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Assignment 1

State – a community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of
territory having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience,
and enjoying freedom from external control.

Elements of a State:

1. People – inhabitants living within the state.

2. Government – the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried
out.

3. Territory – includes not only the fixed portion of land over which the jurisdiction of the state extends
(territorial domain), but also the rivers and lakes therein, a certain area of the sea which abuts upon its
coasts (fluvial and maritime domain) and the air space above the land and the waters (aerial domain).

4. Sovereignty – supreme powers of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from the
people within its jurisdiction and corollary, to have freedom from foreign controls. It has 2
manifestations: (1) internal or the power of the state to rule within its territory, and (2) external or
independence or the so-called freedom of the state to carry out its activities without subjection to or
control by other states.

Domains of Territory:

1. Territorial or terrestrial domain

2. Fluvial domain

3. Maritime domain

4. Aerial domain

Forms of Government:

1. As to number of persons exercising sovereign or political powers


a. Monarchy
b. Aristocracy
c. Democracy
2. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government
a. Unitary government
b. Federal government
3. As to relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the government
a. Parliamentary government
b. Presidential government
Presidential Government

a.Advantages

-It has executive and legislative branches that are separate but watch over each other

-President is more stable than Prime Minister

b.Disadvantages

-It is nearly impossible to remove an unpopular president

-It is hard to reach an agreement when President and legislative from different parties

-Some presidents become all-powerful and authoritarian

Parliamentary Government

a.Advantages

-Making laws is easier because the prime minister and legislature comes from the same party

-Prime minister holds the executive branchso legislation can quickly become law and be
enforced

b.Disadvantages

-Can be unstable because vote of no confidence can happen any time

-Prime minister is powerful

-Prime minister lacks public support like the elected president

The Philippines, a democratic and republican Section 1


State

Sovereignty of the People

Right of the people to revolt


Renunciation of war as an instrument of Section 2
national policy

Adoption of the generally accepted principles of


international law as part of our law

Adherence to the policy of peace, etc., with all


nations
Supremacy of civilian authority over the military Section 3
Armed forces of the Philippines, protector of the
people and state
Prime duty of the government Section 4

Defense of the state by the people against


foreign aggression

Military and civil service by the people


Maintenance of peace and order, etc. Section 5
Principle of separation of church and state Section 6

Meaning of “establishment of religion clause”

No hostility towards religion

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