DISEÑO DE LOSA ALIGERADA

DATOS: DISEÑO PARA 5 TRAMOS

Esfuerzos: Longitudes:
f'c= 210 kg/cm 2
L1 = 3.52 m.
Fy = 4200 kg/cm 2
L2 = 3.52 m.
L3 = 3.51 m.
L4 = 3.51 m.

L5 = 3.56 m.

.25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25

3.52 m. 3.52 m. 3.51 m. 3.51 m. 3.56 m.

SOLUCION:

1) Espesor del Aligerado:

L = 3.5 = 0.18 m.
20

Trabajaremos con h = 20.00 cm.

2) Cargas:
a) Por Carga Muerta

P. Propio = 300 kg/m2

 Acabado = 100 kg/m2

Tab. Mobil = 100 kg/m2

500 kg/m2

Wd = 500 / 2.5 = 200 kg/ml / 2.5 Para C/Vigueta

b) Por Carga Viva

Sobrecarga = 250 kg/m2 Para Oficinas Según: R.N.C.

500 / 2.5 =
Wl = 100 kg/ml

Wu = 1.4Wd + 1.7Wl = 450 kg/ml

3) Momentos:
Por el Método de Analisis Aproximado ACI
Apoyos

1: Mu1 = - 1/24 x Wu x L12 = 232.32 kg - m

2: Mu2 = - 1/10 x Wu x ((L1+L2)/2)2 = 557.57 kg - m

3: Mu3 = - 1/11 x Wu x ((L2+L3)/2)2 = 505.44 kg - m

4: Mu4 = - 1/11 x Wu x ((L3+L4)/2)2 = 504.00 kg - m

5: Mu5 = - 1/10 x Wu x (L4+L5)/2)2 = 562.33 kg - m
6: Mu6 = - 1/24 x Wu x L52 = 237.63 kg - m
Tramos

1-2 : Mu1-2 = -1/11 x Wu x L1 2 = 506.88 kg - m

 2-3 : Mu2-3 = -1/16 x Wu x L 2 2 = 348.48 kg - m
3-4 : Mu3-4 = -1/16 x Wu x L 3 2= 346.50 kg - m
2
4-5 : Mu4-5 = -1/16 x Wu x L 4 = 346.50 kg - m
5-6 : Mu5-6 = -1/11 x Wu x L 5 2= 518.47 kg - m

4) Tipo de Falla:

2
Mu Max = 0.233 f 'c x b x d
Mu Max = 1414.077 kg - m

Mu max = 1414.077 kg - m >Mub 562.33 kg - m

Falla a la Fluencia ó Falla Dúctil

5) Area de Acero:

i) Acero Mínimo

As min.= 14/fy x b x d = 0.57 cm 2

Usaremos como mínimo: 1 O 3/8 ( 0.71 cm 2 )

ii) Acero de Temperatura

Ast = 0.0018 b x h = 0.0018 x 100 x 5 = 0.90 cm 2

1 O 1/4 @ 0.32 x 100 = 35.6 cm.
0.90
Espaciamiento Máximo :
5 hf ó 45 cm.
5 x 5 ó 45 cm.
25 cm. ó 45 cm.
Úsaremos : 1 O 1/4 @ 25 cm.
 iii) Acero en los Apoyos

EN LOS APOYOS ( Momentos Negativos )

Apoyo : 1 Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 0.232 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90 fy (d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 3.40 As = 0.40 a= 0.95 As = 0.37 cm2

2° a= 0.95 As = 0.37 a= 0.87 1 f 3/8 "

3° a= 0.87 As = 0.37 a= 0.87
Usaremos: ( 0.71 cm2 )

Apoyo : 2 Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 0.558 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90 fy (d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 3.40 As = 0.96 a= 2.27 As = 0.93 cm2

2° a= 2.27 As = 0.93 a= 2.19 1 f 1/2 "
3° a= 2.19 As = 0.93 a= 2.18
Usaremos: ( 1.29 cm2 )

Apoyo : 3 Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 0.505 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90 fy (d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 3.40 As = 0.87 a= 2.06 As = 0.83 cm2

2° a= 2.06 As = 0.84 a= 1.97 1 f 1/2 "
3° a= 1.97 As = 0.83 a= 1.96

Usaremos: ( 1.29 cm2 )

Apoyo : 4 Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 0.504 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90 fy (d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 3.40 As = 0.87 a= 2.05 As = 0.83 cm2

2° a= 2.05 As = 0.83 a= 1.96 1 f 1/2 "

3° a= 1.96 As = 0.83 a= 1.96
Usaremos: ( 1.29 cm2 )

Apoyo : 5 Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 0.562 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90 fy (d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 3.40 As = 0.97 a= 2.29 As = 0.94 cm2

2° a= 2.29 As = 0.94 a= 2.21 1 f 1/2 "

3° a= 2.21 As = 0.94 a= 2.20
Usaremos: ( 1.29 cm2 )

Apoyo : 6 Se asume: a = 0.2d

 Mu : 0.238 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90 fy (d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 3.40 As = 0.41 a= 0.97 As = 0.38 cm2

2° a= 0.97 As = 0.38 a= 0.90 1 f 3/8 "

3° a= 0.90 As = 0.38 a= 0.89

Usaremos: ( 0.71 cm2 )

EN LOS TRAMOS ( Momentos Positivos )

Tramo : 1-2 b= 40 cm.

Mu : 0.507 tn-m a = hf = 5 cm. a < hf Conforme
Por Tanteos : Se diseña como Viga Rectangular de Ancho b = 40 cm.

1° a= 3.40 As = 0.88 a= 0.52 As = 0.80 cm2

2° a= 0.52 As = 0.80 a= 0.47 1 f 1/2 "

3° a= 0.47 As = 0.80 a= 0.47
Usaremos: ( 1.29 cm2 )

Tramo : 2-3 b= 40 cm.

Mu : 0.348 tn-m a = hf = 5 cm. a < hf Conforme
Por Tanteos :
1° a= 3.40 As = 0.60 a= 0.35 As = 0.55 cm2
2° a= 0.35 As = 0.55 a= 0.32 1 f 3/8 "
3° a= 0.32 As = 0.55 a= 0.32
Usaremos: ( 0.71 cm2 )

Tramo : 3-4 b= 40 cm.

Mu : 0.347 tn-m a = hf = 5 cm. a < hf Conforme
Por Tanteos :
1° a= 3.40 As = 0.60 a= 0.35 As = 0.54 cm2
2° a= 0.35 As = 0.54 a= 0.32 1 f 3/8 "
3° a= 0.32 As = 0.54 a= 0.32
Usaremos: ( 0.71 cm2 )

Tramo : 4-5 b= 40 cm.

Mu : 0.347 tn-m a = hf = 5 cm. a < hf Conforme
Por Tanteos :
1° a= 3.40 As = 0.60 a= 0.35 As = 0.54 cm2
2° a= 0.35 As = 0.54 a= 0.32 1 f 3/8 "
3° a= 0.32 As = 0.54 a= 0.32
Usaremos: ( 0.71 cm2 )

Tramo : 5-6 b= 40 cm.

Mu : 0.518 tn-m a = hf = 5 cm. a < hf Conforme
Por Tanteos :
1° a= 3.40 As = 0.90 a= 0.53 As = 0.82 cm2
2° a= 0.53 As = 0.82 a= 0.48 1 f 1/2 "
3° a= 0.48 As = 0.82 a= 0.48
Usaremos: ( 1.29 cm2 )
6) Verificación al Corte:

Corte Ultimo ( vu ) = 1.15 x Wu x L / 2 = 921

Corte a "d" de cara = 1.15 x Wu x L / 2 - Wu * d = 845

b= 10 cm.

Corte Admisible (vud) = 1.1 O 0.53 f 'c b d = 1221

Verificación : vud > vuc , OK

 DISEÑO DE VIGAS

I. VIGAS PRINCIPALES
NIVEL : 1 EJE : 3
Sección ( cm ) : 25 x 45
f 'c ( kg / cm2 ) : 210
fy ( kg / cm2 ) : 4200

EN LOS APOYOS ( Momentos Negativos )

Apoyo : A Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 13.60 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90f'c(d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 7.80 As = 10.25 a= 9.65 As = 10.57 cm2

2°
3°
a=
a=
9.65
9.91
As =
As =
10.53
10.57
a=
a=
9.91
9.95 Usaremos: 6 f 5/8
Asmin= 3.25 cm2
( 12.00 cm2 )

Apoyo : B Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 16.78 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90f'c(d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 7.80 As = 12.65 a= 11.90 As = 13.58 cm2

2°
3°
a=
a=
11.90
12.64
As =
As =
13.43
13.58
a=
a=
12.64
12.79 Usaremos: 7 f 5/8
Asmin= 3.25 cm2
( 14.00 cm2 )
 ( 14.00 cm2 )

Apoyo : C Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 16.32 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90f'c(d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 7.80 As = 12.30 a= 11.58 As = 13.13 cm2

2°
3°
a=
a=
11.58
12.24
As =
As =
13.00
13.13
a=
a=
12.24
12.36 Usaremos: 7 f 5/8
Asmin= 3.25 cm2
( 14.00 cm2 )

Apoyo : D Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 14.97 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90f'c(d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 7.80 As = 11.28 a= 10.62 As = 11.83 cm2

2°
3°
a=
a=
10.62
11.06
As =
As =
11.76
11.83
a=
a=
11.06
11.14 Usaremos: 5 f 3/4
Asmin= 3.25 cm2
( 14.20 cm2 )

EN LOS TRAMOS ( Momentos Positivos )

Tramo : A-B Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 11 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90f'c(d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 7.80 As = 8.29 a= 7.80 As = 8.29 cm2

2°
3°
a=
a=
7.80
7.80
As =
As =
8.29
8.29
a=
a=
7.80
7.80 Usaremos: 5 f 5/8
Asmin= 3.25 cm2
( 10.00 cm2 )
 ( 10.00 cm2 )

Tramo : B-C Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 16.59 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90f'c(d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 7.80 As = 12.50 a= 11.77 As = 13.40 cm2

2°
3°
a=
a=
11.77
12.47
As =
As =
13.25
13.40
a=
a=
12.47
12.61 Usaremos: 7 f 5/8
Asmin= 3.25 cm2
( 14.00 cm2 )

Tramo : C-D Se asume: a = 0.2d

Mu : 4.05 tn-m luego: As = Mu / ( 0.90f'c(d-a/2))
Por Tanteos : se evalua: a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b )

1° a= 7.80 As = 3.05 a= 2.87 As = 2.85 cm2

2°
3°
a=
a=
2.87
2.68
As =
As =
2.85
2.85
a=
a=
2.68
2.68 Usaremos: 2 f 5/8
Asmin= 3.25 cm2
( 4.00 cm2 )

ACERO MAXIMO ( Para 0.75 Pb = ( 0.32 x f 'c / fy ) x b x d ) : 15.60 cm2

ACERO MÍNIMO ( ( 14 / Fy ) x b x d ) : 3.25 cm2
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 DISEÑO DE VIGAS

II. VIGAS SECUNDARIAS

NIVEL : 1 EJE : A
Sección ( cm ) : 25 x 55
f 'c ( kg / cm2 ) : 210
fy ( kg / cm2 ) : 4200

EN LOS APOYOS ( Momentos Negativos )

1 a = 0.2 d
Apoyo :
Mu : 10.4 tn-m As = Mu a = As fy
Por Tanteos : 0.90 f'c ( d-a/2) 0.85f'c b

1° a= 9.80 As = 6.24 a= 5.87 As = 5.96 cm2

f
2° a= 5.87 As = 5.97 a= 5.62
3° a= 5.62 As = 5.96 a= 5.61 3 5/8 "
( 6.00 cm2 )

Apoyo : 2
Mu 16.32 tn-m
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 9.80 As = 9.79 a= 9.21 As = 9.72 cm2

f
2° a= 9.21 As = 9.73 a= 9.15
3° a= 9.15 As = 9.72 a= 9.15 5 5/8 "
( 10.00 cm2 )
 ( 10.00 cm2 )

Apoyo : 3
Mu 16.32 tn-m
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 9.80 As = 9.79 a= 9.21 As = 9.72 cm2

f
2° a= 9.21 As = 9.73 a= 9.15
3° a= 9.15 As = 9.72 a= 9.15 5 5/8 "
( 10.00 cm2 )

Apoyo : 4
Mu 16.32 tn-m
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 9.80 As = 9.79 a= 9.21 As = 9.72 cm2

f
2° a= 9.21 As = 9.73 a= 9.15
3° a= 9.15 As = 9.72 a= 9.15 5 5/8 "
( 10.00 cm2 )

Apoyo : 5
Mu 16.32 tn-m
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 9.80 As = 9.79 a= 9.21 As = 9.72 cm2

f
2° a= 9.21 As = 9.73 a= 9.15
3° a= 9.15 As = 9.72 a= 9.15 5 5/8 "
( 10.00 cm2 )
 ( 10.00 cm2 )

EN LOS TRAMOS ( Momentos Positivos )

Tramo : 1-2
Mu 13 tn-m
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 9.80 As = 7.80 a= 7.34 As = 7.57 cm2

f
2° a= 7.34 As = 7.59 a= 7.14
3° a= 7.14 As = 7.57 a= 7.12 4 5/8 "
( 8.00 cm2 )

Tramo : 2-3
Mu 16.32 tn-m
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 9.80 As = 9.79 a= 9.21 As = 9.72 cm2

f
2° a= 9.21 As = 9.73 a= 9.15
3° a= 9.15 As = 9.72 a= 9.15 5 5/8 "
( 10.00 cm2 )

Tramo : 3-4
Mu 16.32 tn-m
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 9.80 As = 9.79 a= 9.21 As = 9.72 cm2

 f
2° a= 9.21 As = 9.73 a= 9.15
3° a= 9.15 As = 9.72 a= 9.15 5 5/8 "
( 10.00 cm2 )

Tramo : 4-5
Mu 16.32 tn-m
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 9.80 As = 9.79 a= 9.21 As = 9.72 cm2

f
2° a= 9.21 As = 9.73 a= 9.15
3° a= 9.15 As = 9.72 a= 9.15 5 5/8 "
( 10.00 cm2 )

ACERO MAXIMO ( Para 0.75 Pb = ( 0.32 x f 'c / fy ) x b x d ) : 19.60 cm2

ACERO MÍNIMO ( ( 14 / Fy ) x b x d ) : 4.08 cm2
 DISEÑO DE ESCALERA DE 1 ó 2 TRAMOS

Datos:
f ´c = 175 kg/cm2 L = 3.90 m.
fy = 4200 kg/cm2 P = 0.25 m. Cos a = 0.81
Cp = 0.18 m. <

1. Espesor de Losa:

* 1/20 L ó 1/30 L 0.20 ó 0.13 m.

*4xL ó 3xL 0.16 ó 0.15 m.

ACI:

t > L/28 0.14 m. ( Evita el control de la Deflexión )

Tomo : t = 15 cm.

2. Cargas:
Carga Muerta:

RAMPA: Peso Losa: 2400 ( cp/2 + t/cos a ) = 659.6041479 kg/m2

Peso Acabado: 100 kg/m2

Ancho= 0.90 m. Wd1 = 759.6041479 kg/m2x 0.90
 Wd1 = 683.6437331 kg/m

DESCANSO: Peso Losa: 360 kg/m2

Peso Acabado: 100 kg/m2

Wd2 = 460 kg/m2x 0.90
ancho= 0.90 m. Wd2 = 414 kg/m

Adoptamos para el Diseño

Conservadoramente: Wd = 683.6437331 kg/m
Carga Viva ( 500 kg/m2): Wl = 450 kg/m

Carga Última: 1.4 x 683.6437331 + 1.7 x 450 Wu = 1722.101226 kg.

3. Momentos Últimos:

Apoyos: 1/24 Wu L2 = 1091.381652 kg - m (V.P.)

1/16 Wu L 2 = 1637.072478 kg - m (V.Ch.)

Tramos: 1/10 Wu L2 = 2619.315965 kg - m

4. Area de Acero:
a = 0.2 d

Tramo: As = Mu a = As fy
Mu 2.619315965 tn-m 0.90 f'c ( d-a/2) 0.85f'c b
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 2.40 As = 6.42 a= 1.81 As = 6.23 cm2

f
2° a= 1.81 As = 6.25 a= 1.76
3° a= 1.76 As = 6.23 a= 1.76 1/2 @ 1.29x100 / 6.23 = 20.7 cm.

#REF! Usaremos: f 1/2 " @ 20 cm.

Apoyos:
Apoyos 1 : Viga Peraltada
Mu 1.091381652 tn-m
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 2.40 As = 2.67 a= 0.75 As = 2.48 cm2

2° a= 0.75 As = 2.48 a= 0.70
3° a= 0.70 As = 2.48 a= 0.70 f 3/8 @ 0.71x100 / 2.48 = 28.6 cm.

Usaremos: f 3/8 " @ 25 cm.

Apoyo 2 : Viga Chata

Mu 1.637072478 tn-m
Por Tanteos :

1° a= 2.40 As = 4.01 a= 1.13 As = 3.78 cm2

f
2° a= 1.13 As = 3.79 a= 1.07
3/8 @ 0.71x100 / 3.78
 3° a= 1.07 As = 3.78 a= 1.07 f 3/8 @ 0.71x100 / 3.78 = 18.8 cm.
32.87
Usaremos: f 3/8 " @ 10 cm.

As min: 0.0018 x b x d = 0.0018 x 100 x 12 = 2.16 cm2 < As OK

( Acero de Temperatura )
f 3/8" @ 30 cm.

5. Verificación por Corte:

Fuerza Cortante:
Vu = 0.5 x Pu x L = 3358.09739 kg.

Esfuerzo Cortante
vu = Vu / bxd = 2.80 kg /cm2
Aplicado:

Esfuerzo Cortante vuc = f 0.53 f´c = 5.96 kg/cm2

Admisible:

como: vuc > vu , OK