CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Along with the development of sea transportation, the availability of ship as sea transportation is
a necessity, especially for huge capacity in order to expedite the trade and world economic.

Diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency of every internal or external ignition engine
because of the ratio of compress is very high. Related to the high compression, diesel engine should
be supported by an equipment that can put into and inject the fuel into cylinder, called as injector.
Injector is one of main part of diesel engine, its function is to fumigate and inject fuel into small
and refined object then involved with the air and supported by relative compression and end up
with the process of ignition. Injector is an equipment of diesel engine that should be concerned
and treated periodically. To reach a good quality of injector, engineers should pay attention in
analyzing factors that can cause the damage of injector carefully. In the operation of injector, diesel
engine often experiences some obstacles or damage that cause disturbance of injector work system.
So that, a process of fuel ignition is not working well. The factors of damage or disturbance are
from nozzle which is not working well and some air in the fuel line. When, the injection of fuel is
overdue, control rack and automatic timer are not working. So, the amount of fuel that injected
into cylinder is not same, the fuel that injected is too much, the quality of fuel is not really good
more influence to the components rather than fuel system. The occur of oversize to orifice causes
the process of ignition is not working well because of drip on nozzle. The engine has low
performance because of the compression is in constraint, blow by is happened when the
compression process so the maximum pressure cannot be reached, the oil in carter is dirty rapidly
because of the carbon deposited is more dominant in it and there are more the other disturbances
in the ship of M.T. DAMAI SEJAHTERA 8 and the experience of the writer on July, 7th 2016
when sailed from Bau – bau to Gorontalo, and there was the ascension of exhaust gas temperature
which found in the cylinder number 5, the ascension of temperature is 370ºC, from the conditions
above, it is really necessary to take the action quickly because it will cause disturbance. Based on
the description above, the title of mini thesis is:

THE OPTIMALITATION OF INJECTOR PERFORMANCE ON THE MAIN ENGINE

IN MT. DAMAI SEJAHTERA 8
This mini thesis aims to be a consideration for readers especially in a ship and sail environment,
also the writer and reader realize how important to do treatment and improvement periodically in
a working environmental based on manual book which is available in ship as a working guidance
on ship M.T. DAMAI SEJAHTERA 8.

CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

One of main components of main engine fuel system is injector that its function to inject fuel
into cylinder.

The process of perfect ignition in the cylinder is seen from side of injector depends on the
requirements below:

a. The degree of fuel injection

b. The high temperature to get the perfect ignition from mixed fuel and air
c. The high relative rapidity between particle and air

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research was conducted by writer when the writer did real work practice or sea
practice (PRALA), started from January, 20th 2016 until January 23rd 2017. When the
writer did sea practice, the writer observed and learned the problems that occurred on
the ship specifically, the problem of injector main engine fuel.
 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

Injector fuel in M.T DAMAI SEJAHTERA 8 often experiences some problems that
causes disturbance of ignition process. The process of ignition does not working well and
it causes the capacity of main engine decreased.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

1. The quality of fuel is not good

To avoid getting bad fuel quality in order to create a good performance of main engine
and the ship always operates maximum, so KKM or engineer who has responsibility
should:
a. Giving fuel oil treatment to fuel that has been accepted after bunker
b. Checking receipt bunker which is appropriated with delivery order and receiving
order of good quality fuel also reactivating purifier as separation of fuel from
impurity.
2. Oversize on orifice nozzle
To avoid oversize on the orifice so there will be no drip in nozzle of injector main
engine fuel on the ship, it should take some actions below:
a. Paying attention on fuel election which is appropriated to main engine and it does
not destroy the orifice and nozzle
b. Doing activation of viscosity regulator in the fuel system then keeping and paying
attention every filter and strainer in the fuel system