NEWSLETTER

Nature vs. Nurture Theory: Is It In Our Genes or Our Environment?

Medically Reviewed on 7/25/2017

Table of Contents

What is nature vs. nurture (definitions)?

What is the nature vs. nurture? Who created the theory?

How does nature vs. nurture affect our genes?

What are examples of nature vs. nurture?

How does nature vs. nurture affect our mental and physical health?

Is our intelligence based on nature or nurture?

1/6

What is nature vs. nurture (definitions)?

In the context of the nature vs. nurture debate, “nature” refers to biological/genetic predispositions’
impact on human traits, and nurture describes the influence of learning and other influences from one’s
environment. The debate over whether the strengths and weaknesses of people are the result of nature
or nurture has, and somewhat continues to rage on between scholars and lay people alike. This debate
has had significant social implications, particularly concerning what are thought to determine people’s
ability to learn/intelligence (Lynch, 2016).

NEWSLETTER
Nature vs. Nurture Theory: Is It In Our Genes or Our Environment?

Medically Reviewed on 7/25/2017

Table of Contents

What is nature vs. nurture (definitions)?

What is the nature vs. nurture? Who created the theory?

How does nature vs. nurture affect our genes?

What are examples of nature vs. nurture?

How does nature vs. nurture affect our mental and physical health?

Is our intelligence based on nature or nurture?

1/6

What is nature vs. nurture (definitions)?

In the context of the nature vs. nurture debate, “nature” refers to biological/genetic predispositions’
impact on human traits, and nurture describes the influence of learning and other influences from one’s
environment. The debate over whether the strengths and weaknesses of people are the result of nature
or nurture has, and somewhat continues to rage on between scholars and lay people alike. This debate
has had significant social implications, particularly concerning what are thought to determine people’s
ability to learn/intelligence (Lynch, 2016).

2/6

What is the nature vs. nurture? Who created the theory?

The initial use of the Nature vs. Nurture Theory was credited to psychologist Sir Francis Galton in 1869
(Bynum, 2002). However, it is unclear who initially described the impact of genes and biology versus
environmental influences. Scientists, doctors, researchers, psychologists, behaviorists, and many others
have debated these theories since Hippocrates was alive.
Around 400 B.C.E., Hippocrates described human behaviors as being biological, the result of four
different body fluid types called humors.

Yellow bile

Blood

Black bile

Phlegm

In contrast, many centuries later, philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke independently
thought that people are born as blank slates (i.e. "tabula rasa"), and that their eventual individual
differences develop solely due to the result of environmental influences (Psychology Encyclopedia, 2017;
Duschinsky, 2012; Nesterak, 2015). Twentieth century behavioral psychologist John Watson shared a
similar perspective, believing that the events that take place during early childhood have far more
influence on what kind of adults we become compared to the effects of our genes (Haggbloom et al,
2002).

How does nature vs. nurture affect our genes?

Most conventional theories of nature vs. nurture consider the differences in humans a result of elements
of both your genetic makeup and your environment.

NEWSLETTER

Nature vs. Nurture Theory: Is It In Our Genes or Our Environment?

Medically Reviewed on 7/25/2017

Table of Contents

What is nature vs. nurture (definitions)?

What is the nature vs. nurture? Who created the theory?

How does nature vs. nurture affect our genes?

What are examples of nature vs. nurture?

How does nature vs. nurture affect our mental and physical health?

Is our intelligence based on nature or nurture?

1/6

What is nature vs. nurture (definitions)?

In the context of the nature vs. nurture debate, “nature” refers to biological/genetic predispositions’
impact on human traits, and nurture describes the influence of learning and other influences from one’s
environment. The debate over whether the strengths and weaknesses of people are the result of nature
or nurture has, and somewhat continues to rage on between scholars and lay people alike. This debate
has had significant social implications, particularly concerning what are thought to determine people’s
ability to learn/intelligence (Lynch, 2016).

2/6

What is the nature vs. nurture? Who created the theory?

The initial use of the Nature vs. Nurture Theory was credited to psychologist Sir Francis Galton in 1869
(Bynum, 2002). However, it is unclear who initially described the impact of genes and biology versus
environmental influences. Scientists, doctors, researchers, psychologists, behaviorists, and many others
have debated these theories since Hippocrates was alive.

Around 400 B.C.E., Hippocrates described human behaviors as being biological, the result of four
different body fluid types called humors.

Yellow bile
Blood

Black bile

Phlegm

In contrast, many centuries later, philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke independently
thought that people are born as blank slates (i.e. "tabula rasa"), and that their eventual individual
differences develop solely due to the result of environmental influences (Psychology Encyclopedia, 2017;
Duschinsky, 2012; Nesterak, 2015). Twentieth century behavioral psychologist John Watson shared a
similar perspective, believing that the events that take place during early childhood have far more
influence on what kind of adults we become compared to the effects of our genes (Haggbloom et al,
2002).

Phobias:What Are You Afraid Of?

Phobias Slideshow Pictures

Depression:Tips for Exercise Diet and Stress Reduction

Depression Tips Slideshow

Concentration Killers:Brain Drains of Modern Life

Top Concentration Killers Slideshow

3/6

How does nature vs. nurture affect our genes?

Most conventional theories of nature vs. nurture consider the differences in humans a result of elements
of both your genetic makeup and your environment.

4/6
What are examples of nature vs. nurture?

While certain physical traits like skin and eye color and diseases like sickle cell anemia and Huntington’s
chorea have been found to be the result of direct genetic inheritance, virtually any pattern of thinking or
behavior can be understood from the perspective of a combination of nature and nurture. In the animal
kingdom, domestication of many species is understood to be the result of encouraging domesticated
behaviors (nurture), then having animals that most successfully adopt those behaviors breed with each
other so it becomes part of their nature (Bouchard, 1994).

In humans, many studies in more than the past 20 years involve identical or fraternal twins who are
separated at birth. The question of nature vs. nurture somewhat continues to be debated concerning
human behavior, intelligence, and in the development of personality traits (Psychology Encyclopedia,
2017).

NEWSLETTER

Nature vs. Nurture Theory: Is It In Our Genes or Our Environment?

Medically Reviewed on 7/25/2017

Table of Contents

What is nature vs. nurture (definitions)?

What is the nature vs. nurture? Who created the theory?

How does nature vs. nurture affect our genes?

What are examples of nature vs. nurture?

How does nature vs. nurture affect our mental and physical health?

Is our intelligence based on nature or nurture?

1/6
What is nature vs. nurture (definitions)?

In the context of the nature vs. nurture debate, “nature” refers to biological/genetic predispositions’
impact on human traits, and nurture describes the influence of learning and other influences from one’s
environment. The debate over whether the strengths and weaknesses of people are the result of nature
or nurture has, and somewhat continues to rage on between scholars and lay people alike. This debate
has had significant social implications, particularly concerning what are thought to determine people’s
ability to learn/intelligence (Lynch, 2016).

2/6

What is the nature vs. nurture? Who created the theory?

The initial use of the Nature vs. Nurture Theory was credited to psychologist Sir Francis Galton in 1869
(Bynum, 2002). However, it is unclear who initially described the impact of genes and biology versus
environmental influences. Scientists, doctors, researchers, psychologists, behaviorists, and many others
have debated these theories since Hippocrates was alive.

Around 400 B.C.E., Hippocrates described human behaviors as being biological, the result of four
different body fluid types called humors.

Yellow bile

Blood

Black bile

Phlegm

In contrast, many centuries later, philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke independently
thought that people are born as blank slates (i.e. "tabula rasa"), and that their eventual individual
differences develop solely due to the result of environmental influences (Psychology Encyclopedia, 2017;
Duschinsky, 2012; Nesterak, 2015). Twentieth century behavioral psychologist John Watson shared a
similar perspective, believing that the events that take place during early childhood have far more
influence on what kind of adults we become compared to the effects of our genes (Haggbloom et al,
2002).

Phobias:What Are You Afraid Of?

Phobias Slideshow Pictures

Depression:Tips for Exercise Diet and Stress Reduction

Depression Tips Slideshow

Concentration Killers:Brain Drains of Modern Life

Top Concentration Killers Slideshow

3/6

How does nature vs. nurture affect our genes?

Most conventional theories of nature vs. nurture consider the differences in humans a result of elements
of both your genetic makeup and your environment.

4/6

What are examples of nature vs. nurture?

While certain physical traits like skin and eye color and diseases like sickle cell anemia and Huntington’s
chorea have been found to be the result of direct genetic inheritance, virtually any pattern of thinking or
behavior can be understood from the perspective of a combination of nature and nurture. In the animal
kingdom, domestication of many species is understood to be the result of encouraging domesticated
behaviors (nurture), then having animals that most successfully adopt those behaviors breed with each
other so it becomes part of their nature (Bouchard, 1994).

In humans, many studies in more than the past 20 years involve identical or fraternal twins who are
separated at birth. The question of nature vs. nurture somewhat continues to be debated concerning
human behavior, intelligence, and in the development of personality traits (Psychology Encyclopedia,
2017).

5/6

How does nature vs. nurture affect our mental and physical health?

It is understood that certain physical traits, as well as the susceptibility to most physical and mental
health disorders tend to run in families. Specifically, whatever illnesses your parents, grandparents,
siblings, and other biological family members have does not guarantee you will inherit them, but it does
increase the likelihood that you may develop them.

On the other hand, it is understood that environmental factors often have a significant effect on whether
or not you develop the health problems that run in your family. (You can change your gene expressions).

A couple of examples of how the environment (nurture) can provide a benefit, and possibly decrease
your risk in getting an illness from your family are:

If you are at risk for heart disease or diabetes, eat a healthy diet and exercise.

If you are at risk for other conditions, for example, breast or colon cancer, get regular health screenings
like mammograms and colonoscopies per your doctor's recommendations.

Examples of how negative environmental influences can affect genetic expression include:

Exposure to community violence increasing the likelihood of anxiety

Depression and negative behaviors

Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke may develop cancers more often than those who do
not have that experience (Nesterak, 2015).

NEWSLETTER

Nature vs. Nurture Theory: Is It In Our Genes or Our Environment?

Medically Reviewed on 7/25/2017

Table of Contents

What is nature vs. nurture (definitions)?

What is the nature vs. nurture? Who created the theory?

How does nature vs. nurture affect our genes?

What are examples of nature vs. nurture?

How does nature vs. nurture affect our mental and physical health?

Is our intelligence based on nature or nurture?

1/6

What is nature vs. nurture (definitions)?

In the context of the nature vs. nurture debate, “nature” refers to biological/genetic predispositions’
impact on human traits, and nurture describes the influence of learning and other influences from one’s
environment. The debate over whether the strengths and weaknesses of people are the result of nature
or nurture has, and somewhat continues to rage on between scholars and lay people alike. This debate
has had significant social implications, particularly concerning what are thought to determine people’s
ability to learn/intelligence (Lynch, 2016).

2/6
What is the nature vs. nurture? Who created the theory?

The initial use of the Nature vs. Nurture Theory was credited to psychologist Sir Francis Galton in 1869
(Bynum, 2002). However, it is unclear who initially described the impact of genes and biology versus
environmental influences. Scientists, doctors, researchers, psychologists, behaviorists, and many others
have debated these theories since Hippocrates was alive.

Around 400 B.C.E., Hippocrates described human behaviors as being biological, the result of four
different body fluid types called humors.

Yellow bile

Blood

Black bile

Phlegm

In contrast, many centuries later, philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke independently
thought that people are born as blank slates (i.e. "tabula rasa"), and that their eventual individual
differences develop solely due to the result of environmental influences (Psychology Encyclopedia, 2017;
Duschinsky, 2012; Nesterak, 2015). Twentieth century behavioral psychologist John Watson shared a
similar perspective, believing that the events that take place during early childhood have far more
influence on what kind of adults we become compared to the effects of our genes (Haggbloom et al,
2002).

Phobias:What Are You Afraid Of?

Phobias Slideshow Pictures

Depression:Tips for Exercise Diet and Stress Reduction

Depression Tips Slideshow

Concentration Killers:Brain Drains of Modern Life

Top Concentration Killers Slideshow

3/6

How does nature vs. nurture affect our genes?

Most conventional theories of nature vs. nurture consider the differences in humans a result of elements
of both your genetic makeup and your environment.

4/6

What are examples of nature vs. nurture?

While certain physical traits like skin and eye color and diseases like sickle cell anemia and Huntington’s
chorea have been found to be the result of direct genetic inheritance, virtually any pattern of thinking or
behavior can be understood from the perspective of a combination of nature and nurture. In the animal
kingdom, domestication of many species is understood to be the result of encouraging domesticated
behaviors (nurture), then having animals that most successfully adopt those behaviors breed with each
other so it becomes part of their nature (Bouchard, 1994).

In humans, many studies in more than the past 20 years involve identical or fraternal twins who are
separated at birth. The question of nature vs. nurture somewhat continues to be debated concerning
human behavior, intelligence, and in the development of personality traits (Psychology Encyclopedia,
2017).

5/6

How does nature vs. nurture affect our mental and physical health?
It is understood that certain physical traits, as well as the susceptibility to most physical and mental
health disorders tend to run in families. Specifically, whatever illnesses your parents, grandparents,
siblings, and other biological family members have does not guarantee you will inherit them, but it does
increase the likelihood that you may develop them.

On the other hand, it is understood that environmental factors often have a significant effect on whether
or not you develop the health problems that run in your family. (You can change your gene expressions).

A couple of examples of how the environment (nurture) can provide a benefit, and possibly decrease
your risk in getting an illness from your family are:

If you are at risk for heart disease or diabetes, eat a healthy diet and exercise.

If you are at risk for other conditions, for example, breast or colon cancer, get regular health screenings
like mammograms and colonoscopies per your doctor's recommendations.

Examples of how negative environmental influences can affect genetic expression include:

Exposure to community violence increasing the likelihood of anxiety

Depression and negative behaviors

Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke may develop cancers more often than those who do
not have that experience (Nesterak, 2015).

6/6

Is our intelligence based on nature or nurture?

As with most human traits, intelligence is now understood to be the result of some combination of both
nature and nurture. While genes have a great influence on the size and biochemistry of the brain, its full
development does not usually occur until after the first 20 years of life. Also, the heredity of intelligence
tends to vary between different aspects of cognition.
Intelligence and subsequent learning also are viewed as being largely molded by the environment the
person grows up in, both before and after birth. (European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2007;
Kan et al, 2013). Therefore, to reduce your risk of inheriting diseases or illness from your family (or
passing them on to your children):

Eat a healthy diet.

If you are pregnant, don't drink alcohol or use other illegal drugs. Check with your doctor or pharmacist
to make sure that any current drugs or supplements you are taking will not harm your baby.

It is imperative to have safe communities and schools that nurture learning and confidence for all
children so that the quest can continue to promote high cognitive development in each child.