Kinematika dan dinamika

1st half of semester

Lecture note #5: Circular motion

Dr. Eng. Radon Dhelika

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Date Topic
5 Feb Intro, displacement, average velocity
kelas 01
6 Feb Instantaneous velocity, acceleration
12 Feb Analysis and sketching of graphs, integration & differentiation
13 Feb Quiz #1, selingan
19 Feb No class
20 Feb Freely falling bodies, projectile motion
26 Feb Projectile motion, rectangular coordinates
27 Feb Circular motion
5 Mar Quiz #2, selingan
6 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (1)
12 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (2)
13 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (3)
19 Mar Quiz #3, selingan
20 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (4)
26 Mar No class
27 Mar UTS 2
Date Topic
8 Feb Intro, displacement, average velocity
kelas 02
9 Feb Instantaneous velocity, acceleration
15 Feb Motion with constant acceleration, integration & differentiation
16 Feb Holiday
22 Feb Quiz #1, selingan
23 Feb No class
1 Mar Freely falling bodies, projectile motion
2 Mar Projectile motion, rectangular coordinates
8 Mar Quiz #2, selingan
9 Mar Circular motion
15 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (1)
16 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (2)
22 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (3)
23 Mar Quiz #3, selingan
29 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (4)
30 Mar UTS 3
Recap of previous note
 Centripetal acceleration

• Acceleration is perpendicular to the

uniform circular motion
velocity
• Velocity is constant
• Centripetal = “seeking the center”
 Centripetal acceleration
What causes acceleration to appear?
Velocity
Change in Change in
magnitude direction
Motion
(straight line)
with constant √
acceleration
Uniform
circular motion √

What keeps the motion circular?

Centripetal acceleration
Consider the case when there is no
acceleration; how would the motion change?
 Key concepts
Things to understand:
1. The direction of centripetal
acceleration is toward the
center (radial)
2. The magnitude of centripetal
acceleration
 Illustration (but out of scope)
Effect of centripetal acceleration on structure
Consider a ball sliding down a bowl:

Here, the normal force is: BUT for a stationery ball

at the same location:
 Sample problem 1
A rock tied to a string is traveling at a constant speed of 4 m/s in a
circle of radius 1.5 m. Calculate the magnitude of the centripetal
acceleration of the rock. What is the direction of the acceleration?
 Sample problem 1
A rock tied to a string is traveling at a constant speed of 4 m/s in a
circle of radius 1.5 m. Calculate the magnitude of the centripetal
acceleration of the rock. What is the direction of the acceleration?

Direction is toward the center

Roller coaster

What about the motion of roller

coaster? the speed keeps changing
along the circular path

How do we draw the vector

of centripetal acceleration?
 Nonuniform circular motion

Two components of acceleration:

•radial acceleration, arad
•tangential acceleration, atan
 Nonuniform circular motion
Car speeding up Car slowing down

Velocity
Change in magnitude Change in direction
Motion (straight line) with
√
constant acceleration
Uniform circular motion √
Nonuniform circular motion √ √
Sample problem 2
Six acceleration vectors are shown for the car whose velocity
vector is directed forward. For each acceleration vector, describe
in words the effect it has to the velocity (magnitude and direction)
of the car
Sample problem 2
Six acceleration vectors are shown for the car whose velocity
vector is directed forward. For each acceleration vector, describe
in words the effect it has to the velocity (magnitude and direction)
of the car

a1: speed increasing, no path curvature

a2: speed increasing, car turning to left
a3: speed stationary, car turning to left
a4: speed decreasing, car turning to left
a5: speed decreasing, no path curvature
a6: speed decreasing, car turning to right
 Sample problem 3
The driver of a car applies her brakes to produce a constant deceleration
from A to C. Her speed is 27.8 m/s (100 km/h) at A and 13.89 m/s (50
km/h) at C, which is 120 m along the road from A. If the passengers
experience a total acceleration of 3 m/s2 at A and if the radius of curvature
of the hump at C is 150 m, calculate
(a) the constant deceleration of the car from A to C
(b) the radius of curvature ρ at A,
(c) the total acceleration at the inflection point B (straight path), and
(d) the total acceleration at C.
 Sample problem 3
(a)

(b)

Condition at A
(c)

Since at inflection point/straight path R = ∞

a = at = -2.41 m/s2

Condition at B
 Sample problem 3
(d)

Condition at C
 Sample problem 4
A certain rocket maintains a horizontal altitude of its axis during its flight at
high altitude. The thrust imparts a horizontal component of acceleration of 20
m/s2 , and the downward acceleration component is g = 30 m/s2 . At t = 0, the
velocity of the mass center G of the rocket along the 150 direction of its
trajectory is 5,000 m/s. Determine
(a) the radius of curvature of the flight trajectory,
(b) the velocity of the rocket at t = 2 s

m/s2
5,000 m/s

m/s2
 Sample problem 4
m/s2

m/s2

(a)

(b)
 Sample problem 5
A Ferris wheel with radius 14.0 m is turning about a horizontal axis
through its center. The linear speed of a passenger on the rim is
constant and equal to 7.0 m/s. What are the magnitude and direction
of the passenger’s acceleration as she passes through
(a) The lowest point in her circular motion?
(b) The highest point in her circular motion?
(c) How much time does it take the Ferris wheel to make one
revolution?
 Sample problem 5
Identify: this is the case of uniform circular
motion (constant speed)

(a)
direction: upward

(b) arad = 3.50 m/s2; direction: downward

(c)
 Experimental centripetal acceleration

Smartphone mounted on a merry-go-round

Monteiro, Martín, et al. "Angular velocity and centripetal acceleration

relationship." The Physics Teacher 52 (2014).
 Energy harvesting from rotating
equipment

• Using piezoelectric material as the harvester

• Popular application: attached to car's tire for
tire pressure monitoring system

Manla, G., et al. "Harvesting energy from vehicle wheels." Solid-State Sensors, Actuators
and Microsystems Conference, 2009. TRANSDUCERS 2009. International. IEEE, 2009.
Bowen, C. R., and M. H. Arafa. "Energy harvesting technologies for tire pressure monitoring
systems." Advanced Energy Materials 5.7 (2015).