating procedure.
2.5. Eudragit NE 30D, NE 40D and NM 30D
Eudragit NE 30D, NE 40D and NM 30 D are the aqueous
dispersion of a neutral copolymer based on ethyl acrylate and
methyl methacrylate. These are milky white liquid of low viscosity
with a faint characteristic odour. All the three grades have mini-
mum film forming temperature of 5
C. Both NE 30D and 40 D are
having a molecular weight of approximately 7,50,000 g/mol
whereas NM30 D have molecular weight of 6,00,000 g/mol. Glass
transition temperature (Tg) of NE 30 D and 40D are ~8
C whereas
NM 30 D is having glass transition temperature of ~11
C. Eudragit
NE 30D, NE 40 D and NM 30 D are available in the form of aqueous
dispersion 30, 40 and 30% respectively. All are highly flexible in
nature and does not require incorporation of plasticizer. They are
used in formulation of controlled release products which are in-
dependent of pH of gastrointestinal tract.
An extensive review on Eudragit NE 30D revealed that it is used
for modified release formulations in various dosage forms such as
multiparticles, microparticles, pellets, films etc as shown in Table 6.
Amrutkar et al. [52] designed multiparticulate floating drug de-
livery system of zolpidem tartarate to prolong the gastric residence
time and to improve bioavailability. The system consists of effer-
vescent layer (sodium bicarbonate) and polymeric layer (Eudragit
NE 30D) membrane. In-vitro drug release of the system were
dependent on Coating level of the polymeric membrane (Eudra-
git(®) NE 30D) played a significant role in drug release. Kumaria
et al. [53] developed and evaluated Loratidine buccal films for
allergic rhinitis. Polymeric buccoadhesive films of loratidine were
prepared using hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)-E5 and
K100 blend and Eudragit® NE 30D as retardant. Films were pre-
pared using solvent-casting method. Increase in Eudragit® NE 30 D
content in the film decreased the hydration, erosion and drug
release, but enhanced the mucoadhesion time.
Current literature review on Eudragit NE 40 D suggests that it is
used for various pharmaceutical applications like modified release,
enhancement of bioavailability etc as bucoadhesive films and non
 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45 39

Table 6
Reported literature on Eudragit NE 30 D.

Drug name Dosage form/delivery system Method of Preparation Application References

Eudragit NE 30 D
Zolpidem tartarate Multiparticulate floating drug delivery Coated with effervescent layer and Rapid floating and modified drug [52]
system (pellets) polymeric membrane release was obtained.
Loratidine Prolonged release Buccoadhesive film Solvent-casting method Mucoadhesion and release retardation [53]
was achieved with HPMC and eudragit
NE 30 D respectively.
Theophylline or cimetidine Multiparticulate DDS Extrusion-spheronization followed by Modified release [56]
coating.
Venlafaxine hydrochloride Pellets Extrusion/spheronization followed by Differences in the film micro-structure [57]
coating and surface roughness influence the
in vivo release
Tamsulosin hydrochloride Sustain Release microparticles Single-step matrix coating Optimum ratio of Aquacoat® and [58]
Eudragit® NE30D in the matrix (9:1)
provides a sustained-release
Urapidil Drug layer pellets followed by coating Centrifugal granulation and fluid bed Improvement in bioavailability [59]
coating
Eudragit NE 40 D
Prednisolone Buccoadhesive films solvent-casting method Enhanced bioavailability [54]
Miconazole nitrate Nonocclusive dermal therapeutic Matrix system In vitro control of drug release for at [55]
system least 24 h
Eudragit NM 30 D
* * * * *
*
No literature found.

occlusive dermal therapeutic systems as shown in Table 6. Kumria
et al. [54] prepared buccoadhesive films of prednisolone by solvent-
casting method using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (K100),
Carbopol 940 and/or Eudragit® NE 40 D. Buccal route was found as a
viable option for delivery of prednisolone. Minghetti et al. [55]
prepared self-adhesive matrix made of a mixture of Plastoid E
35 L, an adhesive hydrophilic polymer, and eudragit NE 40 D, a
nonadhesive hydrophobic polymer able to modify the drug release.
All systems sustained drug release for at least 24 h. No literature
was found for Eudragit NM 30D based formulations in pubmed
indexed journals.
2.6. Eudragit RL 30 D, RLPO, RL100 and RL 12,5
Eudragit RL 30 D, RLPO, RL100 and RL 12,5 are copolymers of
ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and a low content of meth-
acrylic acid ester with quaternary ammonium groups. The ammo-
nium groups are present as salts and make the polymers
permeable. RL 30D is a milky white liquid of low viscosity with a
faint characteristic odour. Molecular weight of RL 30D is approxi-
mately 32,000 g/mol. Its minimum film forming temperature and
glass transition temperature are 40
C and 55
C respectively. Alkali
value of RL 30D is 32.3 mg KOH per g of polymer. RL 30D is available
in the form of 30% aqueous dispersion. RL 30D exhibit pH depen-
dent swelling. RL 30D is primarily used in the formulation of sus-
tained release products. Eudragit RLPO is a solid substance available
in the form of white powder with a faint amine like odour whereas
eudragit RL100 is a solid substance available in the form of col-
ourless, clear to cloudy granules with a faint amine like odour.
Molecular weight, alkali value and glass transition temperature of
both RLPO and RL 100 are same i.e. 32,000 g/mol, 28.1 mg KOH/g
polymer and 70
C respectively. RLPO and RL100 is mainly used for
customized release profile by combination of RL and RS grades in
different ratios and they are also suitable for matrix structures.
Eudragit RL 12,5 is light yellow liquid of low viscosity, clear to
slightly cloudy with a characteristic odour of solvents. RL 12,5 is
available in the form of a 12.5% organic solution. Its molecular
weight, alkali value and applications are same as RLPO.
An extensive literature review on Eudragit RL 30D revealed that
this polymer is primarily used for controlled release DDS as shown
in Table 7. Kibria et al. [60] investigated the effect of physico-
chemical properties of the polymers vis-a -vis eudragit RL30D and
RS30D on the release profile of ketoprofen from pellets. Extruded
and spheronized pellets were coated with 15% (w/w) polymers
Eudragit RL 30 D and Eudragit RS 30 D. It was revealed that Eudragit
RL 30 D has the effect to increase the initial drug release more
significantly than RS 30D. Lingam et al. [61] formulated matrix type
multiple-unit (minitablets) floating drug delivery system for
captopril. The system consists of core units which are coated with
three successive layers vis-a-vis inner seal coat, effervescent layer
and an outer gas-entrapped polymeric membrane of an poly-
methacrylates. Eudragit RL30D and its combination formulations
exhibited floating.
Review on Eudragit RLPO is primarily used for sustaining drug
release in diverse drug delivery systems like nanoparticles,
mucoadhesive tablets and patches, solid dispersions etc as shown
in Table 7. Singh et al. [62] investigated the effect of iron oxide in
the development of mucoadhesive tablets of cinnarizine using
Eudragit RLPO. Eudragit RLPO and iron oxide exhibited potential
for gastroretentive and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
Pandey et al. [63] attempted site specific drug delivery by
formulating bilayered gastroretentable mucoadhesive patch
(stomach). Both Eudragit RSPO and RLPO were used for formu-
lation of patch. Patches could control the drug release up to 12 h,
with mucoadhesion. Sahoo et al. [64] formulated solid dispersion
of verapamil using Eudragit RLPO or Kollidon SR to sustain drug
release. Extended the drug release upto 12 h was attained in case
of Eudragit RLPO.
A widespread literature review on Eudragit RL 100 revealed that
it is used for controlled release and bioavailability improvement
approaches in various dosage forms such as nanoparticles, tablets,
buccal films, transdermal patches, ophthalmic inserts etc as shown
in Table 7. Singh et al. [65] prepared atazanavir nanoparticles
loaded with Eudragit RL 100 to improve oral bioavailability. These
nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation method.
Eudragit L100 based nanoparticles showed improved bioavail-
ability potential. Ofokansi et al. [66] prepared ibuprofen tablets
from interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs), formed between
Eudragit RL100 and chitosan, by nonstoichiometric method, and
tablets based on the above complex by wet granulation method.
The complex was capable of preventing drug release in the stomach
and small intestine and helped colon specific drug delivery. Palem
40 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45

Table 7
Reported literature on Eudragit RL 30 D, RLPO, RL100 and RL 12,5.

Drug name Dosage form/delivery system Method of Preparation Application References

Eudragit RL 30D
Diltiazem HCl Matrix Tablets Dry mixing and direct compression Controlled release [69]
followed by coating with Eudragit NE
30D
Ambroxol hydrochloride Pellets Extrusion-spheronization technology Stability was dependent on storage [70]
followed by coating with Eudragit NE condition and physicochemical
30D property of the polymer.
Ketoprofen Pellet Extrusion spheronisation technique Proper selection of polymeric materials [60]
followed by coating with Eudragit Ne based on their physico-chemical
30D and RS 30D properties sustained the drug release.
Captopril Minitablets Direct compression followed by coating Only the system using Eudragit RL30D [61]
and combination of them as a gas-
entrapped polymeric membrane could
float.
Eudragit RLPO
Acyclovir Nanoparticles Nanoprecipitation technique As acyclovir: Eudragit RLPO ratio [71]
increased from 1:1.5 to 1:2, particle size
and drug entrapment increased It also
produced sustain release.
Cinnarizine Mucoadhesive tablets Simplex lattice design Eudragit RLPO and iron oxide [62]
combination showed high level
potential for fabricating gastroretentive
as well as mucoadhesive drug delivery
systems.
Lercanidipine HCl Gastroretentable mucoadhesive patch Layering technique Patches prepared using the [63]
combination of Eudragit RSPO and RLPO
could control the drug release up to
12 h
Domperidone Bilayered mucoadhesive buccal patches Solvent casting technique Bilayered mucoadhesive buccal patches [72]
with desired permeability could be
prepared
Metoprolol Solid dispersion Melting and solvent method RLPO showed higher release than RSPO. [73]
Verapamil hydrochloride Solid dispersion compressed into a Direct compression The tablet containing Eudragit RLPO has [64]
tablet extended the release rate for 12 h
Promethazine hydrochloride Solid dispersions compressed into Coevaporation and coprecipitation Eudragit RLPO coevaporates (1: 5) [74]
tablet techniques displayed extended release of drug for
12 h
Eudragit RL100
Griseofulvin Polymer-coated drug Porous hollow fiber membrane-based Coated drug particles can be potentially [75]
antisolvent crystallization used for controlled release.
Atazanavir Nanoparticles Nanoprecipitation method To improve bioavailability & in [65]
prolonged drug release
Ibuprofen Tablet with interpolyelectrolyte Wet granulation Exploited successfully for colon- [66]
complexes (IPECs), formed between targeted delivery of ibuprofen
Eudragit RL100 (EL) and chitosan (CS).
Metformin hydrochloride Matrix tablet Wet granulation technique used to sustain drug release [76]
Domperidone Buccal films Hot-melt extrusion improved bioavailability [67]
Azithromycin Opthalmic inserts Modified solvent casting method Prolonged release time and improved [68]
ocular availability.
Lercanidipine hydrochloride Transdermal patches Solvent evaporation technique Drug release sustained upto 24 h. [77]
Sulfacetamide Nanosuspension Solvent displacement method Formulation of sulfacetamide in [78]
Eudragit RL100 improve the availability
of sulfacetamide at the intraocular level.
Azelastine hydrochloride Microspheres Solvent evaporation technique Prolonged release of the drug over the [79]
period of 6 h.
Zidovudine Transdermal delivery Solvent evaporation method Increased permeation [80]
Cloricromene Nanoparticle suspensions Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion Improves the shelf life and [81]
technique bioavailability of this drug after
ophthalmic application
Eudragit RL 12,5
* * * * *
*
No literature found.

et al. [67] prepared domperidone (DOM) hot-melt extruded (HME)
buccal films by using combination of HPMC E5 LV or Eudragit RL100
as polymeric carriers along with some other carriers exhibited 1.5
times improved bioavailability. Thakur et al. [68] formulated the
bioerodable insert of azithromycin to prolong the release time and
improve the ocular availability. Azithromycin insert was prepared
using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and Eudragit
RL100. The formulation (comprising of 1.5% HPMC and 3% Eudragit
RL100) showed release of drug over a 12 h in a steady and
controlled manner. No research articles found for Eudragit RL 12,5
in pubmed indexed journals.
2.7. Eudragit RS 30D, RSPO, RS 100 and RS 12,5
Eudragit RS 30D, RSPO, RS100 and RS 12,5 is a copolymer of
ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and a low content of
 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45 41

methacrylic acid ester with quaternary ammonium groups. The
ammonium groups are present as salts. Presence of salts makes
them more permeable. Eudragit RS 30 D is a liquid of low viscosity
with milky white color showing faint characteristic odour. Eudragit
RSPO is white powder with a faint amine like odour. Eudragits RS
100 is colorless granule with a faint amine like odour. Eudragit RS
12,5 is a light yellow liquid of low viscosity, clear to slightly cloudy
with a characteristic odour of the solvents. Molecular weight of
each of the above grades is 32,000 g/mol. Eudragit RS 30D, RSPO,
RS100 and RS 12,5 are available in the form of 30% aqueous
dispersion, powder, granules and 12.5% organic solution respec-
tively. All the above four grades of Eudragit are insoluble. They
exhibit low permeability with pH independent swelling. These
polymers are used for controlled and customized release profile by
combination of RL and RS grades in different ratios.
Eudragit RS 30 D is extensively used for formulation of sustain
release products. The current literature survey suggests that this
polymer has been used in formulation of pellets, coating of pellets
osmotically driven pellets etc as shown in Table 8. Piao et al. [82]
developed sustained release osmotic pellet coated of oxymatrine.
Extrusion/spheronization followed by coating with Eudragit RS 30
D was adopted. They found that the F3 formulation, prepared with
20% NaCl and an 8% coating level (Eudragit RS 30 D), showed a
continuous NaCl-induced water influx into the pellets providing a
gradual sustained release of OMT for over 12 h. Kibria et al. [60]
investigated the release of ketoprofen from pellets to study the
effect of physico-chemical properties of polymers. The drug con-
taining core pellets were prepared by extrusion spheronisation
technique and subsequently coated with 15% (w/w) polymer load of
the combination of Eudragit RL 30 D & Eudragit RS 30 D. It was
revealed that Eudragit RL 30 D has the effect to increase the initial
drug release more significantly where as Eudragit RS 30 D has the
effect to minimize the initial drug release but increase the terminal
drug release more significantly.
An extensive review on research publication on Eudragit RSPO
revealed that it is mainly used in the sustaining drug release as
shown in Table 8. Eudragit RSPO has been used in the formulation of
microballons, tablets, microspheres and microtablets. Porwal et al.
[83] prepared microballons of propranolol HCl by the non-aqueous
oil in oil emulsion solvent diffusion evaporation method using
Eudragit RSPO as polymer. The drug release from microballoons
showed a biphasic pattern with an initial burst release, followed by
sustained release for 12 h Abbaspour et al. [84] prepared and
characterized ibuprofen pellets based on Eudragit RSPO and RLPO or
their combination. Eudragit RLPO compare with Eudragit RSPO
resulted in pellets with high crushing strength; however, Eudragit
type did not have a significant effect on elastic modulus.
Literature review on applications of eudragit RS100 suggests

Table 8
Reported literature on Eudragit RS 30D, RSPO, RS 100 and RS 12,5.

Drug name Dosage form/delivery system Method of Preparation Application References

Eudragit RS 30D
Oxymatrine Osmotically driven Pellets Extrusion/Spheronization followed by Gradual sustained release for 12 h [82]
fluid bed coating
Ambroxol hydrochloride Pellets Extrusion-spheronization technology Stable and sustain release formulation [70]
followed by coating
Diclofenac sodium Pellets Powder layering technology and air Retarded the drug release rate and [87]
suspension technique varied according to the type and
amount of plasticizers
Ketoprofen Pellets Extrusion and spheronisation followed Eudragit RS 30 D has the effect to [60]
by coating minimize the initial drug release but
increase the terminal drug release more
significantly.
Diclofenac sodium Pellets Roto-agglomeration Eudragit RS 30 D provided membranes [88]
successfully controlling drug release
over an extended period of 24 h
Eudragit RSPO
Propranolol hydrochloride Microballoons Non-aqueous O/O emulsion solvent Drug release showed a biphasic pattern [83]
diffusion evaporation method with an initial burst release, followed by
sustained release for 12 h
Alfuzosin hydrochloride Tablets Direct compression The release of Alfuzosin was prolonged [89]
for 20 h
Stavudine Microspheres Solvent evaporation method Sustain release [90]
Ibuprofen Pellets Extrusion-spheronization Eudragit RLPO and RSPO did not have a [84]
significant effect on elastic modulus.
Lobenzarit disodium Tablets Direct compression slower release rate [91]
Theophylline Microtablets Rotary tablet press Sustained-release [92]
Eudragit RS 100
Genistein Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) Melt-emulsification technique 3.3-fold increase in corneal penetration [85]
Metformin HCl and Acarbose Bbilayer tablet Solvent evaporation and cogrinding Extended release of metformin HCl for [93]
techniques 12 h from one layer
Verapamil hydrochloride Matrix tablet followed by coating Wet granulation method Coating with eudragit RS100 polymer [94]
minimized initial burst release
Terbinafine hydrochloride positively charged controlled-release Nanopreciptation method Increased drug mean residence time [95]
polymeric Nanoparticles as eye drop and improved its ocular bioavailability
four fold.
Lornoxicam matrix-type transdermal patch Solvent evaporation technique Sustain release and enhanced [86]
bioavailability
Clotrimazole Bioadhesive Vaginal tablets containing Spray drying technique Controlled intravaginal drug release [96]
microspheres
Eudragit RS 12,5
* * * * *
*
No literature found.
42 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45

that it has been used extensively in the formulation of following
types of dosage form vis-a-vis nanoparticle, bilayer tablet, matrix
tablet, transdermal patch, vaginal tablets etc as shown in Table 8.
Zhang et al. [85] formulated nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)
surface modified with Eudragit RS100 Model drug genistein was
selected. NLC was produced using the melt-emulsification tech-
nique followed by surface absorption of Eudragit RS 100. The
Eudragit RS 100 increased the surface zeta potential from 7.46 mV
to þ13.60 mV, by uniformly forming a spherical coating outside the
NLC surface, as shown by transmission electron microscopy images.
Particle size growth was inhibited by Eudragit RS 100. Increased
corneal penetration producing a 3.3-fold increase in apparent
permeability coefficients was attributed to Eudragit RS100. Bavis-
kar et al. [86] prepared matrix-type transdermal drug delivery
system of lornoxicam with the addition of hydrophilic and hydro-
phobic polymers in different ratios. Transdermal patches of lor-
noxicam were designed with ethyl cellulose:polyvinylpyrrolidone
and Eudragit RL 100:Eudragit RS 100 in different ratios with pro-
pylene glycol as plasticizer (5%) and tween 80 as permeation
enhancer using the solvent evaporation technique. It was observed
that both the patches significantly controlled inflammation and
showed analgesic effect from the first hour (P < 0.05). Formulations

Table 9
Patents on applications of Eudragit.

S. No Title of the patent Invention Patent Number Inventors Date References

1 Colonic delivery using zn/
pectin beads with a eudragit
coating.
2 Ursodeoxycholic acid-synthetic
hydrotalcite-eudragit hybrid,
pharmaceutical composition
containing the same and
method for preparing the same
3 Modified release tablet
formulations with enhanced
mechanical properties
4 Curcuminoid complexes with
enhanced stability, solubility
and/or bioavailability
5 Improved stabilization of
misoprostol
6 Sustained release
pharmaceutical composition
7 Colonic delivery of metallo-
dependent enzymes
8 Coated senna extract granules
9 ketoprofen microgranules,
method for preparing same and
pharmaceutical compositions
10 Formulation stabilizer for
proton pump inhibitors
11 Oral drug delivery formulations
The systems include pectin US 20080124279 A. Andremont H. Huguet 05/29/2008 [97]
beads cross linked with zinc or
any divalent cation of interest,
which beads are then coated
with Eudragit®-type polymers.
The ursodeoxycholic acid- US 20120156263 J.H. Choy, G.E. Choi, M. C. Park, H. C. 06/21/2012 [98]
synthetic hydrotalcite-Eudragit Chang
hybrid was used for bitter-
taste-blocking effect and
improved body absorption rate
with high solubility.
Eudragit L100-55 for said US 20070104782 S. H. Amir 02/08/2007 [99]
pharmaceutical formulation C.E. Melissa
which achieves a desired
hardness for tablets made from
the formulation.
Curcuminoid-eudragit US20140271530 H. Tummala, S. Kumar 09/18/2014 [100]
complex, which enhance the
bioavailability of the curcumin
component.
Misoprostol was complexed EP0896823 C. David Tsay, 09/25/2002 [101]
with various grades of Eudragit R. Jen
RS series, Eudragit RL series, Lin Hue In
Eudragit S, Eudragit L., The solid Lu Shu-bin
dispersions were stable 6and
showed sustain release.
Controlled dissolution of the EP0322277 H. Stevens, 01/22/1992 [105]
active principle independently M. Chariot,
of the pH, which consists of F. Arnold,
micro particles containing the G. Lewis
active principle, coated with a
mixture of ethylcellulose and
Eudragit RS.
Pectin beads are crosslinked US 20080199528 A. Andremont, 08/21/2008 [106]
with zinc ions and the pectin H. Huguet
beads are coated with a
Eudragit® polymer.
Senna extract with 20% WO/2011/014976 P. H. Jorge 10.02.2011 [102]
sennosides are granulated with
Eudragit L 100 and then coated
with Eudragit L 30 D 55
ketoprofen micro granules of WO/2000/064432 L. C. Marechal, 11/02/2000 [103]
eudragit RL and RS exhibited D.S. Pascal
prolonged release
The polymeric base is US 20060013880 F. Robert, R. Narayan, Z. Joseph 01/19/2006 [104]
cholestyramine-OH, Eudragit H. Ping
EPO, chitosan, or a mixture
thereof. The composition
stabilizes the benzimidazole
derivative proton pump
inhibitor in a humid
environment
One active substance and at US 20150250733 O. Isa 09/10/2015 [107]
least one coat comprising
Eudragit E The formulation may
be used for releasing up to
about 55% of a total dose as a
loading dose in order to manage
pain.
 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45
A3 and B3 were found to enhance the bioavailability of lornoxicam
by 3.1 and 2.7 times, respectively, compared to the oral dosage
form. Hence, lornoxicam can be formulated into transdermal
patches for sustain release characteristics. As far as Eudragit RS 12,5
is considered no such research article is published in any indexed
research journals.
3. Recent patents on eudragit based formulations
Recent reviews on various patents published on Eudragit based
formulation were collected. It was observed that Eudragit based
formulation has been patented for diversified applications. They are
used for colonic drug delivery, bitter taste masking, improved
hardness, enhanced stability, improved bioavailability, prolonged
drug release etc as shown in Table 9. Antoine et al. [97] prepared
pectin beads cross linked with zinc or any divalent cation for
colonic delivery of drugs. The beads were then coated with
Eudragit- FS 30D, LE 30D and NE 30D. The use of zinc cations to
crosslink the pectin is particularly preferred to provide a stable
metallo-enzyme formulation for the lower intestinal or colonic
delivery of such an enzyme. Choy et al. [98] patented hybrid of
ursodeoxycholic acid-synthetic hydrotalcite-and Eudragit for
bitter-taste-masking and improved body absorption rate with high
solubility. Ursodeoxycholic acid is bitter in taste. The inventors
found that a hybrid obtained by incorporating ursodeoxycholic acid
between the layers of hydrotalcite, which is used as an antacid and
a stomachic, and then coating with Eudragit, which is an enteric
coating, blocks the bitter taste of ursodeoxycholic acid and simul-
taneously shows improvement of dissolution rate and high
bioavailability. Shojaei et al. [99] patented on how the Eudragit
L100-55 played a significant role in achieving desired hardness for
tablets. The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical compo-
sition comprising a pharmaceutically active agent and a Eudragit L
100-55 which is useful to achieve the required release and desired
compressibility. Tummala et al. [100] patented enhancement of
bioavailability of the curcumin by complexing curcuminoid with
Eudragit®. Chen et al. [101] prepared stable and sustain release
solid dispersions of misoprostol with various grades of Eudragit RS
series, Eudragit RL series, Eudragit S and Eudragit L. Periano [102]
patented stable formulation of sennoside by granulation of senna
extract (20% sennosides) with Eudragit L100 and then coated with
Eudragit L 30 D 55. This product was stable for a long time and has
good organoleptic properties (taste and odour). Christophe et al.
[103] patented microgranules of ketoprofen using eudragit RL and
RS for prolonged release. Aqueous dispersions of Eudragit RL and RS
were used for the preparation of microgranules. Robert et al. [104]
attempted to stabilize benzimidazole derivative proton pump in-
hibitors. The present invention provides a composition containing a
benzimidazole derivative proton pump inhibitor and a polymeric
base selected from the group consisting of cholestyramine-OH,
Eudragit E-PO, chitosan, or a mixture thereof. The composition of
the present innovation provides improved stability for the benz-
imidazole derivative proton pump inhibitor under naturally
occurring humidity ranges so that degradation during storage and
in the stomach is minimized. It can be easily manufactured by
directly admixing the benzimidazole derivative proton pump in-
hibitor with the polymeric base.
4. Conclusion
This represents a comprehensive review of 107 references
where various grades of Eudragit were used to develop formula-
tions with widespread applications. The various drugs and tech-
niques used in Eudragit based formulations have been described in
sufficient detail to give the reader a basic understanding about the
43
role of Eudragit in different formulations. Hence this review
manuscript can be used as ready reckoner for researchers to
develop Eudragit based drug delivery systems.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to management and principal, Roland
Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Berhampur, India for support
and encouragement.
References
[1] R.C. Rowe, P.J. Sheskey, M.E. Qinn, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients,
sixth ed., Pharmaceutical Press, USA, 2009.
[2] D.A. Quinteros, L.I. Tartara, S.D. Palma, R.H. Manzo, D.A. Allemandi, Ocular
delivery of flurbiprofen based on eudragit(®)e-flurbiprofen complex
dispersed in aqueous solution: preparation, characterization, in vitro corneal
penetration, and ocular irritation, J. Pharm. Sci. 103 (2014) 3859e3868.
[3] M. Paradkar, V. Thakkar, T. Soni, T. Gandhi, M. Gohel, Formulation and
evaluation ofclotrimazole transdermal spray, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 12
(2015) 1e8.
[4] B.C. Nandy, B. Mazumder, Formulation and characterizations of delayed
release multi particulates system of indomethacin: optimization by response
surface methodology, Curr. Drug Deliv. 1 (2014) 72e86.
[5] M.G. Patil, S.M. Kakade, S.G. Pathade, Formulation and evaluation of orally
disintegrating tablet containing tramadol hydrochloride by mass extrusion
technique, J. App. Pharm. Sci. 01 (2011) 178e181.
[6] S.L. Cantor, M.A. Khan, A. Gupta, Development and optimization of taste-
masked orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of clindamycin hydrochloride,
Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 41 (2015) 1156e1164.
[7] J.M. Salmani, H. Lv, S. Asghar, J. Zhou, Amorphous solid dispersion with
increased gastric solubility in tandem with oral disintegrating tablets: a
successful approach to improve the bioavailability of atorvastatin, Pharm.
Dev. Technol. 20 (2015) 465e472.
[8] P. Khachane, A.A. Date, M.S. Nagarsenker, EudragitEPO nanoparticles:
application in improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing ulcerogenicity of
meloxicam on oral administration, J.Biomed. Nanotechnol. 7 (2011)
590e597.
[9] A. Hasanovic, C. Hollick, K. Fischinger, C. Valenta, Improvement in physico-
chemical parameters of DPPC liposomes and increase in skin permeation of
aciclovir and minoxidil by the addition of cationic polymers, Eur. J. Pharm.
Biopharm. 75 (2010) 148e153.
[10] S. Kalimuthu, A.V. Yadav, Formulation and evaluation of carvedilol loaded
Eudragit E 100 nanoparticles, Int. J. PharmTech. Res. 11 (2009) 179e183.
[11] K. Punitha, S. Khadhir, V. Ravichandiran, et al., Intragastric floating drug
delivery system of ranitidine hydrochloride: formulation and evaluation, Int.
J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2 (2010) 105e108.
[12] F. Yun, A. Kang, J. Shan, et al., Preparation of osthole-polymer solid disper-
sions by hot-melt extrusion for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement,
Int. J. Pharm. 465 (2014) 436e443.
[13] J. Feng, L. Xu, R. Gao, Y. Luo, X. Tang, Evaluation of polymer carriers with
regard to the bioavailability enhancement of bifendate solid dispersions
prepared by hot-melt extrusion, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 38 (2012) 735e743.
[14] B. Chellampillai, A.P. Pawar, Improved bioavailability of orally administered
andrographolidefrom pH-sensitive nanoparticles, Eur. J. Drug Metab. Phar-
macokinet. 35 (2011) 123e129.
[15] R.I. Moustafine, A.V. Bukhovets, A.Y. Sitenkov, V.A. Kemenova, P. Rombaut,
G. Van den Mooter, Eudragit EPO as a complementary material for designing
oral drug delivery systems with controlled release properties: comparative
evaluation of new interpolyelectrolyte complexes with counter charged
eudragit L100 copolymers, Mol. Pharm. 10 (2013) 2630e2641.
[16] P. Li, Z. Yang, Y. Wang, et al., Microencapsulation of coupled folate and
chitosan nanoparticles for targeted delivery of combination drugs to colon,
J. Microencapsul. 32 (2014) 40e45.
[17] R. Sareen, K. Nath, N. Jain, K.L. Dhar, Curcumin loaded microsponges for colon
targeting in inflammatory bowel disease: fabrication, optimization, and
in vitro and pharmacodynamic evaluation, BioMed. Res. Int. Jul. 2014 (2014)
7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/340701 (Epub ahead of print) article Id
340701.
[18] K.M. Hosny, O.A. Ahmed, R.T. Al-Abdali, Enteric-coated alendronate sodium
nanoliposomes: a novel formula to overcome barriers for the treatment of
osteoporosis, Expert. Opin. Drug Deliv. 10 (2013) 741e746.
[19] B. Wilson, P.P. Babubhai, M.S. Sajeev, J.L. Jenita, S.R. Priyadarshini, Sustained
release enteric coated tablets of pantoprazole: formulation, in vitro and
in vivo evaluation, Acta Pharm. 63 (2013) 131e140.
[20] N.A. ElKasabgy, I. Elsayed, A.H. Elshafeey, Design of lipotomes as a novel dual
functioning nanocarrier for bioavailability enhancement of lacidipine: in-
vitro and in-vivo characterization, Int. J. Pharm. 472 (2014) 369e379.
[21] H. Jiang, R. Tian, W. Hu, et al., Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive
floating drug delivery system of dipyridamole, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 41
(2014) 674e680.
44 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45
[22] Y. Zhang, X. Du, Y. Zhang, et al., Thiolated eudragit-based nanoparticles for
oral insulin delivery: preparation, characterization, and evaluation using
intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, Macromol. Biosci. 14 (2014) 842e852.
[23] A.B. Nair, R. Gupta, R. Kumria, S. Jacob, M. Attimarad, Formulation and
evaluation of enteric coated tablets of proton pump inhibitor, J. Basic Clin.
Pharm. 1 (2010) 215e221.
[24] D.I. Nesseem, S.F. Eid, S.S. El-Houseny, Development of novel transdermal
self-adhesive films for tenoxicam, an anti-inflammatory drug, Life. Sci. 89
(2011) 13e14.
[25] E.R. Bendas, J.W. Ayres, Leaky enteric coating on ranitidine hydrochloride
beads: dissolution and prediction of plasma data, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 69
(2008) 977e985.
[26] V. Lotlikar, U. Kedar, S. Shidhaye, V. Kadam, pH-responsive dual pulse mul-
tiparticulate dosage form for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Drug Dev.
Ind. Pharm. 36 (2010) 1295e1302.
[27] M. Maniruzzaman, D. Douroumis, An in-vitro-in-vivo taste assessment of
bitter drug: comparative electronic tongues study, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 67
(2015) 43e55.
[28] L.E. Aguilar, A.R. Unnithan, A. Amarjargal, et al., Electrospun polyurethane/
Eudragit® L100-55 composite mats for the pH dependent release of pacli-
taxel on duodenal stent cover application, Int. J. Pharm. 478 (2014) 1e8.
[29] J.M. DeBarros, T. Scherer, D. Charalampopoulos, V.V. Khutoryanskiy,
A.D. Edwards, A laminated polymer film formulation for enteric delivery of
live vaccine and probiotic bacteria, J. Pharm. Sci. 103 (2014) 2022e2032.
[30] M. Pastor, A. Esquisabel, A. Talavera, et al., An approach to a cold chain free
oral cholera vaccine: in vitro and in vivo characterization of Vibrio cholerae
gastro-resistant microparticles, Int. J. Pharm. 448 (2013) 247e258.
[31] X. Zhang, X. Tang, R. Yang, Development of a tamsulosin hydrochloride
controlled-release capsule consisting of two different coated pellets, Drug
Dev. Ind. Pharm. 35 (2009) 26e33.
[32] X.L. Qi, J.B. Zhu, S.J. Chen, Preparation of tablets containing enteric-coated
diclofenac sodium pellets, Yao Xue Xue Bao 43 (2008) 97e101.
[33] J.H. Lin, C.N. Weng, C.W. Liao, K.S. Yeh, M.J. Pan, Protective effects of oral
microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine prepared by co-
spray drying method, J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65 (2003) 69e74.
[34] A. Gula, L. Ren, Z. Zhou, D. Lu, S. Wang, Design and evaluation of biode-
gradable enteric microcapsules of amifostine for oral delivery, Int. J. Pharm.
453 (2013) 441e447.
[35] S. Hao, B. Wang, Y. Wang, L. Zhu, B. Wang, T. Guo, Preparation of Eudragit L
100-55 enteric nanoparticles by a novel emulsion diffusion method, Colloids
Surf. B Biointerfaces 108 (2013) 127e133.
[36] J.H. Lim, S.K. You, J.S. Baek, et al., Surface-modified gemcitabine with
mucoadhesive polymer for oral delivery, J. Microencapsul. 29 (2012)
487e496.
[37] S.M. Assaf, A.M. Qandil, Fast and pH-dependent release of domperidone from
orally disintegrating tablets, Pharm. Dev. Technol. 8 (2013) 897e905.
[38] S. Thomas, Y.N. Chong, C.S. Chaw, Preparation and characterization of enteric
microparticles by coacervation, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 39 (2013) 1142e1151.
[39] M. Jelvehgari, P. Zakeri-Milani, M.R. Siahi-Shadbad, et al., Development of
pH-sensitive insulin nanoparticles usingEudragit L100-55and chitosan with
different molecular weights, AAPS PharmSciTech. 11 (2010) 1237e1242.
[40] J.R. Madan, N.S. Argade, K. Dua, Formulation and evaluation of transdermal
patches of donepezil, Recent Pat. Drug Deliv. Formul. 9 (2015) 95e103.
[41] B.C. Nandy, B. Mazumder, Formulation and characterizations of delayed
release multi particulates system of indomethacin: optimization by response
surface methodology, Curr. Drug Deliv. 1 (2014) 72e86.
[42] R. Dreu, I. Ilic, S. Srcic, Development of a multiple-unit tablet containing
enteric-coated pellets, Pharm. Dev. Technol. 16 (2011) 118e126.
[43] N. Huyghebaert, A. Vermeire, J.P. Remon, Alternative method for enteric
coating of HPMC capsules resulting in ready-to-use enteric-coated capsules,
Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 21 (2004) 617e623.
[44] M.C. Fontana, A. Beckenkamp, A. Buffon, R.C. Beck, Controlled release of
raloxifene by nanoencapsulation: effect on in vitro antiproliferative activity
of human breast cancer cells, Int. J. Nanomedicine 9 (2014) 2979e2991.
[45] G.M. ElMaghraby, E.M. Elzayat, F.K. Alanazi, Investigation of in situ gelling
alginate formulations as a sustained release vehicle for co-precipitates of
dextromethrophan and Eudragit S 100, Acta Pharm. 64 (2014) 29e44.
[46] A. Jain, V. Pandey, A. Ganeshpurkar, N. Dubey, D. Bansal, Formulation and
characterization of floating microballoons of Nizatidine for effective treat-
ment of gastric ulcers in murine model, Drug Deliv. 22 (2014) 306e311.
[47] G. Rai, A.K. Yadav, N.K. Jain, G.P. Agrawal, Eudragit-coated dextran micro-
spheres of 5-fluorouracil for site-specific delivery to colon, Drug Deliv. 21
(2014) 1e10.
[48] H. Sun, D. Liu, Y. Li, X. Tang, Y. Cong, Preparation and in vitro/in vivo char-
acterization of enteric-coated nanoparticles loaded with the antihyperten-
sive peptide VLPVPR, Int. J. Nanomedicine 9 (2014) 1709e1716.
[49] R. Sareen, N. Jain, K.L. Dhar, Development of colon specific microspheres of
flurbiprofen for inflammatory bowel disease, Curr. Drug Deliv. 10 (2013)
564e571.
[50] S. Kumar, G. Chawla, A.K. Bansal, Spherical crystallization of mebendazole to
improve processability, Pharm. Dev. Technol. 13 (2008) 559e568.
[51] S.U. Kucera, J.C. DiNunzio, N. Kaneko, J.W. Mcginity, Evaluation of Ceolus™
microcrystalline cellulose grades for the direct compression of enteric-
coated pellets, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 38 (2012) 341e350.
[52] P.P. Amrutkar, P.D. Chaudhari, S.B. Patil, Design and in vitro evaluation of
multiparticulate floating drug delivery system of zolpidem tartarate, Colloids
Surf. B Biointerfaces 89 (2012) 182e187.
[53] R. Kumria, A.B. Nair, B.E. Al-Dhubiab, Loratidine buccal films for allergic
rhinitis: development and evaluation, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 40 (2014)
625e631.
[54] R. Kumria, A.B. Nair, G. Goomber, S. Gupta, Buccal films of prednisolone with
enhanced bioavailability, Drug Deliv. 21 (2015) 1e8.
[55] P. Minghetti, F. Cilurzo, A. Casiraghi, F. Molla, L. Montanari, Dermal patches
for the controlled release of miconazole: influence of the drug concentration
on the technological characteristics, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 25 (1999)
679e684.
[56] S.L. Cantor, S.W. Hoag, L.L. Augsburger, Formulation and characterization of a
compacted multiparticulate system for modified release of water-soluble
drugsepart II theophylline and cimetidine, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 35
(2009) 568e582.
[57] Y. Liu, Y. Sun, J. Sun, N. Zhao, M. Sun, Z. He, Preparation and in vitro/in vivo
evaluation of sustained-release venlafaxine hydrochloride pellets, Int. J.
Pharm. 426 (2012) 21e28.
[58] A. Maeda, T. Shinoda, N. Ito, Evaluating tamsulosin hydrochloride-released
microparticles prepared using single-step matrix coating, Int. J. Pharm. 408
(2011) 1e2.
[59] H. He, H. Li, X. Tang, Preparation of pH-dependent modified-release pellets of
urapidil to improve its bioavailability, Pharm. Dev. Technol. 16 (2011)
212e218.
[60] G. Kibria, M.A. Roni, M.S. Absar, R.U. Jalil, Effect of plasticizer on release ki-
netics of diclofenac sodium pellets coated with Eudragit RS30D, AAPS
PharmSciTech 9 (2008) 1240e1246.
[61] L. Meka, A. Thadisetty, V. Vobalaboina, R.Y. Madhusudan, Design and eval-
uation of a novel matrix type multiple units as biphasic gastroretentive drug
delivery systems, AAPS PharmSciTech 9 (2008) 1253e1261.
[62] I. Singh, V. Rana, Iron oxide induced enhancement of mucoadhesive potential
of Eudragit RLPO: formulation, evaluation and optimization of mucoadhesive
drug delivery system, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 10 (2013) 1179e1191.
[63] S. Pandey, P. Jirwankar, S. Mehta, S. Pandit, P. Tripathi, A. Patil, Formulation
and evaluation of bilayeredgastroretentablemucoadhesive patch for
stomach-specific drug delivery, Curr. Drug Deliv. 10 (2013) 374e383.
[64] J. Sahoo, P.N. Murthy, S. Biswal, Manik, Formulation of sustained-release
dosage form of verapamil hydrochloride by solid dispersion technique us-
ing Eudragit RLPO or Kollidon SR, AAPS PharmSciTech 10 (2009) 27e33.
[65] G. Singh, R.S. Pai, Atazanavir-loaded Eudragit RL 100 nanoparticles to
improve oral bioavailability: optimization and in vitro/in vivo appraisal,
Drug Deliv. 25 (2014) 1e8.
[66] K.C. Ofokansi, F.C. Kenechukwu, Formulation development and evaluation of
drug release kinetics from colon-targeted ibuprofen tablets based on
eudragit RL 100-chitosan interpolyelectrolyte complexes, ISRN Pharm. 6
(2013) 1e8.
[67] C.R. Palem, S.K. Battu, S. Maddineni, R. Gannu, M.A. Repka, M.R. Yamsani, Oral
transmucosal delivery of domperidone from immediate release films pro-
duced via hot-melt extrusion technology, Pharm. Dev. Technol. 18 (2013)
186e195.
[68] R. Thakur, G. Swami, M. Rahman, Development and optimization of
controlled release bioerodableanti infective ophthalmic insert, Curr. Drug.
Deliv. 11 (2014) 2e10.
[69] H. Boyapally, R.K. Nukala, D. Douroumis, Development and release mecha-
nism of diltiazem HCl prolonged release matrix tablets, Drug Deliv. 16 (2009)
67e74.
[70] G. Kibria, K.M. Islam, R.U. Jalil, Stability study of ambroxol hydrochloride
sustained release pellets coated with acrylic polymer, Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 22
(2009) 36e43.
[71] A. Gandhi, S. Jana, K.K. Sen, In-vitro release of acyclovir loaded Eudragit RLPO
nanoparticles for sustained drug delivery, Int. J. BiolMacromol. 67 (2014)
478e482.
[72] C.R. Palem, R. Gannu, N. Doodipala, V.V. Yamsini, M.R. Yasmani, Trans-
mucosal delivery of domperidone from bilayered buccal patches: in vitro,
ex vivo and in vivo characterization, Arch. Pharm. Res. 34 (2011) 1701e1710.
[73] J. Varshosaz, H. Faghihian, K. Rastgoo, Preparation and characterization of
metoprolol controlled-release solid dispersions, Drug Deliv. 13 (2006)
295e302.
[74] S. Dahiya, K. Pathak, R. Sharma, Development of extended release coeva-
porates and coprecipitates of promethazine HCl with acrylic polymers:
formulation considerations, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 56 (2008) 504e508.
[75] D. Chen, D. Singh, K.K. Sirkar, R. Pfeffer, Continuous synthesis of polymer-
coated drug particles by porous hollow fiber membrane-based antisolvent
crystallization, Langmuir 31 (2015) 432e441.
[76] H. Roy, C.K. Brahma, S. Nandi, K.R. Parida, Formulation and design of sus-
tained release matrix tablets of metformin hydrochloride: influence of
hypromellose and polyacrylate polymers, Int. J. Appl. Basic Med. Res. 3
(2013) 55e63.
[77] T. Mamatha, R. Venkateswara, K. Mukkanti, G. Ramesh, Development of
matrix type transdermal patches of lercanidipine hydrochloride: physico-
chemical and in-vitro characterization, Daru 18 (2010) 9e16.
[78] B. Mandal, K.S. Alexander, A.T. Riga, Sulfacetamide loaded Eudragit® RL100
nanosuspension with potential for ocular delivery, J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 13
(2010) 510e523.
[79] U.A. Shinde, J.N. Shete, H.A. Nair, K.H. Singh, EudragitRL100 based
 Ch.N. Patra et al. / Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2017) 33e45
microspheres for ocular administration of azelastine hydrochloride,
J. Microencapsul. 29 (2012) 511e519.
[80] E.A. Takmaz, O. Inal, T. Baykara, Studies on transdermal delivery enhance-
ment of zidovudine, AAPS PharmSciTech 10 (2009) 88e97.
[81] R. Pignatello, N. Ricupero, C. Bucolo, F. Maugari, A. Maltese, G. Puglisi,
Preparation and characterization of eudragit retard nanosuspensions for the
ocular delivery of cloricromene, AAPS PharmSciTech 24 (2006) E27.
[82] H. Piao, S. Liu, H. Piao, Development of an osmotically-driven pellet coated
with acrylic copolymers (Eudragit® RS 30D) for the sustained release of
oxymatrine, a freely water soluble drug used to treat stress ulcers (I): in vitro
and in vivo evaluation in rabbits, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 39 (2013)
1230e1237.
[83] A. Porwal, G. Swami, S. Saraf, Preparation and evaluation of sustained release
microballoons of propranolol, Daru 19 (2011) 193e201.
[84] M.R. Abbaspour, F. Sadeghi, H.A. Garekani, Preparation and characterization
of ibuprofen pellets based on Eudragit RS PO and RL PO or their combination,
Int. J. Pharm. 303 (2005) 88e94.
[85] W. Zhang, X. Li, T. Ye, et al., Nanostructured lipid carrier surface modified
with Eudragit RS 100 and its potential ophthalmic functions, Int. J. Nano-
medicine 9 (2014) 4305e4315.
[86] D.T. Baviskar, V.B. Parik, D.J. Jain, Development of matrix-type transdermal
delivery of lornoxicam: in vitro evaluation and pharmacodynamic and
pharmacokinetic studies in albino rats, PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 67 (2013)
9e22.
[87] G. Kibria, K.M. Islam, R.U. Jalil, Stability study of ambroxol hydrochloride
sustained release pellets coated with acrylic polymer, Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 22
(2009) 36e43.
[88] K. Krejcova , M. Rabiskov sek, A. Prokopova
a, D. Vetchý, V. Toma , The effect of
polymeric dispersion type on the release of diclofenac sodium from coated
pellets, Ceska Slov. Farm. 56 (2007) 190e199.
[89] M.A. Roni, G. Kibria, R.F. Jalil, Formulation and in vitro evaluation of alfuzosin
extended release tablets using directly compressible Eudragit, Indian J.
Pharm. Sci. 71 (2009) 252e258.
[90] S.K. Sahoo, S. Dhal, P. Mohapatro, B.C. Behera, B.B. Barik, Effect of processing
temperature on Eudragit RS PO microsphere characteristics in the solvent
evaporation process, Pharmazie 62 (2007) 638e639.
[91] A. Boza, I. Caraballo, J.F. Alvarez, A.M. Rabasco, Evaluation of Eudragit RS-PO
and Ethocel 100 matrices for the controlled release of lobenzarit disodium,
Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 25 (1999) 229e233.
45
[92] H. Rey, K.G. Wagner, P. Wehrle , P.C. Schmidt, Development of matrix-based
theophylline sustained-release microtablets, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 26
(2000) 21e26.
[93] R. Tiwari, A. Gupta, M. Joshi, G. Tiwari, Bilayer tablet formulation of met-
formin HCl and acarbose: a novel approach to control diabetes, PDA J. Pharm.
Sci. Technol. 68 (2014) 138e152.
[94] V. Mathur, K. Nagpal, S.K. Singh, D.N. Mishra, Comparative release profile of
sustained release matrix tablets of verapamil HCl, Int. J. Pharm. Investig. 3
(2013) 60e65.
[95] S.A. Tayel, M.A. El-Nabarawi, M.I. Tadros, W.H. Abd-Elsalam, Positively
charged polymeric nanoparticle reservoirs of terbinafine hydrochloride:
preclinical implications for controlled drug delivery in the aqueous humor of
rabbits, AAPS PharmSciTech 14 (2013) 782e793.
[96] N.V. Gupta, S. Natasha, A. Getyala, R.S. Bhat, Bioadhesive vaginal tablets
containing spray dried microspheres loaded with clotrimazole for treatment
of vaginal candidiasis, Acta Pharm. 63 (2013) 359e372.
[97] A. Antoine, H. He le
ne, Colonic delivery using zn/pectin beads with a eudragit
coating. US Patent: 20080124279. 2008; May 29.
[98] J.H. Choy, G.E. Choi, M.C. Park, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid-synthetic hydro-
talcite-eudragit hybrid, pharmaceutical composition containing the same
and method for preparing the same. US Patent: 20120156263. 2012; Jun 21.
[99] A.H. Shojaei, E.C. Melissa. Modified release tablet formulations with enhanced
mechanical properties. US Patent: 20070104782. 2007; February 08.
[100] H. Tummala, S. Kumar. Curcuminoid complexes with enhanced stability, solu-
bility and/or bioavailability.US Patent: 20140271530. 2014; September 18.
[101] C. David, T. Rong-jen, L. Hue-in. Improved stabilization of misoprostol. Eu-
ropean Patent :0896823. 2002; September 25.
[102] P.H. Jorge. Coated senna extract granules. WO/2011/014976. 2011; October 02.
[103] C. Lebon, D. Marechal, P. Suplie. ketoprofen microgranules, method for
preparing same and pharmaceutical compositions. WO/2000/064432. 2000;
November 11.
[104] F. Robert, R. Narayan, Z. Joseph et al., Formulation stabilizer for proton pump
inhibitors.US Patent :20060013880. 2006; January 19.
[105] H. Stevens, M. Chariot, F. Arnold. Sustained release pharmaceutical compo-
sition. EP0322277. 1992; January 22.
[106] A. Andremont, H. Huguet. Colonic delivery of metallo-dependent enzymes.
US Patent: 20080199528. 2008; August 21.
[107] O. Isa. Oral drug delivery formulations. US Patent: 20150250733. 2015;
September 10.