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oHk;Ekdifonfh tajctaeyif &SdaeNyD;jzpfonf/ 0ifvmaom file tm; oabmwl
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16 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

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TAKE A VIEW Color toner cartridges rsm;tay:

tm½Hpk u
kd v
f mMuaom ukrP
Ü rD sm;
2 Video chat udpt ö wGuf ESpfOD; ESpfzufvHk;wGif web-cam wpfckpD
&Sdae&ygvdrhfrnf/ Web Chat wpfck pwifvkyfaqmif&eftwGuf
Webcam icon udk click vkyfvkduf&onf/ tqkdyguifr&mrS tvkyf
pvkyfonfESifh Messenger onfvnf; wpfzufrS rdrdESifhtwl video
chat twGuf toifhjzpfaeaMumif; owif;ydkYay;ygvdrhfrnf/ tjcm;
enf;vrf;wpfckrS rdrd qufoG,f ajymqdkvdkol\ trnf ukdaxmufí
click vkyfum option rS view my webcam udk a&G;,ljcif; jzpfonf/

3 Video chat udpw

ö pfck
wGif wpfOD;
C9700, C9701, C9702, C9703
rifawmifrh sm;onf w½kwEf ikd if \
H xkwu
f ek rf sm;
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awGYqHk ajymqkdrIjzpfygu
ydkrdkjrefqefoGufvufap&ef Toner cartridge ac: rifawmifhrsm;udk
Super Webcam mode udk xkwfvkyfMuonfh ukrÜPDrsm;wGif w½kwfEdkifiH
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wGif jyefvnf jznfhwif;ay;aom vkyfief;rsm;udk
vkyfaqmifMuygonf/ w½kwfEdkifiHwGif tqdkyg
rifawmifhrsm;udk xkwfvkyfol 100 cefY &dS NyD;
xkwfvkyfol 40 onf laser toner cartridges
rsm;udk oD;oefYxkwfvkyfMuygonf/
xkwfvkyfol trsm;pkonf olwdkY\
t&nftaoG;udk ydkrdk aumif;rGefatmif
jyKvkyfMuNyD; tcsKdUonf ta&twGuf
rsm;atmifom aqmif&GufMuygonf/
y&ifwmrsm;udk toHk;rsm;vmaeonfh
,aeY rD'D,macwfwGif rl&if;rifawmifhrsm;udk
jyefvnf xnfhoGif;onfxuf riftrIefY
jznfhwif;jcif; odkYr[kwf rl&if; rifawmifhrsm;
jzpfaomfvnf; aps;oufomaom
rifawmifhrsm;udk xkwfvkyfMujcif;jzifh
4 xkdYtwl video window av; atmuf&Sd pause cvkwfukdESdyfí
rnfonfhtcsdefrqdk acwå jzwfawmufxm;&if; tjcm;vkyfief; uGefysLwm toHk;jyKolrsm;twGufvnf;
wpfckck vkyfudkifEkdifygonf/ tqifajyaeMuygonf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 17

 rsuEf mS zH;k aqmif;yg;

'pf*spw
f ,f uifr&mrsm;twGuf
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rl&if;eD;yg; tjynfht0
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22 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f


yxrqHk;aom 'pf*spf
w,fuifr&mudk ud'k wf (Ko-
dak) ukrÜPDrS 1995 ckEp
rwfvwGif yGJxkwfcJhonf/
odkYaomf zvifo;kH uifr&m
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u vH k ; 0 rwk e f v I y f c J h y g/
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NyD jzpfonf/ vufcsK;d a&í &
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'pf*spfw,f enf;ynmrsm;
u tvGefjrefaom t&dSef
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ae&mvk odrf;,laeonf/
¤if ; wG i f od k a vS m if r I
enf;ynmuvnf; wpfajy;
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onf compact flash me-
mory ac:'pf*spw f ,ftcsuf
tvuf odkavSmifEdkifonfh
uwfpepfrsm; jzpfonf/
tqdyk g flash memory
enf;ynmudk pwifco hJ nfrmS
ESpfaygif; 30 rQ&dScJhNyDjzpf\/
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wGif odkavSmifEdkifrI tvGef
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flash memory pepfEi
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wd k ; wuf ajymif ; vJ v mcJ h
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rsuEf mS zH;k aqmif;yg;
aps;EIef;vnf; oufomvm
jcif;wdkYaMumifh tqdkyg flash
S f memory uwf r sm;onf
urÇmwpf0ef;wGif a&mif;tm;
tjrifhqHk;ypönf;rsm; jzpfvm
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rsm;udk ukrP Ü D trsm;tjym;rS
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Compact-Flash, SD, xD,
J ek f wmoHk; [mh'f'pfrsm;udkyif ao;i,fjcif;? ayghyg;jcif;? MultiMedia, Smart Me-
pdefac:vmovdk jzpfvmae vQypf pfprG ;f tif tenf;i,frQ dia, memory stick ponf
onf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tcsuf om vdt k yfjcif;? Murf;wrf;pGm format rsm;jzifh wnfaqmuf
tvufrsm;udk tBudrfBudrf udkifwG,fonfhwdkif rxdcdkuf xkwfvkyfaeMuaomfvnf;
a&;Edkif? zsufEdkifjcif;? ypön;f Edkifjcif;? armfwmuJhodkY puf tajccH pepfu twlwlyif
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COMPACT FLASH trsK;d tpm;ESihf tjrefEeI ;f
Compact Flash card rsm;wGif
trsKd;tpm;tm;jzifh
ESpfrsKd;cGJEdkifonf/
¤if;onf Type I ESifh Type II
jzpfonf/ odkYaomf uGmjcm;csufonf
uwft&G,ftpm; odkYr[kwf uwf\tjrifhom jzpfonf/
¤if;tjyif Type I onf 3.3 rDvDrDwm xlí Type II onf
5 rDvDrDwm jzpfonf/ Card reader rsm;onf ESpfrsKd;pvHk;udk
xnfhoGif;Edkifaomfvnf; uifr&m trsm;pkonf Type II udk
vufrcHEdkifMuao;yg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh Pretec 6GB CompactFlash onf
Type II trsKd;tpm; jzpfonf/ Flash memory card rsm;wGif tjrefEIef;udk
' x ' ,lepfjzifh jyMuygonf/ ¤if; ' x ' onf 150KB/s
(wpfpuúefYwGif 'pf*spftcsuftvuf 150 uDvdkbdkufudk
o,fydkYEdkifjcif;) ESifh nDrQonf/
S hf tqdk
odkYjzpfí 10x card onf 10x150KB/s = 1500KB/s or 1.5MB/s jzpfonf/
xdkYtwl 80x card onf 80x150KB/s = 12,000KB/s or 12MB/s jzpfonf/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 23
 rsuEf mS zH;k aqmif;yg;
PRETEC COMPACTFLASH 80X 6GB
aps;EIe;f - RM 1,499 (USD 396.20)
xkwfvkyfol- Scanart Data System [M] Sdn Bhd
vdypf m- http://www.pretec.com
vuf&dStm;jzifh uwfrsm;wGif odkavSmifEdkifrI pGrf;&nf trsm;qHk;jzpfí
trsK;d tpm;tm;jzifh Type II jzpfonf/ ¤if; Type II udk aemufqHk;xkwf
uifr&mrsm;wGif oHk;EdkifMuaomfvnf; rdrd0,f,lrnfh uifr&mtwGuf
Type II udk oHk;Edkif? roHk;Edkifudk ar;jref;oifhygonf/ ¤if;uwfudk
yvwfpwpfudk,fxnfxuf ydkrdkawmifhwif;aom owåKpyfjzifh
jyKvkyfxm;í Type I trsKd;tpm;xuf xlaejcif;vnf; jzpfonf/
odkavSmifpGrf;tm; 5.78GB jzpfí tcsuftvufo,fydkYEIef;vnf; jrifhrm;ygonf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap odkavSmifpGrf;&nfrsm;aom uwfwpfckjzpfí aemifwiG f
aps;EIe;f oufomvmum toH;k rsm;rnfh uwftrsK;d tpm;wpfckvnf; jzpfonf/
oif odxm;zd&Yk m - (1) Resolution ac:
tav;csdef 5 atmifpatmuf c&D;aqmifuifr&mrsm; yHk t&nftaoG;
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\ t&nftaoG;udk wkid ;f wm
&mwGif pixels ac: tpuf
i,fuav;rsm;\ta&twGuf
udk tajccHygonf/ xdkYtwl
'pf*spw f ,fuifr&mrsm;onf
jrif u G i f ; wpf c k u d k pixels
rnfrQjzifh zrf;,l odrf;qnf;
Edkifonf[laom tcsufjzifh
tqdyk g 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m
\ trsKd;tpm;udk cGjJ cm;Muyg
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trsKd;tpm;xuf jrifuGif;udk
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jrifuGif;rsm;udk trSwfw&
tjzpfom ½dkuf vdk ol rsm;
twGuf 4 - mega pixel
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aomf ¤if;½dkuf,lxm;aom
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24 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
txd ta&taoG;rusapbJ
y&ifhxkwf,lEdkifonf/ yHkrSef
tm;jzifh vuf&dS xkwf,lae
Muaom "mwfyHkt&G,ftpm;
rsm;onf 4_6 vufr (ydkY
puwfqdkuf) rsm;om jzpfMu
onf/ wpfcsdefu 3-mega-
pixel &dSvQifyif y&ifhxkwf,l
&mwGif taumif;qHk; jzpf
onf[k owfrSwfcJhzl;onf/
,cktcg 10-megapixel &dS
aom uifr&mrsm;yif ay:ae
ygNyD/ ¤if;wdYk onf aps;jrifah e
qJ jzpfonf/
(2) Lens ac: rSebf vD ;l ?
,ckacwf 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mrsm;wGif rSeb f vD ;l udk
csdef&ef tqifh 3 qifh (3x
optical zoom) txd wyf
qifay;xm;Muygonf/ odkY
&mwGif tvGefa0;uGmaom
jrifuGif;rsm;udk ½dkuf,l&ef
oD;jcm; zoom rsm; vdktyfyg
rnf/ xdkYtjyif zefom; rSef
 rsuEf mS zH;k aqmif;yg;

CRUCIAL COMPACTFLASH 2GB

aps;EIe;f - RM 594 (USD 156.99)
xkwfvkyfol- Crucial Technology
vdypf m- http://www.crucial.com
Crucial qdkaom pum;vHk;onf ]ta&;ygaom? twdrf;tapmif;
rcHaom} [lí jzpfonf/ ,ck 'Crucial CompactFlash' onf
emrnfESifh vdkufzufatmif pDrHxm;onfh uwfwpfckjzpfonf[k
qdkonf/ oHk;pGJolrsm;xHodkY tGefvdkif;rS wdkuf½dkufa&mif;csovdk
urÇmwpf0ef; wdkif;jynfrsm;&dS aps;uGufodkYvnf; jzefYcsdxm;onf/
prf;oyfcsufrsm;t& ]zwfEIef;} (read) ESifh ]a&;EIef;} (write) wdkYonf
49x ESifh 29x jzpfonf/ tcsuftvuf o,faqmifEdkifrIwGif tjcm;aom
uwfrsm;xuf edrfhaomfvnf; uifr&mrsm;twGuf oifhwifhavsmufywf
onfh tjrefEIef; &dSonfudk awGU&ygonf/ 2GB uwfcsif; EdIif;,SOfvQif
aps;tedrfhqHk; uwfwpfckvnf; jzpfonf/

oHk;jcif;tm;jzifh oifhtwGuf ponf owfrSwfrI &dSonf/

bDvl;rsm;onf yvwfpwpf
rSefbDvl;rsm;xuf omvGef
aumif;rGefonf/ uifr&m
a&mif;olrsm;u xdktcsufudk
azmfjyay;jcif; r&dSyg/
(3) odak vSmifEikd rf I pGr;f &nf
'pf * spf w ,f uif r &m
trsm;pkwGif flash memory
card ac: tvGey f g;vTmaom
rSwfÓPfuwfrsm;udk oHk;Mu
ygonf/ Compact Flash,
SD/Multi Media card,
Olypus's xD-Picture card,
Sony's Memory stick
ponf trsKd;tpm;rsm;pGm &dS
aomfvnf; wnfaqmufyrkH mS
twl w l y if jzpf y gonf /
vuf & d S t m;jzif h 128MB
od k Y r [k w f 256MB txd
odak vSmifEikd Mf uygonf/ oif
t oHk; jyK aeonfh PDA,
PocketPC, MP3 player
ponfwdkYwGifvnf; tqdkyg
uwf r sm;ud k oH k ; wwf & m
trsKd;tpm;wlaom uwfudk
vdktyfvQif ypönf; wpfckckrS
uwfudk jzKwf,lí t&efoifh
oHk;Edkifygrnf/
(4) bufx&D
'pf*spw
f ,f uifr&mrsm;
wGif lithiumion odkYr[kwf
nickel-metal-hydride
bufx&Dudk oHk;Muí jyef
vnf tm;oGif;Edkifygonf/
tcsKdU uifr&mrsm;wGif t,f
umvd k i f ; buf x &D a c:
"mwfcJi,frsm;udk oHk;Muyg
onf/ ¤if;onf c&D;xGuf&m
wGif tydkaqmifxm;Edkifjcif;
aMumifh vlBudKufrsm;Muaomf
vnf; 0,f,l&onfh p&dwf
pu &dSaejyefygonf/
(5) AD',
D kd ½du
k jf cif;
tcsKd U 'pf *spf w,f
uif r &mrsm;onf AD ' D , d k
twdkrsm;udk ½dkufEdkifygonf/
tcsKdUwGif puúefY 30 txd
rnfodkYyifjzpfap odkavSmif
Edik rf aI y:wGif rlwnfMuonf/
uifr&m trsm;pkonf 30
frames per second EIef;jzifh
(640x480 pixels) t&nf
taoG;udk zrf;,lEikd Mf uonf/
(6) nTeMf um;csurf sm;?
aemufqHk;ay: 'pf*spf
w,f uif r &mrsm;wG i f
uifr&mudk rnfodkY toHk;jyK
&rnf? csdef&rnf ponf nTef
Mum; csuf rsm;udk LCD
screen wGif zwfEdkifonf/
trsm;tm;jzifh tvdt k avsmuf
(auto) aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
jzpfaomfvnf; aumif;rGef
aom yHkwpfyHk &&dSap&ef nTef
Mum;csufrsm;twdkif; jyKvkyf
&ygrnf/ ¤if;wdkYudk rnfodkY
&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyxm;onf
udk avhvmoifhygonf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 25

 rsuEf mS zH;k aqmif;yg;

TRANSCEND COMPACTFLASH 80X 4GB

aps;EIe;f - RM 1,199 (USD 316.90)
xkwfvkyfol- VertexNet Technology Sdn Bhd
vdypf m- http://www.transcendusa.com
Transcend trSwfwHqdyfonf rav;&Sm;EdkifiHwGif toHk;rsm;aom ypönf;
xkwfvkyfrItrSwfwHqdyf jzpfonf/ odkavSmifpGrf;&nfjrifhrm;í tcsuftvuf
o,fydkYEIef;vnf; jrefygonf/ ¤if;twGuf uwfwGif '4GB 80x' [k a&;om;
xm;onfudk jrifEdkifygonf/ prf;oyfcsufrsm;t& ]zwfEIef;} (read) ESifh ]a&;EIef;}
(write) wdkYonf 71x ESifh 74x jzpfMuygonf/ aps;EIef; twefi,f jrifhrm;aomfvnf; 5 ESpfMum
tmrcHay;xm;jcif;u oifhtwGuf pdwfoufomzG,f jzpfygvdrfhrnf/

SANDISK STANDARD COMPACTFLASH 2GB

aps;EIe;f - RM 690 (USD 185.85)
xkwfvkyfol- Photo Marketing [M] Sdn Bhd
vdypf m- http://www.transcendusa.com
SanDisk Standard CompactFlash onf tar&dueftajcpdkuf ukrÜPD wpfckjzpfNyD;
tcsuftvuf odkavSmifonfhud&d,mrsm; xkwfvkyf&mwGif emrnf&aeaomukrÜPD
vnf; jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif ,ckuwftwGuf 0ufbfqdkufwGifvnf;aumif;? vufpGJpmtkyfwGif
vnf;aumif; xl;jcm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk a&;rxm;yg/ prf;oyfcsufrsm;t& zwfEIef; (read) ESifh
a&;EIef; (write) onf 12.7MB/s ESifh 4.7MB/s wdkY jzpfMuonf/ uifr&mrsm;jzifh prf;oyfcsufrsm;wGif
&v'faumif;rsm; awGU&ygonf/ aps;EIef;t&vnf; oifhwifhonf[k qdk&ygrnf/ tmrcHtaeESifh 5 ESpfwm
ay;xm;onfrmS vnf; oH;k pGo
J rl sm;twGupf w
d cf sr;f omzG,f jzpfygvdrrhf nf/

SANDISK EXTREME III COMPACT FLASH 2GB

aps;EIe;f - RM 1,050 (USD 277.50)
xkwfvkyfol- Photo Marketing [M] Sdn Bhd
vdypf m- http://www.sandisk.com
aps;EIef;taeESifh twefi,fjrifhonf[k qdkEdkifygonf/ Extreme III onf 2GB [k
qdkaomfvnf; wu,fwrf;wGif 1.89GB om jzpfonf/ SanDisk onf ypönf;ydkif;
xkwfvkyfonfomru aqmhzf0Jydkif;wGifvnf; 'rescue, recovery' ponf aqmhzf0Jrsm;
&dSonf/ tqdkyg uwfrsm;jzifhvnf; aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ ,ckuwfonf ]zwfEIef;}
(read) ESifh ]a&;EIef;} (write) wdkYonf 121x ESifh 116x jzpfMuí vuf&dS Flash card rsm;wGif
tjrifhqHk;[k qdkEdkifygonf/ tmrcHtaeESifh ESpf uefYowfrI &dSonf[k azmfjyxm;onf/

Transcend Pretec ScanDisk ScanDisk Crucial 2GB

80x 4GB 80x 6GB Standard 2GBExtreme III 2GB

28 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

 rsuEf mS zH;k aqmif;yg;

rnfonfh uwftrsKd; uReaf wmfwYkd

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&&drS nf[kaMunmxm;onf/
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oufomvmaeonf/
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SanDisk 3.7

SanDisk Extreme III 7.5

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Olympus E-1 wGif a&;EIe;f write (MB/s)

Crucial 2.6

Pretec 3.2

SanDisk 2.6

SanDisk Extreme III 4.5

Transcend 3.2

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 29


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38 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f


0,f,l&onfh aps;EIef;rSm OEM
aps;EIef;jzpfum t&nftaoG;rSm
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manage colour
ta&mifrsm;onf aeYpOf vlae
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tems rsm;wGif colour manage-
ment toHk;csrIrsm;wGif Apple
onf ueOD;tusqHk; jzpfonf/
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tem wGirf l windows 98 a&muf&dS
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top PCs rsm;ay:wGif colour
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tjcm;enf;vrf;rSm colour profi-
les rsm;ESifh ta&mifrsm; pkpnf;
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crosoft \ Windows versions
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ternal ta&mifae&mwGif toHk;jyK
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42
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GAMUT PLOTS AND RGB TRANSFER CURVES IN DEPTH.
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ay;wwfonf/ ¤if;tcsufonf
print drivers (Epsom rSty)
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ygonf/

NEW PRODUCT IN YANGON NEW PRODUCT IN YANGON

Free Cam FC 100

SONY MP3
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44 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

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46 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f


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ygw,f/ wpfrsKd;ajym&r,f
qdk&if byte aygif; bDvD,H
40 avmufudk odkrSD;EkdifpGrf;
&Sdygw,f/ 'Dawmh bmjzpf
Ekid yf govJ/ cifAsm;wdYk tbGm;
u ay;ydkYxm;wJh e-mail u
uGeyf sLwmtufaq;
tp web-page awGtxd
tNrJwrf;eD;yg;avmufudkyJ
odr;f qnf;ay;Ekid af eygw,f/
'gayr,fh tJ'gawGukd cifAsm;
u jyefMunfhcsifw,fqkd&if
awmh tJ cifAsm;&JU ]uH} tay:
rSmyJ wnfaeygw,f/ cifAsm;
uH a umif ; &if vG , f v G , f
ululeJY awGYEkdifygw,f/ uH
raumif;&ifawmh cifAsm; pOf;
pm;Munfhayawmh/
Web search qd k w J h
tifwmeufrSm cifAsm;Munfh
csifwJh website awG? web-
page awG cifAsm; uGey f sLwm
xJrSm xnfhxm;NyD; zwfcsif?
Munfch sirf jS yefMunfzh Ykd ]]&SmazG}}
wJ[ h mAsm tJ'gu ]odyyHÜ nm}
&yfwpfckjzpfvmaeNyDAs/ tJ'D
awmh &SmazG&wm rvG,af wmh
bl;/ Windows xJrSm xnfh
xm;wJ h built-in search
uvnf; &Smawmhay;ygw,f?
aES;w,f/ pmvH;k wpfv;kH csif;?
pum;pk wpfckcsif;udk &Smay;
ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aES;w,f/
NyD;awmh save vkyfxm;wJh e-
mail awGudkawmh &Smray;yg
bl;/ 'gawGudk &SmazGzdkY Mi-
crosoft a&m? macintosh
rSma&m oHk;olawGpdwfBudKuf
rjzpfao;ygbl;/ olwdkYu
awmh aemufvmr,fh win-
dows awGrSm jyifqif xnfh
ay;r,f ajymxm;ygw,f/
'gayr,fh tcsed u f mvwpfck
awmh apmifh&OD;rSmyg/ tJ
wpf c k a wmh & S d w ,f / Win-
dows awGu vkyr f ay;Ekid w f hJ
'D function awGudk X1 u
ay;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'D pro-
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
gram av; &Sdygw,f/ olYudk
cifAsm;u install vkyfNyD;NyD
qdk&if olu cifAsm; hard
drive xJrSm&SdwJh text awG
tm;vHk;udk index tnTef;
pm&if;vkyyf gw,f/ tJ'gawG
vkyfNyD;NyDqkd&ifawmh search
vdkYac:wJh &SmazG&wJh tvkyf
u odyfukd vsifjrefoGm;yg
w,f/ cifAsm;u keyboard
uae type vkyfaewJh tcsdef
rSmudkyJ result awGudk azmfjy
ay;aeygNyD/ tJavmufukd jref
ygw,f/ Files awG? e-mail
awGudk X window &JU b,f
bufrSm panel eJY pm&if;jyK
azmfjyay;ygw,f/ tJ'DxJu
rdrda&G;cs,fwJh taMumif;
t&mudak wmh main window
rSm azmfjyay;ygw,f/
E-mail awGudk &Smcsif
&if from rnfolYqDu sub-
ject pmyg taMumif;t&m
rsm;ESihf file rsm;twGuf type
trsKd;tpm; ponfjzifh cGJjcm;
&SmazGay;ygw,f/ aemuf
wpfck&Sdygao;w,f/ ISYS
qkw d hJ program ygyJ/ X1 rSm
&Sm&ovkd keyword udk ay;
NyD; &SmEkdifovdk keyword
awGudk qufxm;wJh and,or
odYk r[kwf not awGeYJ yg &SmazG
Ekdifygw,f/ tJ'gawGtjyif
sender ay;ydkYol? recipient
vufcHol odkYr[kwf date
range &ufpGJ uefYowfrIESifh
vnf; &SmazGEkdifygw,f/
tJ wpfckawmh ajym&OD;
r,f/ 'Dvkd program awGu
internet uae download
vkyf&if &ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
olwkdYu cifAsm;ukd tprf;oHk;
ckid ;f ao;w,fAsm/ &ufaygif;
30 tvum;cGifhjyKw,f/ 'D
&uftwGif;rSm cifAsm;oHk;
Munfhyg/ BudKuf&if0,faygh
Asm/ uRefawmfwdkY jrefrmvdk
ajym&&if ]]jrnf;}}Munfhckdif;
wm (pum;csyf- uRefawmf
wkdYqDrSm tJ'D program av;
awGudk download vkyfNyD;
CD ay:rSm ul;xm;ygw,f/
tJ'gav;awG0,fNyD; uGefysL
wmxJ xnf h o H k ; Munh f y g/
'gayr,f h &uf a ygif ; 30
ausmf&ifawmh tJ'D program
ysufoGm;NyD rSwfyg/ cifAsm;
uGefysLwmxJrSm aysmufoGm;
ygNyD/ 'Dawmh CD aemuf
wpfcsyf0,fayghAsm/ tJvdkrS
rvkyfcsif&if cifAsm;uGefysL
wmxJu &ufpu JG dk aemufjyef
vSnahf yawmh? 'gqk&d if aemuf
xyf &uf 30 yJ) wu,f
awmh tJvdkvnf; rvkyfeJYAs?
wcsKd U program awG u
aysmufoGm;wmygyJAsm/
uRefawmfwdkY avQmuf
ajymaewmeJ Y yJ vk d & if ; u
aysmufaew,f/ rsufESmcsif;
qHkcsifwmAsm? rsufESmcsif;
qkdifNyD; ajymcsifwmAsm/ tJ
ajymEkdifNyD/ qHkEkdifNyDayghAsm/
[dkwkef;uvdk rSef;arQmf&rf;q
NyD; wrf;waep&m rvkdawmh
bl;/ uGeyf sLwma&SUrSmxkid Nf yD;
ESdyf½HkygyJ/ rcHpm;Ekdifawmhbl;
qdkNyD; atmfaep&m rvkdawmh
ygbl;/ ESdyfom ESdyfvkdufawmh
udk,fhvla&/
OD;rsK;d (tdik w
f -D tef;wdw)f
Ref : Business Week.
47

jynfhpkHvHkavmufaom twkdif;twm&Sd okdrSD;wdyfacGrsm;
ouf qkdif &m u@
tvdu k f back - up pGr;f aqmif
&n f yrmP 20 GB rS 400
GB txd &S d a eMuaom
xdyfwef; pm&if;0if Tape
drive ckepfrsKd;udk EIdif;,SOf
prf;oyfMunf&h m rwlnaD om
rsKd;qufopf enf;ynmrsm;
yg0ifaeaMumif; awGY&onf/
uGefysLwmpepfwGif in-
formation rsm; instrutions
rsm;ESifh data rsm; okdrSD; odrf;
qnf;rI vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk
50
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
THE COMPLETE RANGE OF TAPE DRIVES
storage device rsm;u vkyf
aqmifay;&onf/ ta&;BuD;
qHk;tcsufrmS storage tykid ;f
ESifh memory tykdif;ESpfydkif;
udk uGuJ jJG ym;jym; em;vnf&ef
yif jzpfonf/
uGefysLwmvkyfief;pOf
rsm; vk y f a qmif p Of u mv
twGif; y½kdqufqmonf
vkyfaqmifrI nTefMum;csuf
rsm;ESihf tvd&k adS om data rsm;
udk memory twGi;f okYd ae&m
csxm;,l o nf / wpf e nf ;
tm;jzifh data ESifh instruc- url primary storages [k
tions rsm;twG u f ,m,D ac:\/ Memory wG i f
okdrSD;odrf;xm;aom ae&mudk tajccHoabmt& ykHpHESpfrsKd;
memory [k ac:onf/ tcsKUd &Sdaeonf/ wpfrsKd;rSm vola-
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

tile trsKd;tpm;jzpfí aemuf
wpf r sKd ; rS m non-volatile
trsKd;tpm; jzpfonf/ Vola-
tile trsKd;tpm;wGif RAM
[kjyqko d uJo h Ydknon-volatile
trsKd ; tpm;wG i f ROM [k
cJjG cm; jyqkad y;wwfMuonf/
Storage ukdrl secon-
dary storage [k ac:qkdMu
onf/ tcsKUd uvnf; auxili-
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
ary storage ? wcsKd U u iature mobile storage me- drives rsm;onf uGefysLwm
vnf; permenent storage dia trsKd;tpm;? PC Card pepfwGif yxrqHk; tokH;cs
[k ac:qkdwwfMuouJhokdY trsKd;tpm;? high Capacity storage media trsKd;tpm;
mass storage [lí owf disk trsKd;tpm;? hard disk jzpfonf/ okdYaomf ,aeY
rSwf ac:a0:Muolrsm;vnf; trsKd ; tpm;? remouable txd tqkdyg storage me-
&Sdonf/ aemifwGif vkdtyf hard disk trsKd;tpm;? CD dia rsm;udk ta&;BuD;aom
onfhtcg tokH;jyK&ef data - ROM , CD- RW, DVD- uGeyf sLwmpepfrsm;wGif tok;H
ROM okYdr[kwf DVD+ RW jyKae&qJ jzpfonf/ Tape
rsm;? instruction rsm;ESifh
information rsm;udk odrf;
trsKd;tpm;ESifh tape backup trsKd ; tpm;rsm;rS m vnf ;
xm;ay;onf/ trsKd;tpm; ponfwkdY yg0if Quarter -inch Cartridge -
Storage wkdY\ okdrSD;
aeonf/ QIC (40 MB rS 25 GB txd)
yrmP twk d i f ; twmud k ¤if ; wk d Y teuf tape Digital audio Tape - DAT
bytes ta&twGufjzifh jy
qkad vh &SMd uonf/ Kilobyte
- KB (bytes wpfaxmif)
Megabyte - MB (bytes
wpfoef;) Gigabyte - GB
(bytes wpfbDvD,H) Tera
byte-TB (bytes wpfx&DvD
,H) Petabyte - PB (bytes
aygif ; wpf u G m '&D v D , H )
ponfwkdYjzihf jzpfonf/
Storage tyd k i f ; wG i f
floppydisktrsKd;tpm;? mi-
crofiche trsKd;tpm;? min-
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 51
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

(2 GB rS 40 GB txd) Di-
gital Linear tape - DLT (20
GB rS 400 GB txd) ponf
jzifh uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm &Sdaeyg
ao;onf/
,ckEIdif;,SOf prf;oyf
avh v mcJ h a om xd y f w ef ;
pm&if;0if Tape drive ckepf
rsKd;rSm back-up pGrf;aqmif
&nfyrmP 20 GB rS 400GB
txd &SdaeMuonfhtjyif In-
ternal ykHpHESifh External ykHpH
rsm; uJjG ym;vsu&f adS eMu&um
rwlnaD omrsK;d qufopf enf;
ynm ajcmufrsKd;udk tokH;cs
xm;aMumif; awGY&rnfjzpf\/ ,ckEIdif;,SOf prf;oyf rnf qkdygu data yrmP uGef&ufwpfckwGif tokH;jyK
Data backup ud p ö wifjyrnfh Tape drive ckepf rnfrQtxd backup vkyf,l ol okdYr[kwf node wpfckpD
aqmif&u G Mf uawmhrnfqo dk nfh rsKd;wdkYwGif tokH;csxm;aom vkdoenf;[lonfh tcsufu wGif 40 GB yrmPpD&Sdaom
tcgwdik ;f Tape drive wpfck enf ; ynmrsm; rwl n D M u a&SUwef;okdY a&mufvmrnf hard drives rsm;&Sad eum rdrd
u tm½kw H iG f ay:xGuv f myg ouJhokdY wefzkd;rsm;rSmvnf; jzpfonf/ þae&mwGif back server ay:wGif 100 GB rQ
vd r f h r nf / taMumif ; rS m a':vm 900 rS a':vm up vkyf,lykHESpfrsKd; &Sdaewwf aom data rsm; tydkaqmif;
BuD;rm;aom data rsm;udk vHk 8000 ausmftxd uGmjcm;ae onf/ yuwdykHpHrsKd;udk nati- ay;vdkvQif pGrf;aqmif&rnfh
avmufpGm backup vkyfay; ygvdrfhrnf/xkdYtjyif tqkdyg ve backup [k owfrSwfí pkpak ygif; yrmPrSm 4100 GB
Ekdifonfhtjyif wefzkd;ukefus rd'k ,frsm;wGif SCSI interfa- zdodyfxm;aom ykHpHrsKd;udk (40 x 100 + 100 GB)
p&dwfvnf; enf;yg;aom ce rsm;yg0ifaernf jzpfouJh compressed backup [k jzpf a yvd r f h r nf / þae&m
aMumifh jzpfonf/ tawmf okYd IDE interface rsm;vnf; owfrSwfxm;\/ Backup wGif tokH;jyKolrsm;u MP3
toifh yrmP&Sdaom back &Sdaernf/ xkdYtwl external twGuf vdktyfaomyrmP files rsm;ESihf movie files rsm;
up vkyi f ef;twGuu f rkd l CDs ESifh internal uJGjym;rIrsm; &Sd ESifh ywfoufí Oyrmtjzpf 50 &mcdik Ef eI ;f yg0ifaecJyh gu
rsm;? DVDs rsm;ESifh Zip aernfjzpf\/ wGucf su,f Ml urnfqMdk uygpkYd/ ¤if;wkdYudk backup vkyf,l
drive ponfwkdYudk tokH;jyK Backup vk y f i ef ; pOf tokH;jyKol okdYr[kwf nodes jcif;onf jzKef;wD;&m a&muf
Murnfom jzpf\/ wpfckudk aqmif&GufMuawmh ta&twG u f 50 &S d a om aeygvdrfhrnf/ odkYtwGuf

52 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f


data [k rSwf,l&mü rnfrQ
txd ta&;BuD;aom data
ukd yxrqHk; prf;ppfNyD;rSom
okdrSD;,lrnfh data [k ,lq
oifhygonf/
Tape drive ckepfrsKd;udk
IBM eServer 225 ay:wGif
test bed tjzpf tokH;jyKcJh
ygonf / ¤if ; wG i f Dual
SONY SDX - 450 V
AIT - 1 Turbo cart-
vidge trsKd;tpm;okH;
internal tape drive
jzpfonf/ tjrifhqHk;
native capacity rSm 40
54
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Xeon CPUs, 2GB RAM
ESihf Ultra -320 SCSI HOD
wkYd yg0ifonf/ xkt d ajctae
rsm;aMumifh ykdrkd wdusrSefuef
aom tajzrsm; &,lEkdifcJhyg
onf/ prf;oyf&mwGif back-
up yrmP 16 GB &Sd data
udk compressed taetxm;
jzifh vnf;aumif;? uncom-
GB jzpfí compressed
capacity rSm 104 GB
jzpf\/ ¤if;udk single
server backup ud&d,m
tjzpf tokH;jyK&ef
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yrmP &Sdaom data udk
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pressed taetxm;jzih f
vnf;aumif; ykHpHESpfrsKd;jzifh
aqmif&Guf,lygonf/ xkdY
tjyif wpfckpDwGif prf;oyf
csufokH;rsKd; yg&Sdaponf/
BMP, TIF, JPG trsK;d tpm;
0if images files rsm;? word
documents rsm;? MP3,
movies files rsm;ESifh EXE
compressed mode jzifh
backup vkyf,l&m wGif 45
rdepf? 33 puúefY Mumonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh 21.8 GB
twGuf wpfem&D
Mumjrifo h nfh oabmjzpfonf/
tu,fí compressed
rvkyfygu 38 puúefY ykdjref
aponf/ Restore
vkyf&mwGifvnf;
tqkdygEIef;xm;yif
jzpfonf/ a&SYrsufESmpm
toGiftjyifrSm
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aqmhzf0JrQ
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files tcsKdUudak &mí data set
vkyfum prf;oyfMunfhonf/
'kw, d prf;oyfcsuw
f iG f wpfck
wnf; jzifh 800 MB yrmP
&Sad om Compresses file ESihf
prf;oyfMunfhonf/ wwd,
prf;oyfcsufrSm restore op-
eration udk prf;oyf,ljcif;
jzpfonf/
r&SdouJhokdY cleaning
cartridge vnf;
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a&SUrsufESmpmwGif
vnfywftajctaejyoay;
EkdifonfhLEDs rD;vHk;av;
okH;vkH; yg&Sdonf/
owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm
a':vmaiG 1240
cefYjzpfojzifh Sony xkwf
Tape drives rsm;teuf
aps;EIef; tBuD;jrifhqHk;[k
qkdEkdifonf/ ¤if;\ ysrf;rQ
transfer rate rSm 21.96
GB/ hr jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif
tokH; jyKaom Catridge
wpfck\ wefzkd;rSm 35
a':vmcefY &Sdonf/

SONY SDX - 250V
xkxnf yrmP odyf
BuD;rm;rI r&Sdaom backup
vk y f & rnf h u d p ö r sKd ; twG u f ?
jrefjrefqefqef vkyu
onf h ud p ö & yf r sm;twG u f
toifhawmfqHk; Tape drive
jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf AIT -
E Turbo Cartridge trsKd;
tpm;ud k ok H ; xm;onf /
tjrifhqHk; native capacity
rSm 20 GB jzpfí compres-
sed capacity rSm 52 GB
jzpf\/ AIT - 1 ESihf AIT - E
[lí eHygwfom uGJjym;rI&Sd
aeaomf v nf ; cartridge
t&G,ftpm;rsm;rSm twlwl
yif&adS eonf/ pGr;f aqmif&nf
csi;f rSmvnf; ruGmvSay/ 16
QUANTUM DLT - 4
External SCSI tape
drive trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/
tao;pm;rS tvwf p m;
pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;orm;rsm;
txd tokH;jyK&ef txl;oifh
awmfonf/Native capac-
ity rSm 160 GB yrmP&Sdí
compressed vkyf,lonfh
tcg 320 GB yrmPtxd
0ifqHh\/ ysrf;rQ transfer
rate rSm 36.3 GB/hr jzpfaom
aMumifh 16 GB yrmP&Sad om
56
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
GB yrmP&Sdonfh data udk
compressed mode jzif h
back up vky& f mwGif 45 rdepf?
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10 puú e f Y yk d j ref a ponf /
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rSm a':vm 1000cefY jzpfo
jzifh GB ratio ESihf csed w
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tok;H jyKaom cartridge wpf
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transfer rate rSm 21.9 GB/
hr jzpfonf/
data udk backup vkyf&mü
27 rdepf? 16 puúefYcefY Mum
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wGirf l backup EIe;f xm;xuf
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
SONY SDT - 11000
EIdif;,SOfppfaq;onfh
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a&mif;aps;wefzdk;rSm a':vm
900 cef Y o m&S d o nf / xk d Y
tjyif internal SCSI drive
trsKd;tpm; jzpfaomaMumifh
tedrq hf ;kH capacity &Sad eaomf
vnf; compression ratio
taumif;qHk; &&SdEkdifonf/
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catridgs trsKd ; tpm;rS m
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a':vmcefYom &Sdonf/ Co-
mpress rvk y f u native
puúefYtenf;i,fcefY ykdMum
aponf/ ¤if;onf DLT
VS-1 trsKd;tpm; cartridge
udk toH;k jyKxm;um cartrid-
ge wpfc\ k wefz;dk rSm a':vm
taejzifh 20 GB yrmP0ifqhH
NyD; compressed mode jzifh
oGif;,lygu 40 GB yrmP
txd &&SdEkdifonf/ 16 GB
yrmP&So d nfh data udk back
up vkyf&mwGif ESpfem&D ausmf
(131 rdepf) cefY Mum onf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh transfer
rate rS m 8 GB/hr cef Y
jzpfonf/ tqdkyg drive udk
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aqmif; ypönf;rQ yHhydk;ay;rI
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csuf r &S d b J a&mif ; csonf h
qkid af y:wGif rlwnfí tmrcH
ay;xm;onf/ ¤if;ESifh twl
backup aqmhzf0J 10 rsKd;ESifh
clearing cartridge ES p f c k
xnfhay;avh &Sdonf/

HP STORAGE WORKS 448
External SCSI tape
drive trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/
Cartridge taejzifh Ultriun
2 tapes (LTO -2) trsKd;
tpm;uk d ok H ; xm;onf /
tao;pm;vkyfief;pkrsm;ESifh
tvwfpm; pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;
ok;H tjzpf owfrwS Ef idk o
f nf/
Native capacity rSm 200
GB yrmPjzpfí compres-
HP S torage works 960
Storage
External SCSI tape
drive trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/
Ultrium 3 Cartridge udk
oH;k xm;ouJoh Ydk HP \LTO
- 3 enf;ynmudk tokH;cs
xm;\/ Native capacity
rSm 200 GB yrmP&Sí d com-
pressed capacity rSm 400
GB yrmP&&Sdonf/ Ultri-
um 960 tape drive onf
fully backwork pGrf;aqmif
&nf xnf h o G i f ; xm;&S d \ /
xk d Y tjyif WORM [k
ac:onfh Write Once Read
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features rsm;vnf; tjynfh
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ppfaq;,lonfh tape drive
58
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
sed capacity rSm 400 GB
yrmPtxd odkrSD;Ekdifonf/
Ultrium media wkdY xHk;pH
twk d i f ; backwork pG r f ;
aqmif&nf &SdaomaMumifh
(Read / Write) tjyefjyef
tvSefvSef vkyfay;Ekdifonf/
¤if;wGif One- Button Di-
saster Recovery (OBDR)
jzifh yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;xm;
ckepfrsKd;teuf tjrefqHk;EIef;
xm; &SdaMumif; awGU&onf/
16 GB yrmP&Sdaom data
udk backup vkyfcsdefrSm 5
rdepf? 4 puúeYf om Mumonf/
ysrf ; rQ transfer rate rS m
197.34 GB/hr jzpfonf/
owfrw S af &mif;aps;rSma':vm
7700cef Y &S d í cartridge
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
onf/ ¤if;twGuf owfrSwf
a&mif;aps;rSm a':vm 3000
cefY&Sdí cartridge wpfck\
a&mif;aps;rSm 1000cefY &Sd
onf/16 GB yrmP&Sdaom
data udk back-up vkyf&mü
12 rdepf? 4 puúefYom Mum
jrifhonf/ ysrf;rQ transfer
rate rSm 77.99 GB/hr jzpf\/
Restore vkyf&mwGif back -
up vkyfjcif;xuf tenf;
i,f ydjk refonf/ 0,f,&l if;ES;D
&aom aiG y rmPBuD ; rm;
aomfvnf; xkdufwefaom
tusKd;tjrwf rsm;pGm&&Sd Ekdif
ygonf/ ¤if;ESit hf wl YOS-
EMITE Tape Ware back-
up aqmhzf0Jrsm; xnfhoGif;
yHhykd;ay;xm;onf/
wefzkd;rSm a':vm 200 jzpf
onf/ ¤if;ESifh twlbackup
software wpfckESifh clean-
ing tape ESpfckxnhf ay;xm;
onf/ Warranty twGuf
owfowfrSwfrSwf r&Sday/
ta&mif;qkdifay: rlwnfí
tmrcH&&SdEkdifonf/
BACK- UP JARGON
DDA/DAT-digital audio
rsm;twGuf Digital Audio
Tape (DTA) format udk
tajccHxm;&Sdaom
Digital Data Storage
(DDS) jzpfonf/
Digital Data Audio
[kvnf; wkduf½kduf
ac:qkdEkdifonf/
DDS-3: 12GB,1.2MB/sec
DDS-4: 20GB,2.4MB/sec
DDS-2:36GB,3MB/sec
AIT- SONY rS wDxGifxm;
aom Advanced Intelli-
gent Tape (AIT) trsKd;
tpm; jzpfonf/
AIT-1: 35GB,4.0MB/sec
AIT-2: 50GB,6.0MB/sec
AIT-3: 100GB,
12.0MB/sec
DLT - Digital Linear
Tape trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/
LTO - ULTRIUM- HP, IBM
ESifh seagate ukrÜPD okH;rsKd;
wDxGifxm;aom Linear
Tape Open trsKd;tpm;
jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk Ultrium
enf;ynmjzifh yHhydk;
aqmif&Guf ay;xm;onf/
Ultrium- 2: 200GB,
30MB/sec
Ultrium- 3: 400GB,
60MB/sec
 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

IBM ULT - 3580 capacity rSm 400 GB pGrf;&nf&Sdum Ultrium 1

yrmP&SdEkdifí ESifh Ultrium 2 wkdY
compressed capacity rSm twGufvnf; tokH;cs
800 GB yrmP &So
d nf/ Ekdifonf/ ¤if;ESifhtwl
tvGefw&m jrefqefaom back-up aqmhzf0JwpfckrQ
aemufqHk;xkwf xnfhay;jcif; r&SdouJhodkY
rsKd;qufopf tape drive cleaning cartridge vnf;
jzpfonf/ 16 GB yrmP yg0ifvmjcif; r&Sday/
data wpfckudk IBM ULT - 3580 wpfc\ k
backupvkyf&mü owfrSwf a&mif;aps;rSm
3 rdepfomMumí transfer a':vm 7800 cefYjzpfí
rate rSmvnf; 180.59 GB/ cartridge wpfck\
hr jzpfonf/ wefzkd;rSm 1100 cefY
¤if;onfvnf; Ultrium 3 tvwfpm; pD;yGm;a&; pGrf;aqmif&nf &Sdonf/
cartridge udk okH;xm;í vkyfief;orm;rsm;twGuf performance rSm tvGef OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D
CTO - 3 enf;ynmudk oifhawmfaom tape drive aumif;\/ ¤if;onfvnf; [ Ref. PC Quest,
okH;xm;onf/ wpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ Native fully back word Nov
Nov,, 2005]

60 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

HAND ON WORKSHOP

{nfhcef;aqmifomrSm
[efus yefus pHjref;aeOD;r,fh yDpD
Windows XP Media Center Edition ygwJh uGefysLwmeJYqdk&if tdrfwGif;rSm
½kyf&Sif½Hk tao;pm;av;wpfckvkd tqifhjrifh toHeJY ½kyfawG cHpm;½Ipm;Ekdifw,fvdkY a<u;aMumfaeayr,fh
oluay;pGr;f wJh t&nftaoG;udk ud,k f&JU vuf&SdyDpDuav;oHk;NyD; pepftopfwpfcktwGuf
ukefusr,fhaiG&JU tpdwftydkif;uav; ukefuscH½HkeJY &Ekdifw,fqw kd m oifoyd govm;/

TV tuner cards awG
awmif oufwrf; tawmf
&ifvh mNyD/ tcktcsed uf mvu
vnf; tdrfoHk;uGefysLwmawG
awmifrS tdrf&JU azsmfajza&;
tpDtpOf jyKvkyfem;ae&m
{nfch ef;aqmifomxJrmS ae&m
wpfae&m&zdkY odyfrusdef;ao
awmhwJhtjzpfudk a&mufae&
NyD/ &mxl;tcscH&NyD; tcef;
tjyifxu G af y;&r,fuh ed ;f qku
d f
aeNyD/ TV tuner awGeJY uGef
ysLwmawG u d k td y f c ef ; xJ
wa&;Ed;k abmvH;k yGx
J Munfw h hJ
'kwd,wef;pm; azsmfajza&;
tdrfoHk;ypönf;rsm;tqifhudk
'Dvodk aH ,mZOfrhJ ykYdaqmifr,fh
tpm; tck vltawmfrsm;
rsm;u home theater PC &JU
tm;omcsuaf umif;uGuaf wG
udk &SmazGcpH m;wwfvmaeMu
ygNyD/ Personal video re-
corders tjzpfeYJ oH;k Eki d ½f o
kH m
rubl;? tdrfrSmwyfqifxm;
wJh home theater system
uwpfqifh olpkaqmif; zrf;
,lxm;wJh Audio eJY Vedio
file awGukd jyefzi G Mhf unfv h Ydk &
w,f/ ,ckacwf xGufay:
vmwJh tdro f ;kH uGeyf sLwmawG
uvnf; DVD quality &Sw d hJ
video file awGudk EkdifEkdif
eif;eif; real-time encode
vkyfay;EkdifaeNyDav/ NyD;cJhwJh
ESpfawGwkef;uqdk TV fall
screen jyEkdifwJh TV tuner
qdkwm r&Sdoavmuf &Sm;
w,f/ oG,fvsvs cabindeJY
toHwkd;wdk;yJxGufwJh vnf
ywf E I e f ; ed r f h yefumawGeJY
yl;aygif;ay;vku d w
f Jhtcg tdrf
oH;k yDpu
D eG yf sLwmudk {nfch ef;
aqmifomxJu armif;xkwf
z,f&Sm;p&mwpfck jzpfrvm
awmhaybl;aygh/
qdkygpdkY/ oif[m udk,f
ESpof uf&m TV show awGukd
csnf;a&G;NyD; recording vkyf
csifw,fqdkygawmh/ 'Dae&m
rSm full-fledged HTPC Set
vkyzf Ydkrvkad wmhb;l / oifah wmf
wJh? jrefEIef;&SdwJh uGefysLwm
wpfvHk;eJY TV tuner card
&Sd&if&NyD/ Video udk real
times Recording eJY En-
coding vkyfwJhtcg vkdtyf

64 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f


wmav;awG&Sdw,f/ tjref
EIef; 1-5 GHz &SdwJh proces-
sor eJY RAM rSwfÓPf 512
MR oHk;ygrS DVD tqifh
Munfvifjywfom;wJh yHk&dyf
awG &&SdEkdifr,f/ Hard disk
rSmvnf; ae&mvGwf tawmf
rsm;rsm;&SdzkdYvkdw,f/ DVD
tqifh yHk&dyfawGudk hard
disk ay: ul;wif&if tcse
wpfred pfpmrSm rSwÓ f PfyrmP
50 MB EIef; oHk;pGJypfavh&Sd
w,f/ ukd,fzrf;,lul;xm;
wJh tpDtpOfawGudk tod
rdwfaqGrsm;odkY a0iScsifoy
qkd&ifawmh DVD oGif;ay;
vdkYvnf; &ao;w,f/
TV tuners awG [ m
t&ifuvdk twGif;ydkif;rSm
xnfo h iG ;f &wJh card awG jzpf
zdYk rvkad wmhb;l / 'DaeY aps;uGuf
rS m xk w f v k y f j zef Y c sd a ewJ h
tuners card awG[m USB
udk toHk;jyKxm;Muw,f/
'gaMumifh uGeyf sLwm&JU cabi-
net udkzGifhNyD; xnfhoGif;p&m
rvkdawmhbl;/ tjyifrSm wyf
qifvkdY&wJh External tuner
udk 0,fawmhr,fq&dk if USB
1 xuf ydkjrefwJh USB 2 udk
0,fyg/ TV tuner rSm yg&Sw
tjcm; inplats rsm;uk d
ppfaq;Munfhyg/ Video ca-
mera odYk r[kwf VCR wpfck
cku ul;,lr,fqkd&if tuner
rSm composite eJY S-Video
inputs awG y g&S d & rS m jzpf
w,f/ Internal yJjzpfjzpf?
external yJjzpfjzpf package
xJrSm remote control yg
vmygap/ 'Dvkd rygvm&if
awmh monitor em; rsufESm
uyfMunfh&vGef;vdkY rsufvHk;
'ku©a&mufr,f/ aemufqHk;
xGufwJh operating system
awG wyfxm;zdkY vkdvdrhfr,f/
Windows XP oH k ; ol a wG
taeeJY Service Pack 2
avmufukd installed vkyf
xm;oifhw,f/ aemufqHk;
d f ay:qdk tvkyjf zpfatmifajym&
wmyg/ aemuf q H k ; wumh
aemufqHk;jzpfzkdYawmh rvdkyg
bl;/ Tuner rSm wpfygwnf;
xnfhay;vdkufwJh software
&J U t&nf t aoG ; ud k v nf ;
ppfaq;Munfhyg/ Software
vkyfaqmifyHktqifhqifh
Step 1: 'D tvkyf½Hk oifcef;pmrSm
Pinnacle's PCTV USB2 tuner card
udk toHk;jyKMunfhr,f/ 'D box ao;ao;
av;eJYqkd oif&h UJ desk rSm rsupf pd yg;arG;
rpl;avmufbl; r[kwfvm;/ TV cable
&,f? teDatmufa&mifjcnf IR remote
receiver &,f? S-video &,f? compo-
site video &,f? Audio connectors
awG&JU socket awG a&SUrSmygw,f/
d hJ
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
aumif ; rS Tuner ay:u
function awGtm;vHk; toHk;
jyKvdkY &wJhtjyif toHk;jyK&
vnf; vG,fulrI&SdrSm/ Re-
mote control eJY function
pHk oH;k vdYk & r& ppfaq;Munfh
yg/
vmr,fhESpftenf;i,f
twGif; rvGJraoG a&yef;pm;
vlo;kH rsm;vmr,fh t&mwpfck
uawmh TV tuner udk cable
TV set-top box eJY wGJzuf
oH;k pGw
J myJ jzpfvrd rfh ,f/ 'Dvdk
set -top box wpfv;kH eJYq&
TV tuner &JU cable port eJY
cable eJY wkduf½dkufqufp&m
WORKSHOP HANDS ON
rvkdawmhbl;/ TV tuner &JU
Av inputs awGudk TV &JU
AV inputs awG wyfxm;
ovdk wyfqifvkdY&NyD/ TV
tuner u wpfqifh VCR wdYk ?
game console wdkY oHk;r,f
qdk&ifvnf; &wmyJ/ AV in-
puts awGu t½kye f YJ toHawG
ul;,lNyD; encoding vkyfae
csderf mS apmifMh unfv
h Ydk &atmif
jrifuiG ;f rSm jyay;Ekid zf Ydk hard-
ware a&m? software yg
tqifajywJh tuner jzpfzkdY
dk if ta&;BuD;w,f/ 'Dvrkd S r[kwf
vkdYuawmh tjypftemtqm
awG uif;rSm r[kwfbl;/
Step 22: Tuner udk uGefysLwm&JU
free USB port wpfckrSm wyfvkduf
yg/ NyD;oGm;vdkY&Sd&if oifhtaeeJY
wpfcw k nf;aom vkyaf qmif&rSmu
uGefysLwm screen ay:rSm Pin-
nacle Media Center qd k w J h
trSwfwHqdyfeJY ay:vmNyD; soft-
ware udk olYbmom tvkt d avsmuf
install vkyfaewmudk apmifhMunfh
aezkdYyJ/
65
HAND ON WORKSHOP
Step 33: Tuner xJu software udk
installed vkyz
f Ydk rdepf 20 avmuf tcsdef
,l&vdrhfr,f/ NyD;wmeJY oifh trnfemr
&,f? b,f component udk install
vkyrf vJqwdk m&,f? 'D uGeyf sLwmay:rSm
all user awGu application vkyf&if
vufcHrSmvm;qkdwmawG prompted
vkyfvdrhfr,f/
Step 5: Diaganostic tool xGufoGm;
Step 44: Compulsory reboot vkyfNyD; wmeJY Pinnacle Media Center Set-
oGm;wmeJY PCTV Assistant ac:wJh di- ting windows pop-up jzpfvmr,f/
agnostic program tvdv k dk tvkyv
f yk f tJ'DrSm udk,fhpdwfBudKuf performance
vdrrfh ,f/ olu oifu h eG yf sLwm&JU hard- awGudk set vkyfayawmh/ a&G;cs,f owf
ware tydkif;&,f? Direct compactibi- rSwfvkdufwJh options trsm;pkudk ukd,f
lity jzpfrI &Sd r&Sd&,f? software udk wkid rf xnfb
h J main Media Center in-
rSefuefpGm installed vkyfxm;rI &Sd r&Sd terface uwpfqifh access vkyfvkdY
qdkwm ppfaq;azmfxkwfay;vdrhfr,f/ vnf; &w,f/
Step 77: Main Pinnacle Media Cen-
ter interface udk remote control eJY
wGo J ;kH zdYk zefw;D xm;wmjzpfw,f/ tcef;
ae&mtESHYu Munfh&if TV ay:u text
pmom;awGudk aumif;aumif;jrifEkdif
atmif zefw;D xm;w,f/ tJ'D interface
udk widescreen display jrifuiG ;f us,f
eJY wpfcsK;d wnf;usatmif zefw;D xm;wm
jzpfNyD; b,fuMunfhMunfh yDjyif&Sif;
Step 66: tJ'DtuGufxJu Chennels Step 88: vwfwavma&G;xm;wJh chan-
vif; jywfom;rI &Sdw,f/
udk click vkyv
f udk /f tJ't
D cgrSm Chan- nel udk Live TV screen ay:rSm jyae
nel &SmazGrIudk automatic scan vkyf w,f/ Channels wpfckcsif;tvkduf
ay;vdrhfr,f/ 'grSr[kwf manually browse vkyfzdkY&,f? zrf;,l rSwfom;wJh
vkyfvYdkvnf; &w,f/ Automatic scan tpD t pOf tcsd e f em&D & ,f ? zrf ; ,l
vkyfwmu wpfrdepfcGJavmuf Mumr,f/ rSwo f m;NyD; tpDtpOfawGukd bmNyD; bm
zrf;rdEkdifwJh channel rSeforQudk stored jyefMunfrh vJqw kd mawG pDpOfzYkd options
vkyfay;xm;r,f/ awG&Sdw,f/

Step 99: Package eJY wpfygwnf; xnfhay;vdkufwJh teDatmufa&mifjcnf IR

remote rsm;[m cvkwu f u
G af wG wpfyw
kH pfyifBuD;eJY acgif;½Iypf &mvdYk xifp&m&Syd gw,f/
'gayr,fhvnf; toHk;jyK& vG,fulygw,f/ 'D remote oHk;NyD; interface awGudk
navigate vkyfwmwkdY? Live TV udk pause vkyfNyD; cP&yfxm;wmwdkY? recording
vkyfwmwdkY? channel ajymif;wmwkdY? toHtwdk;tus,f volume xdef;wmudk
vkyfaqmifEkdifw,f/

66 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

HAND ON WORKSHOP

TV shows rsm;udk Pausing, recording, editing vkyfjcif;

Step 10: Live TV udk pause vkyv f Qif 1: Record udk click vkyfvkduf
Step 111: Step 12: Recorded TV screen &JU
remote ay:u pause cvkwfudk ESdyfí jcif; jzifh udk,f&JU favorite shows [m List rSm rdrd recorded vkyfxm;wJh
jzpfap? on screen ay:rSm click vkyfí b,faeY? b,f&uf? b,ftcsed rf mS xkwf shows awG&JU trnfeJY MumcsdefawGudk
jzpfap vkyfaqmifvkdY &w,f/ Screen vTifhrvJqdkwmudk MunfhvdkY&ygw,f/ azmfjyay;aevdrhfr,f/ Entry wpfckcsif;
ay:rSm oif pause ESdyfvkdufwJh tcsdefeJY oif&JUwpfckwnf;aom vkyfaqmifzdkY rSm channel trnf&,f? clip udk re-
buffer Mum;cHay:rSm rSwfÓPf ae&m vdt
k yfwmub,f channel udk zrf;rvJ corded vkyfwJhaeYpGJeJY Mumcsdefudk azmfjy
vGwf rukefrD tcsdef b,favmufMum qdkwm&,f? pwifcsdefeJY NyD;qHk;csdef&,f? ay;xm;vdrhfr,f/ BudKuf&m wpfckckudk
Mum cHrvJqdkwmawGudk twdtus wpfaeY odYkr[kwf wpfywfrmS b,fEBS udrf a&G;NyD; Munfh½HkyJ/
azmfjyay;aew,f/ xkwfvTifhw,fqdkwm&,f? output &JU
t&nftaoG;pwmawGudk owfrSwfa&G;
cs,fay;&rSm jzpfw,f/
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Step 1313: PCTV USB 2 [m Studio 14: TV channel eJY tuner &JU AV
Step 14 Step 15: Captured vkyfNyD;orQudk
Quick start vdkYac:wJh basis video inputs awGu 0ifvmwJh video eJY au- clips rsm;tjzpf tvkt
d avsmuf yikd ;f jcm;
capture and edition application dio awGudk b,fvkdt&nftaoG;awGeJY jzwfawmufNyD; Edit tab rSm jyay;xm;
yl;wGJ yg&Sdw,f/ 'D version rSm cufcJ zrf;,lrvJqw kd m pDpOf owfrw S v
f Ykd &yg vdrhfr,f/ tJ'Dchips awGudk tcsdefeJY
½IyfaxG;wJh advanced functions awG w,f/ Settings trnf&SdwJh button ae&m a&SUaemufxufatmuf tajymif;
rvkyfaqmifEkdifayr,fh oifh&JU TV trSwt f om;udk click vkyNf yD; tvk&d &dS m tvJawG vkyfay;Ekdifw,f/ odyfBudKuf
shows eJY Video awGtwGuf basis t&nftaoG;awGukd set vkyEf idk yf gw,f/ odycf u
kd w
f hJ content awGukd special ef-
effect wcsKdUudk twkdif;twmwpfckxd tJ'gawG set vkyfNyD;oGm;vdkY aemufqHk; fects awGxnfhay;Ekdifw,f/ 'Dtvkyf
jyifqif wnf;jzwfEkdifygw,f/ vkyfzkdYvdkwmuawmh Start Capture udk awGukd DVD odYkr[kwf VCD tjzpf ul;
click vkyfay;vkdufzkdYyJaygh/ rxkwfcifrSm vkyfaqmifay;&rSm jzpf
w,f/

68 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

HAND ON WORKSHOP

Digital Set-top boxes qHw

'D boxes awG[m tck
qdk EkdifiH wpfeH? wpfvsm;rSm
oHk;aeMuNyDjzpfw,f/ olqD
u xGufwJh AV output udk
TV &JU AV inputs eJY quf
oG , f a y;&w,f / Tuner
twGuf cable socket rSm
oGm;rpGyf&bl;/ 'D boxes u
tuner &JU wm0efudk xrf;
aqmifay;w,f/ oleJYwGJoHk;
&if TV remote udk oHk;vdkY
h hJ BudrEf eI ;f cGi&f w
dS ,f/ In- wnf ; jzwf a vh & S d y gw,f /
teractive program guide Pinnacle's Media Center
vd k xl ; jcm;wJ h feature u tuner &JU AV inputs u
awG y gwJ h t wG u f tcsd e f & S d vufcH&&SdwJh video awGudk
oa&G U owif ; pmud k c snf ; watch vkyfMunfhvdkY r&ap
tm;udk; &SmazGae&wmawG bl;/ 'gaMumifh set-top box
vkyzf Ykd rvkad wmhb;l / wu,f eJY game consoles awGeJY
awmhvnf; TV tuner &JU AV TV tuner wGJzufrI[m wm
inputs awGudk VCR wdkY? rpm;bJ at;pufpuftae
game console wdkY? digital txm;rS m yJ &S d a e&wm?
set -top box wdkY? video 'gayr,fh Studio 9 Quick-
uifr&mwkdYeJY csdwfqufNyD; start rSm capture vkyfxm;
&vmwJh ½kyfeJY toHawGudk wJh video awGudk preview
uGefysLwmay:rSm jyifqif vkyfMunfhvkdY&w,f/
r&awmh b l ; / Channel
ajymif;wmwdkY? settings vkyf
wmwdkYudk TV tuner tpm;
set-top box &JU tuner u
wpf q if h vk y f a qmif a y;&
r,f/
Digital cable awGu
orm;½dk;us analog cable
awGxuf toHeJY½kyfyH kMunf
vif yDow,f/ Channel
vdkif;aygif; &maxmifcsDNyD;

EdiI ;f ,SOpf &m yDpD aps;EIe;f rsm;

puFmylEdkifiHrS Dell Dimension 3100 trsKd;tpm; yDpDudk atmufygtoGiftjyifrsm;eJY aMunmygw,f/
- Intel Pentium 4 Processor 630 with HT Technology (2MB L2 Cache)
- 256MB DDR-2 SDRAM at 533MHz
- Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 900
- 80GB SATA Hard Drive
- 48xCD Burner
- 17" Flat Panel Monitor
- Windows XP Professional Edition
S$1,199 (USD 735)
- 1-Year Limited Warranty
uGefysLwmrSm Windows XP pepf aqmhzf0Jom yg&SdNyD; Microsoft Office 2003
Small Business Edition (OEM Version) xnfhvdkvQif puFmyla':vm 390 usoifhygr,f/
rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrSm RM2,199 (USD 582) jzpfNyD; 16xDVD ROM drive vdkY azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

70 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

HAND ON WORKSHOP

Optical drive
oef&Y iS ;f a&; vkyaf y;jcif;
rzwfEdkifwhJ tcgrsKd;aygh/ cef;rSm Optical drive ukd
olYxu J kd b,f[myJxnhx f nhf b,fvdk step-by-step ser-
rzwfbl; jzpfaevdrfhr,f/ vice vky& f w,fqwdk m azmfjy
xdk;xnhforQudk vufrcHbJ xm;w,f/ Drive udk b,f
jyefjyeftefxuG af ew,f drive vdjk zKwf&w,f? wyf&w,fqdk
rsKd;awGUvkdYuawmh a'go wm tao;pdwf wpfqifch si;f
xGufNyD; pufudkawmif vuf &Sif;jyxm;w,f/ Step-by-
Data awGukd externally ajy&atmif CDs wkYd ? DVDs oD;eJY cyfjyif;jyif; xkrdwhJ step roGm;rD atmufazmfjyyg
odr;f qnf;r,fq&dk if optical wkYdtjzpfeYJ odr;f xm;vkYd&w,f/ txd jzpf&w,f/ aqmif&ef? a&Smif&ef udpaö wG
disc wpfcsyfeJY odrf;qnf; Optical drive trsKd;tpm; Lens cleaning CDs udkvnf; owdxm;yg/
jcif;[m tukeftustenf; tay:rl w nf N yD ; CDs eJ Y okdY DVDs xnhfMunhfawmh - Optical drive [m un-
qHk;enf;vrf;jzpfw,f/ Rs DVDs awGukd zwfEi dk w
f ,f/ vnf; bmrQ rxl;jcm;/ pdwf der warranty &Sad eao;w,f
20 avmuftukec fv
H u
dk w
f meJY a&;Ekdifw,f/ a&;NyD;om;udk uvnf; r&SnEf ikd af wmh/ tJ'D qk&d if awGUu&m pufjyifq&meJY
storage capacity 4.7 GB zsufNyD; jyefa&;Ekid Mf u&w,f/ vk d e J Y technician ac:NyD ; ac:rjyifygeJY/
odkavSmifodrf;qnf;xm;Ekdif rdrtd oH;k jyKaewhJ uGefysLwm drive udk topfvJckdif;ay; - PC udk on vkyfxm;pOf
ovdk Rs 6 avmuf tukef &JU hard disk xJrSm docu- awmhraygh/ 'Dvkdawmhvnf; drive eJY qufwBJh udK;udk jzKwf
tuscH&if 700 MB avmuf ments awG? Web pages rvkyv f u
dk yf geJY ud[k 0g&,f/ Munhfvkduf? wyfMunhfvkduf
okad vSmifEidk pf rG ;f &Srd mS jzpfw,f/ awG? oDcsi;f awG? ½ky&f iS af wGeYJ tyfeJYxGif;&rSmudk ykqdefeJY rvkyfygeJY/
oifh uGefysLwmrSm optical tjcm;wkdvDrkwfpawGeJY jAKwf rxGif;csifygeJY/ ½kd;½kd;av; - *Gr;f tpte rxGuw f Jh
drive r&Svd Ydkuawmh 'Dta&mif pAsif ; awmif;jzpfaeNyDqkd&if vkyaf y;vku d wf meJY jyefaumif; t0wfpudk oHk;yg/
wvufvuf disc uav; taumif;qHk; ajz&Sif;enf; oGm;rSmyg/ bmaMumifhvnf; - Drive &JU body eJY Lens
awGcrsm yvwfpwpf twdk uawmh olwkdYudk optical qkdawmh 'Dvdkjzpf&wm[m wkdY oefY&Sif;aq;aMum zkdY ac-
tpaqmhp&muav;awGeJY media xJ y d k Y y pf v d k u f z k d Y y J / Len ay:rSm zkefrIefYawGeJY etone vdk azsmf&nfjyif; awG
wlaerSmyJ/ Optical drive cRw, f iG ;f NyDqdk umAGecf sKd;awG oGm;uyfaevdYk roHk;ygeJY
tcsut f vuf file awG vkYduawmh pdwx f rJ mS tawmf awmfawmfeJY uGmrus jzpfae - Lens udk oefY&Sif;a&;
udk wm&Snfvnf;odrf;qnf; uoduatmuf jzpfzl;ygvdrfh vkdYyg/ vkyfpOf rvkdtyfbJ tm;eJY
xdef;odrf;Ekdif tqifvnf; r,f/ CDs eJY DVDs awGukd tcktvkyf½Hk aqG;aEG; zdpkdufNyD; ryGwfygeJY/

72 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f


OPTICAL DRIVE wpfcu
k kd b,fvjdk yKjyifxed ;f odr;f rvJ
STEP 1: 'gudkjyKjyifzkdY
xl;xl;axGaxG
ypönf;ud&d,mawG rvkdygbl;/ 0uftl
vSnhf wpfacsmif; (screw driver)? tp
te rxGufwhJ t0wfp (Lint-free
cloth)? AufqvifqD odYk r[kwf petro-
leum jelly, em;MuyfwHtcsKdU ear-buds
eJY qyfjymqDa&mxm;whJ a&enf;enf;yJ
vkdygw,f/ 0uftlvSnhfudk aumufukdif
NyD; aemufwpfqifhudk csDwufMur,f/
STEP 4 : toufenf;enf; atmifx h m;/
'Dwpfcg drive &JU tzHk;udk cGmxkwfawmh
r,f/ Drive udk twnhjf yefveS /f rsuEf mS
jyifnDnmwhJ atmufcHjym;ay:rSmxm;/
owåKjym;ay: pGJxm;whJ screw wpfckpD
axmifEh pS zf ufrmS &Srd ,f/ jzKwfNyD; rSwrf w
S f
om;om; wpfae&mrSmxm;? tzHk;udk
tomav;qGJ[vkduf/ aemufu csdwf
udkjzKwf/
STEP 2 : Case tdrx f u
J drive udk jzKwf
rxkwfrD eject button ukd t&ifESdyf/
'grS tray ac:whJ "mwfjym;xnhfwJhAef;
tjyifudk xGufvmr,f/ NyD;awmhrS case
udzk iG hf NyD; Power BudK;? data BudK;? audio
BudK;awGukd jznf;jznf;csi;f qGjJ zKwf/ Phi-
lips 0uftv l n
S efh YJ screws wpfcck sif;udk
jzKwf/ case tdrfxJuae drive udk
tomav;jzKwfxkwf/
STEP 5 : tzH;k udk tomrxm;&if; drive
udk ajymif;jyefvSef? tzHk;udk tomav;
qGJr,vduk f txJu pufypön;f awG twkid ;f
om; jrifae&NyDjzpfw,f/ PCBs qm;upf
jym;eJY *D,mbD;awG awGUvkdY acgif;r½Iyf
oGm;eJYOD;/ olwkdYudk xdp&m rvdkbl;/ uJ
drive &JU ae&mpHkudk oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfzkdY
omjyifawmh/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
WORKSHOP HANDS ON
STEP 3 : Drive tray eJY qufpyfaewhJ
yvwfpwpf panel jym;udjk zKwf/ Drive
udk wpfzufvSefNyD; panel aemufu
t&may;xm;whJ csKid ahf Mumif;twkid ;f tray
uae jznf;jznf;nifompGm qGJxkwf
drive &JU a&SU peanel udkvnf; 0uftl
vSnefh YJ clips awGukd aumfxw
k Nf yD;jzKwf/
STEP 6 : Front panel eJY tray wkdYvdk
vG,ful½kd;&Sif;whJ tpdwftykdif;awGudk
t&ifqHk; pvkyf/ a&pGwfxm;whJ t0wf
peJYowk /f a&qdw
k muvnf; a&wpfcu G f
pmavmufrSm qyfjymqD enf;enf;a&m
xm;whJ qyfjym&nfukd ajymwm/ vuf
n§dK;xdyfrSm csnfprxGufwhJ t0wfudk
ywf/ qyfjym&nfxrJ mS ESp/f yvwfpwpf
rsufESmjyifawGudk yGwfwkduf oefY&Sif;
ay;/
73
HAND ON WORKSHOP
OPTICAL DRIVE wpfcu
k kd b,fvjdk yKjyifxed ;f odr;f rvJ
STEP 7 : zkew
f ufaewhJ owåKtxkid jf ym;
eJY tzH;k awGuawmh oefY&iS ;f a&;vky&f wm
vG,yf gw,f/ t0wfajcmufeYJ yGww f u dk f
vku d w
f meJY ajymifomG ;vdrrfh ,f/ yifv,f
urf;pyfeJY eD;eD;em;em;rSm aexkdifoal wG
tzkYd uawmh tJ'o D wåKjym;awGrSm owåK
jyKwfxwhJ tuGufawG jzpfay:aewwf
w,f/ t0wfpwpfpudk tif*sif0idk u f oJh Ydk
acsmqD wpfrsKd;rsKd;okwNf yD; yGwaf y;vku d f
&if owåKrsufESmjyif jyKwfxwmudk
umuG,f&ma&mufygw,f/
STEP 10 : 'DtqifhrSmawmh optical
drive &JU rsufv;kH udk oefY&i
S ;f a&;vkyaf y;
&awmhr,f/ em;MuyfwH xdyft0uav;
udk t&ufoYdk r[kwf t&ufysHxrJ mS ESpNf yD;
Lens udk puf0kdif;&pfoP²mef yGwfwkduf
ay;&r,f/ tm;pku d Nf yD; zdwu dk fp&m rvkd
bl;/ tJ'DvdkzdvkdufvQif Lens &JU txkdif
ae&m vGJwwfw,f/ tJ'Dvkd em;Muyf
wHxyd rf mS t&ufxEJ pS Nf yD; yGwfwkdufay;
wmudk tBudrfBudrfxyfvkyfNyD; em;Muyf
wH tajcmufwpfckeJY a&okwfay;&r,f/
74
STEP 8 : em;MuyfwHudkoHk;NyD; jyifae&
whJ yvwfpwpfeJY owåKrsufESmjyifawG
u acsmifBudKacsmifMum;awGudk &Sif;vif;
Ekdifygw,f/ zkefodyfrsm;ae&if xdyfzsm;
av; udk a&tenf;i,fpGwfNyD; oefY&Sif;
a&; vkyfvkdY&ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm pdwf
r&SnfvkdY brush udkawmh oGm;roHk;vkduf
ygeJY/ vufvSrf;rrD rjrifEdkifwhJ acsmif
uavmifawGrmS zkeaf wG uyfuse&f pfvrd hf
r,f/
STEP 11 : NyD;NyDvm;/ NyD;&if wpfppD
jyefwyfNyD; PC &JU case xJ jyefxnhfwhJ
tvkyuf kd vky&f r,f/ Drive cover tzH;k
udkjyefwyf/ tzHk;udk udkifxm;&if ajymif;
jyefveS Nf yD; screws awG jyefwyf/ Front
panel udk jyefwyf/ Tray panel udk
jyefwyf/ Tray udk jyefwyf/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
STEP 9 : Optical drive &JU Lens udk
carriage tdrfwpfckrSm wyfqifxm;NyD;
tJ't D rd u
f kd owåKavQmwrf; wpfckay:rSm
a&SUwk;d aemufiif jyKEidk af tmif zefw;D xm;
&ygw,f/ a&SUwk;d aemufiif twk;d tqkwf
vky&f mrSm txpftaighr&Sd acsmarGUatmif
grease qDwpfrsKd;rsKd; okwv f rd ;f ay;xm;
&ygw,f/ oefY&iS ;f a&;vkyNf yD;&if acsmqD
jyefxnhaf y;zkYdvw
kd ,f/ Petroleum jelly
okdYr[kwf AufqvifqD wpfrsKd;rsKd;udk
em;MuyfwrH mS pGwNf yD; owåKavQmvrf;udk
okwfvdrf;ay;&r,f/
STEP 12 : Drive tdrfudk 5.25 inch
bay xJ jyefoGif;? ab;ESpfzufuae
screws eJY jyefzrf;/ audio BudK;wkdY?
power BudK;wkdY? data BudK;wkdYudk jyef
wyf/ case udk jyefydwf/ Power zGifhNyD;
jyefprf;Munhf/ aumif;oGm;vdrfhr,f/
tckqkd&if Optical drive topfwpfck
jyef&wmeJY twlwlyJ r[kwfbl;vm;/
HAND ON WORKSHOP
ckxd back up
rvky&f ao;bl;qd&k if tcktcsed [ f m oif&h JU ta&; Bu;D vSaom rSwwf rf;rSw&f m tcsut f vufawG tm;vH;k
aumfyyD mG ;xm;zk&Yd m taumif;qH;k tcsed yf gy/J XP &JU back up u oif&h UJ b0 udk b,fvdk tqifajy oufomatmif
vkyaf y;r,fqw kd m MunfMh unf&h atmif/
rsm;pGmaom yk*¾dKvfa&;
tcsuftvufawG[m tcsdef
qGzJ ifah ES;rIaMumifh qH;k ½H;I cJMh u
zl;w,f/ t&ifuqdk&if zkdif
awGudk udk,fhbmomyJ opti-
cal drive ay: aumfyDul;,l
&avh&Sdygw,f/ xkdYaemufrSm
awmh uGefysLwmay:u a&G;
ay;vd k u f w J h z k d i f a wG tvk d
tavsmuf save vkyfay;wJh
proprietary software awG
pwifoHk;pGJvmMuw,f/ 'D
aemuf r S m awmh XP &J U
Backup Utility udk oHk;vdkY
&vmygw,f/ ¤if;u owif;
tcsuftvufawG back up
76
rvky&f ao; bl;vm;
vkyfp&m tvGef½dk;pif;NyD;
aps;rBuD;wJh enf;vrf;jzpfyg
w,f/ XP &JU Back up Util-
ity u aetdrfeJY ½Hk;i,fawG
twGuf tvGeftoHk;wnfhwJh
tool jzpfygw,f/Operating
System &JU wpfpdwfwpfykdif;
jzpfNyD; vkdtyfcsuftvkduf
oifhawmfwJh setting trsKd;
rsKd; a&G;,lEkdifygw,f/ yk*Kd¾ vf
a&;zdkifawG? pepfzdkifawGudkyJ
vm;/ 'grSr[kwf system
partition ('c' drive) xJu
b,ft&m udkyJjzpfjzpf back
up vky, f l Ekid yf gw,f/ Win-
dows XP Professional &JU
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
Back up Utility rSm Auto-
mated System Recovery
vdkYac: wJh tykdaqmif; fea-
ture vnf; ygygao;w,f/
'D enf;vrf;rSm pepf tae
txm; System State wpfck
&JU back up udk zefwD;cGifhjyK
NyD; diskette rSm rSwfom;í
operating system udk ydkí
jrefjref reinstall vkyfEkdifyg
w,f/ BudKNyD; back up vkyf
xm;wJh data awG tm;vHk;udk
vnf; jrefjrefjyefí wifEkdif
ygw,f/
'ghtjyif oihfuGefysL
wmrS ta0;a&mufaecdkuf
backup awG tvkt d avsmuf
vk y f a y;r,f h tcsd e f Z ,m;
qG J a y;xm;vk d Y vnf ; &yg
w,f/
Back up Utility udk
pwifroH;k pGcJ if odxm;&r,fh
t&m tenf;i,f &Sdygao;
w,f/ XP Home Edition
toHk;jyKolawG[m 'Back
up' ud k System Tools
atmufrmS awGY&rSm r[kwyf g
bl;/ 'gu bmjzpfvkdYvJqkd
awmh ¤if;[m default tae
eJY ygNyD;om; r[kwfvkdYyg/
¤if;udk CD rS install vkyf,l
zkdY vkdygw,f/ oifhtaejzifh

XP Home Edition CD rS
"Valueadd\MSFT\Ntback-
up " zdkvf'gxJrSm awGYEkdifyg
w,f/
Install vkyfNyD;wJhtcg
Windows XP Home Edi-
tion Backup Utility rSm
Automated System
Recovery feature r&Sdwm
owdjyKrdygvdrhfr,f/ tjcm;
wpfzufrSm Windows XP
Professional rSmu Back
up [m default taeeJY in-
stall vkyNf yD;om;jzpfNyD; ASR
feature vnf; ygygw,f/
oifh system udk back up
jyKvkyf&mü ASR enf;udk
oHk;&if owdxm;p&m &Sdyg
w,f/ ¤if;u FAT 16 eJY
NTFS partitions ud k y J
taxmuftyHhay;ygw,f/
oifh&JU system partition
twGuf NTFS zdkifpepfxm;
wmyJ ydkaumif;ygvdrhfr,f/
wu,fvkdY NTFS udkoHk;zdkY
r&nf & G , f b l ; qk d & if v nf ;
back up eJY restore twGuf
Back up &JU usefwJh fea-
tures awG oHk;pGJEkdifqJygyJ/
'D workshop rSm Sys-
tem State, Incremental,
Differential ponfuJhodkY
uGJjym;wJh backups trsKd;
tpm;tvku d f rnfoYkd jyKvky&f
rnf u k d jyooG m ;ygr,f /
tqH k ; owf r S m Windows
XP Professional &JU Au-
tomated System Reco-
very feature taMumif ;
wifjyoGm;ygr,f/ Backups
udk floppies awGrSm (data
awG tm;vHk;twGuf flop-
pies vHkvHkavmufavmuf
&SdrSm r[kwfvdkY wu,fawmh
oHk;p&mtaMumif;udk r&Sdbl;)
WORKSHOP HANDS ON
tjcm; partition ay:rS m
(system partition uvGv J Ydk )
'grS r [k w f tjcm; hard
drive ay:rSm save vkyfvkdY
&ygw,f/
jyifyodak vSmifa&;ypön;f
awGrSm "backup sets" awG
odr;f zdYk o;kH Ekid yf gw,f/ back-
up rvkyc f if oif&h UJ external
drive [m vHak vmufwhJ odk
avSmifyrmP (wu,fvkdY
oifu pepfzikd af wGyg aumfyD
ul;zdkY BuHr,fqdk&if tenf;
qH;k 2GB ) &Sad Mumif; aocsm
ygap/

BACKUP zefw;D jcif;

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Start / Accessories System /
Tools /Backup rSm uvpfESdyfyg/
Back up set tckudk odkavSmifa&;
ypönf; odkYr[kwf tjcm; partition
ay:wGif jyKvkyf&ef xkd wizard u
ulnDay;ygvdrhfr,f/ "Back up" udk
a&G;NyD; next udk uvpfESdyfyg/
oif back up jyKvkyfvkdonfh
t&mudk a&G;yg/ "Everyone's
documents and settings" u
uGefysLwmay:u user tm;vHk;&JU
My Documents , My Folder
pwmawG odrf;ay;w,f/
"All information" u
ASR disk udkvnf;
zefwD;ay;ygvdrhfr,f/
b,ftay:rSm back up
vkyfcsifovJqkdwJh destination
udka&G;yg/ Back up twGuf
trnf½dkufoGif;zdkY rarhygeJY/
½dk;pif;í em;vnf&vG,fygap/
xdkodkYjyKvkyfxm;jcif;jzifh
back up sets rsm;pGm
zefwD;,lxm;wJhtcg
taxmuftul&ygvdrhfr,f/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 77

HAND ON WORKSHOP
STEP 4
Backup trsKd;tpm;udk
ydkí a&G;vdkvQif "Finish" tpm;
"Advanced" tay: uvpfESdyfyg/
t&if backup ta[mif;yHkpHtwkdif;yJ
vkdcsifygu Finish tay: uvpf
ESdyfyg/ ¤if;u yHkrSef back up udk
zefwD;ay;ygvdrhfr,f/
BACKUP udk jyefí RESTORE jyKvyk jf cif;
STEP 1
Back up Utility udk wpfzefjyefí
run NyD; "Restore files" okdYa&G;í
vkd&m back up set udk a&G;cs,fyg/
tcsKdUzdkvf'geJY zkdifawGudk
a&G;cs,fvdkwmqdk&if oufqkdif&m
tuGufrSm uvpfESdyfNyD; Next udk
qufí uvpfESdyfyg/
78
STEP 5
"Advanced" xJrSm
vkdtyfcsuftay:rlwnfNyD; Normal,
Copy, Incremental, Differential,
Daily ponfjzifh backup type awG
a&G;,lEkdifygw,f/
Option awGatmufrSm backup
trsKd;tpm;tvkduf &Sif;jycsuf
twkdav;awG awGYEdkifygw,f/
STEP 2
Back up udk jyefí restore
vkyfvkdonfh ae&m destination
udka&G;yg/ zdkiftcsKdUudkom
oD;oD;oefYoefY zdk'gwpfckodkY
restore vkyfvkdygu "Single
Folder" option udka&G;NyD;
destination folder udk
browse vkyfyg/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
STEP 6
Back up Progress dialogbox u
back up jyKvkyr
f ,fh zdv
k 'f gawGtm;vH;k
ukd qef;ppfNyD; wu,fhvkyfief;pOfukd
pwifygw,f/wpfcsdefwnf;rSm
b,f documents,
b,f application ay:rSm
tvkyfvkyfjcif; rjyKvkyfygeJY/
STEP 3
tcsKdUaomzkdifawGrSm tcsKdUaom
vHkNcHKa&; settings 'grSr[kwf
mount points awGygEkdifygw,f/
mount points awGudk
xdef; odrf;rxm;bl;qdk&if
mount folder xJrSm&SdwJh
taMumif;t&mawGudk restore
jyefvkyfEkdifrSm r[kwfygbl;/
HAND ON WORKSHOP
AUTOMATED SYSTEM RECOVERY
STEP 1
ASR ukd zefwD;zdkY back up wizard
p&ef Next udk uvpfrESdyfrD
'Advanced' link tay:
uvpfESdyfyg/ (Back / Resore
wizard udk 'Dae&mupvdkvQifvnf; &
wmygyJ/) Automated System Re-
covery Wizard tay:uvpfESdyfyg/
Floppy wpfcsyfvnf; vkdygw,f/
STEP 4
Operating system udk restore
jyKvkyf&mrSm system partition udk
format cs&ygr,f/ Partition
t&G,f ay:rlwnfNyD;
tcsed t
f awmfMum ,lEkdifygw,f/
System partition u
tNrJtm;jzifh C drive ygyJ/
80
STEP 2
ASK udk backup rSmuJhodkYyJ
zefwD;,lyg/ Backup tqHk;rSm ASR
floppy zefwD;&ef floppy wpfcsyf
xnfhay;zdkY awmif;cHjcif;cH&
ygvdrhfr,f/ 'Denf;vrf;rSm System
State pepf taetxm;oufoufukdyJ
back-up jyKvkyfay;í operating
system udk vsifjrefpGm restore
jyKvkyf&mrSm oHk;ygw,f/
STEP 5
pNyD;jyifqifrI NyD;pD;onfhtcg
operating system pí install
vkyfygw,f/ 'Dvkyfief;pOfrSm
tjynfht0 reinstall vkyfwmr[kwfbJ
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
STEP 3
oif\ system partition udk
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AUTOMATED SYSTEM RECOVERY

STEP 7 STEP 8 STEP 9

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NEW PRODUCT IN YANGON

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82 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

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84 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 85

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pOfu MTE [k rac:ao;/ Burmese
Language Processing System
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pjyD; okawoe jyKvkycf MhJ uonf/ aemif
wGif rdkufu½dkuGefysLwmay:wGif tokH;
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Editer) [k ac:onf/ MTE rSm xkdpOf
u emrnfBuD; aqmhzf0Jwpfckjzpfonfh
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t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcsdef
wGif Apple uGefysLwmrsm;ay:ü jrefrm
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ser font udk wDxGifxm;jyD; Apple uGef
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wifjyum MTE udk toH;k jyKEdik &f ef BudK;
pm;cJhonf/ (xkdpOfu jr0wDyHkESdyfwkduf
rSm umuG,fa&;0efBuD;XmeatmufwGif
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jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme'k0efBuD; Adv k rf ;ª csKyf
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OD;jrifhaqG jzpfonf/ jr0wDrS 0efxrf;
rsm;udk uGefysLwmwuúodkvfüyif oif
wef;ay;ygonf/ MTE onf uReaf wmf
wdkYukd ynmay;onf/ tawGYtMuHK rsm;
pGm ay;onf/ uRefawmfwkdYtzGJUonf
MTE ESifh yxrqHk; awGU&ívm;rod
aemufyikd ;f jrefrmpmvkyo f rQ MTE ay;
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xm;NyD; Interface bmrQ r&Sdyg/ Com-
mand rsm;udk tao rSwfxm;&onf/
MTE \ vQKdU0Suc f sufrsm;udk uRefawmf
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awmh[k oHk;oyfrdonf/ rnfokdYqkdap
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atmufwkdbmvxkwf jr0wD*sme,frS
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vaygif;rsm;pGm tokH;jyKcJhonf/
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yif MTE udk toHk;jyKí full justify
vkyfonfhtcg character ta&twGuf
wdkY manual wGufcsuf&onf/ aywHESifh
wdkif;í pmjzwf,l&onf/ NyD;rS justify
command ay;&onf/
uRefawmfwkdYtcuftcJudk q&m
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udpöudk OD;pm;ray;EdkifcJhyg/ onfwGif
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qdkif&mtBuD;tuJrsm;udk tmrcHxm;NyD;
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t"duwm0ef&Sdol jzpfvmonf/
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NyD; Atari uGefysLwmay:wGif jrefrmpm
a&;&ef tcGifhtvrf; &cJhonf/ uRef
awmf? yDwmtjyif udkEGJYjrifhodef; (,ck
pMu0VmuGefysLwm) wkdY oHk;a,muf
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awGY prf;oyfjycJhonf/
Atari uGefysLwmwpfvHk;udk xkdpOf
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Windows OS 3.0 ay:aygufvmNyD;
GUI toHk;csrIyg wpf[kefxkd; wdk;wuf
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pepfwkdYudk aysmufuG,f oGm;apcJhyg
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Technology rS CE Classic ESifh Geo-
comp rS tu,f'rD font wkdY xGufvm
onf/ CE ESifh tu,f'rD font rsm;
onf Apple uGeyf sLwmay:wGif fonto-
grapher aqmhz0 f EJ iS hf a&;NyD; PC twGuf
.pfb, .pfm xkwf,lxm;jcif; jzpfonf/
aemufydkif;wGif win-myanmar, m-
myanmar font rsm; qufwdkuf xGuf
vmonf/ CE font rsm;rSty tm;vH;k rSm
a&mif;wrf;0if font rsm; jzpfonf/ CE
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xkdumvBuD;xJwGif uGefysLwm
wuúov kd rf S q&mrsm;jzpfaom udak tmif
atmifodef;? udkausmfausmfodef;ESifh
udkatmifatmifwkdY\ a&TESifhjr font
xGufvmonf/ a&T font u oyfoyf?
jr font u oyfoyf ESpfckwGJoHk;&onf/
uGeyf sLwmwuúov kd t
f rnfawmhrcHcyhJ g/
jrefrmpm uGeyf sLwmwGif standard jzpf&ef
vkdjcif;
xkdtcsdefxd ay:xGufaecJhonfh
font tm;vHk;onf uGefysLwmpepfu
trSefwu,f em;vnfjcif; r[kwfbJ
*&yfzpfoabmom tvkyfvkyfaejcif;
jzpfonf/ jrefrmbmompum;rsm;udk
t*Fvdyf character rsm;\ ASCII
code rsm;ae&mwGif tpm;xdk; oHk;pGJae
jcif;om jzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif pHtjzpf
wpfajy;nD owfrSwfoHk;pGJ&ef rjzpfEdkif
onfhtjyif tcsuftvufrsm;udk toHk;
jyKí vkyif ef;aqmif&uG rf rI sm; vkyaf qmif
í r&Edkifyg/ xkdYaMumifh jrefrmpmudk
uGefysLwmu em;vnfatmif vkyfay;zkdY
vkdvmonf/
onfwiG f Unicode ac: uReaf wmf
wkdY\ ZmwfvdkufBuD; ay:aygufvmyg
onf/ Unicode wGif jrefrmpm twnf
jzpfa&;udk qufvufvyk zf Ykd vdv k monf/
Unicode pH tESpo f m&rSm urÇmay:wGif
&S&d o
dS rQ bmompum; tm;vH;k \ char-
acter rsm;? wpfckcsif;pD owfrSwfcsuf
wefzdk;&Sdapjcif;yif jzpfygonf/ Uni-
code Table wGif character aygif;
65000 ausmf &o dS nf/ ,ckxd uRefawmf
wkdY oHk;pGJaeaom ASCII code onf
256 om &Sdonf/
tqkdyg 256 ae&mudkyif t*Fvdyf
pmoHk;vdkuf? jrefrmpmoHk;vdkuf vkyfae
Mu&onf/ xkYd aMumifyh if ASCII wefz;dk
rsm;jzifh &Sad eaom ae&mudv k u kd íf char-
acter wef z k d ; awG ajymif ; ae&onf /
Unicode oabmrSmrl xko d Ydkr[kwf rnf
onft h u©&mtwGurf qkd uk, d yf ikd f code
&So
d nf/ ASCII Code vkd a&maxG; rae
awmh / jref r mtu© & m uBuD ; onf M-Myanmar jrefrmpmjyKpepfukd twGif;a&;rÈ; 2? 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfMuD;wifOD;rSwpfqifh
U+1000 ae&mwGif&Sdonf/ xkdae&mudk Edik if aH wmfoYdk þokYd ay;tyf vSL'ge;f cJo h nf/
rnfonfhbmompum;\ character rS
ae&m0if,lír&/ uBuD;tydkifjzpfonf/ oGm;udk oGm;&rnfjzpf&m Unicode Muonf/ arhvYdkvnf;pdwrf qk;d / okYdaomf
tqkdyg t,ltqudk Universal mul- Standard udk vdkufemaom pepfudk arhxm;onfhtjyif ab;uefxkwfum
tiple Octet Coded Character Set taumiftxnfazmfzYdk uawmh rjzpfrae tremy ajymvmMuonft h cg? apmfum;
(UCS) [kac:onf/ vkdtyfygonf/ 1999 wGif unicode vmMuonfhtcg ]]wpfcgu}} qkdonfh
uRefawmfwkdYonf wpfaeYaeYwGif standard character set owfrSwfEdkifcJh ukjd rwfcikd f (BuD;yGm;a&;vrf;ñTe*f sme,f)
Unicode Standard ukd rjzpfae ajymif; aomfvnf; 2002 txd bmrQ taumif \pum;udk oHk;í ajymjycsifygonf/
vJ oHk;pGJrS &rnf jzpfonf/ rajymif;vJ txnf razmfEdkifcJhyg/ 2003 wGif Uni- jrefrmpmudk Unicode rSm &Sdw,f
cJhvQif ASCII platform ay:wGif xD; code Standard udk wpfpdwfwpfydkif; qkdwm 2001 ckESpftxd b,folrQ rod
wnf;usefcJhNyD; rnfolrQ? rnfonfrQ vdkufemaom font rsm; xGufvmonf/ ao;[k ajymoluvnf; ajymonf/
support r&ovkd aemufus usefaecJh (Apple computer wGifrl Xenotype Unicode ESifh ywfoufí jrefrmEdkifiH
rnfom jzpfonf/ Unicode Standard rS true encoding font ukd 2000jynfEh pS f twGuf wm0ef&Sdolrsm;uvnf; yg
udk avmavmq,fwiG f tjynft h 0 roH;k uwnf;uxGufcJhNyD;a&mif;cscJhonf/) onf/ ,aeYacwfrSmrS jrefrmpmudk
Edik af o;yg/ okYdaomf wu,fwrf; tjynfh uRef a wmf w k d Y o nf v nf ; 2004 uGefysLwmwGif ]uREfkyfwkdYomvQif yxr
t0 oHk;EdkifNyDqkdOD; desktop uGefysLwm txd MyMyanmar udk tdyrf ufxrJ mS yJ qHk;? uREfkyfwkdYomvQif jrefrmpm pcJhol
rsm;wGif tm;vHk; csufcsif; ajymif;oHk;zkdY &Sdaeao;onf/ rsm;}[k vufnKd§ ; wpfaxmifaxmif &Sad e
qko d nfrmS rjzpfEikd af o;yg/ uReaf wmfwYdk olrsm;onf a&SUa&SUu vkycf MhJ uolrsm;udk
tm;vHk;onf ASCII Code font rsm; ordik ;f aMumif;rsm;ESiv hf l arhypfvu kd Mf uonf/ ,yufvufqw dk m
ESifh vHk;0 tqifajyaeygao;onf/ onfae&mwGif uRefawmfhtaejzifh uBuD;udk yufvufvSefxm;wm[k xif
jrefrmpmudk ukd,fykdif application rsm; ajymjycsifonfh udpörSm jrefrmpmudk rSwfaeolrsm;u trsm;pk jzpfonf/
wGif wdkuf½dkuf toHk;csEdkifonfh umv uGefysLwmwGif toHk;jyKEdkif&ef BudK;pm; jrefrmpmudk Unicode Standard
wGifom ykdí wefzdk;&Sd&Sd toHk;csEdkifrnf Muonft h aMumif; jzpfonf/ awmfawmf &atmif a&SUa&SUu vkyfcJhMuolrsm;onf
jzpfygonf/ rsm;rsm;aom yk*K¾d vfwYdkonf uReaf wmfuh kd rdrdwdkY aiGaMu;udk rdrdwkdYbmom pkdufí
rnfoYdkyifjzpfap uReaf wmfwYdkonf arhxm;Muonf/ uRefawmfhudkrSr[kwf vkycf MhJ uolrsm;omjzpfonf/ taxmuf
Unicode Standard twGif; rjzpfae rarhoifh rarhxdkufolrsm;udkyg arhxm; tyHh wpfckck&rS xkdtaxmuftyHhudk rSDckd

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 93

NyD; tvkyx f vkycf MhJ uolrsm; r[kwo f nf vkyo f nfqo kd nfrmS vkyEf ikd o
f nfh tcsdef wmwuúodkvfESifh uGefysLwm*sme,f
udk owdjyKapvkdygonf/ uRefawmf tcg a&mufvmonhftwGuf rdrdydkif aiG pmzwfolrsm;? uGefysLwmavmuom;
onfvnf; uRefawmf wwfEdkiforQ aMu;jzifh tukeftuscH vkyfaqmifcJh rsm;twGuf onfrQavmufawmh vkyf
Unicode Standard jrefrmpmtaMumif; jcif; jzpfonf/ aqmifay;oifhonf[k cH,lygonf/
tNrJ promote vkyfcJhonf/ M-Myan- uRefawmf\ ,HMk unfcsuftwGuf xkdYaMumifh MyMyanmar Uni-
mar font ukd EdkifiHawmfokdY ay;vSLNyD; vkyfaqmifonfh udpöwGif rnfonfh code System udk uGefysLwmtoD;oD;
pHtjzpf owfrw S t f oH;k jyKEdik af om jrefrm taxmuftyHh&rS vkyfíjzpfrnfqkdonfh twGuf implement vkyo f rQtm;vH;k udk
pmpepfwpfck jzpfajrmufa&;udk wGe;f tm; oabmxm; r&Sdyg/ jrifholonf uGefysL wpfO;D csi;f oH;k twGuf (pD;yGm;a&;twGuf
ay;cJhonf/ 1997 rS 1999 twGif; wmwuúodkvf\ jrefrmpmudk pwif jzpfap? pD;yGm;a&;twGufr[kwfonf
jyKvkyfcJhaom uGefysLwm vIyf&Sm;rI toHk;jyKEdkif&ef BudK;pm;cJhjcif;jzifh uGef jzpfap) tcrJh toHk;jyKcGifh ay;xm;yg
tcrf;tem;wdkif;wGif xkd ]jrefrmpm} ysLwmavmutwGif; 0ifa&mufvmcJh onf/ xkdokdYay;jcif;rSm &moufyef jzpf
udpu ö dk tNrJwrf; a&SUwef;wifcJhonf/ onf/ uGefysLwm*sme,f xkwfa0um ygonf/ okdYaomf t&m&mukd rnfonfh
,aeY MyMyanmar udk implement toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKonf/ uGefysL tusdK;pD;yGm;rQ rarQmfreS ;f bJawmhr[kw/f
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uk,
d pf m;vS,t f zGYJ u wufa&mufcahJ om ta&;rSm Everson \ Proposal ]-J} ygNyD;jzpfí ]tJ} oD;jcm;yg&ef
,leuD wk tf zGYJ tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jref wGif ryg0ifí ]n}\ txufwGif rvdkyg/ ]t} ygNyD; ]-d}ygNyD;? ]-k}
rmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUrS t"du aqG;aEG; xyfjznfhEdkifcJhjcif;/ ygNyD;jzpfí ]td}k oD;jcm;yg&efrvdyk g)
wifjycJh&rIrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpf (C)rdrdwkdY jrefrmpmvHk;aygif;owfyHk (q)uif;pD; (-F) ta&;onf ]i} towf
ygonf/ usrf;wGif yg&Sdonfh ]¤if;} ta&; ta&;ESit hf wljzpfí Proposal ESpcf k
(u) Everson \ Proposal wGif o& twdkif; Everson \ Proposal pvH;k wGif uif;pD;udk jzKwfcyhJ gonf/
(Vowels) rsm;udk t jcm; aom wGif a&;xm;onfh ]4} ta&;tm; (Z) Digit ( 0 rS 9 ) txdudk Asnf;pOf?
Brahmi Based Script rsm;twdi k ;f jyifqifapEdkifcJhjcif;/ o&pOf? towfpOf tm;vHk;\
BuD;pOfwGif a&SUu xm;aomfvnf; (i) rdrdwkdY jrefrmpmvHk;aygif;owfyHk aemufwiG f ESpb f ufnE§d idI ;f í aemuf
rdrdwdkYu jrefrmpmvHk;aygif; owfyHk usr;f wGif owfrw S xf m;onfh Asn;f qHk;wGif xm;cJhygonf/
usrf ; ES i f h t nD Asnf ; (Conso- pOftwdkif; a&;om;xm;jcif; r&Sd (ps) jrefrmpmtoHk; a&SUxdk; (-f) ESifh
nants) rsm;udkom a&SUwGifxm;&ef onfh Everson \ Proposal wGif towf (-f) rSm toHk; rwlaomf
aqG;aEG;cJNh yD; vufawGU Computer yg&Sdonfh Asnf;pOftm; jyifqifEdkif vnf; Visual rsujf rifwiG f wlnaD e
ay:wGif Implement vkyjf yEdik jf cif;/ cJhjcif;/ ojzifh a&SUxdk; (-f) udk MYAN-
(c) Everson \ Proposal wGif BuD; Oyrm/ / ]v} NyD;vQif ]0} vm&rnfh MAR SIGN VIRAMA tjzpf
pOfowfrw S &f mü rdrw
d Ydk jrefrmpmvH;k BuD;pOftm; ]v} NyD;vQif ]V} vm Code Table wGif oD;jcm; owfrw S f
aygif; owfyHkusrf;wGif ryg&Sdonfh xm;í BuD;pOfrSm;aejcif;/ xm;NyD; towf (-f) udkrl tjcm;
pmvH;k (10) vH;k tm; aemufbufoYdk (p) ESpfOD; nd§EIdif;csuft& rdrdwkdY Pro- aom Brahmi based Scripts
oD;jcm; cGJxkwfEdkifcJhjcif;- posal ESifh Everson's Proposal rsm;uJoh Ykd VIRAMA ESifh ZERO
(tqdkyg pmvHk;rsm;rSm Sanskrits wGif yg&Sdaeonfh Composite pm WIDTH NON-JOINER
rsm; jzpfNyD; ausmufpmrsm;wGifom vH k ; rsm;tm; avQmh c sEd k i f c J h j cif ; / (ZWNJ) twGJtjzpfom oHk;&ef
toHk;&Sdawmhjcif;) Oyrm/ / tm? tJ? tdk (]t} yg oabmwlojzifh towf (-f) udk

96 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f


a&&Snf &nfrSef;csuf &Sdygonf/ My-
Myanmar Unicode System ukd toH;k
jyKNyD; xGufvmrnfh Application rsm;
wGifom tusKd;tjrwf ,ludk,lygrnf/
(Oyrm- MyMail y½dk*&rfrsKd;? MyPod
y½dk*&rfrsKd;)
uRefawmf qkdvdkcsifonfhoabm
rSm Unicode Standard tygt0if
jrefrmpmudk uGefysLwmrSm toHk;jyKEdkif
a&;twGuf vkyfMu&mwGif uRefawmfwkdY
onf ,ckrx S NyD; ]jrefrmpm} "unicode"
[k xatmfaeonfh vlpm;rsm; r[kwf
aMumif; ajymvdk&if;jzpfygonf/ tcsdef
Code Table rSz,fxw
k &f ef oabm
wlcJhjcif;/
(n)yifh? &pf? qGJ? xdk; udk tjcm;aom
Indian Scripts rsm;wGif oD;jcm;
r xm; bJ Yapint qd k v Qif
"VIRAMA" + "YA" [k Imple-
ment vkyfxm;í rdrdwkdYrS avm
avmq,f ndE§ idI ;f oabmwlncD suf
t& oD;jcm;rxm;bJ uGufvyfcsef
xm;cJhygonf/ odkYrSom ¤if;wkdYrS
tjcm;aom Indian Scripts rsm;
twGuf Implement vkyx f m;onfh
Universal Multiple-Octet
Coded Characters Set (UCS)
wGif 0ifqefYrnf jzpfygonf/ okdY
r[kwfygu rdrdwkdY Myanmar
Characters Set rSm oD;jcm;jzpf
aeNyD; Transliteration vkyf&mwGif
tcuftcJ &Sdrnfjzpfí rdrdwkdYrS
jyefvnf Implement vkyMf unh&f ef
jzpfygonf/ Satisfy rjzpfvQif
uGufvyfae&mrsm;ü xnfhay;&ef
oabmwlnDNyD; jzpfygonf/
(#) Myanmar Scripts rsm;twGuf
ae&mud k rl v u U+1700 rS
U+177F wGif owfrSwfxm;aomf
vnf; tjcm;aom wdkif;&if;om;
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
tcgESifh tajctaetavsmuf yg0if
ywfoufrIonf twdkif;twm tuefY
towf&SdonfrSm rSefaomfvnf; olrsm;
unicode qdkí udk,fu vdkuf unicode
vdkufvkyfjcif; r[kwfonfukd wifjyvdk
&if; jzpfygonf/
onfae&mwGif oD;jcm; azmfjyvkd
onfrSm ,aeYtxd uGefysLwmtzGJU
tpnf;tqifhqifh jzpfay: wkd;wufa&;
ESifh uGefysLwmwGif jrefrmpmudk toHk;cs
Edkifa&;ESifh ueOD; vIyf&Sm;cJhMuolrsm;
wGif tvGef ta&;ygaom yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;
taMumif;jzpfygonf/ wpfcsdefu um
bmompum;rsm; (Oyrm- u,m;?
u&if? csif;? rGef? &Srf;) twGuf
xyfjznfhcsifaom qE´&Sdvmygu
U+1780 rS U+17FF wGif crm
twGuf owfrw S x f m;NyD; jzpfojzifh
wpfqufwnf;ae&m &Sdawmhrnf
r[kwfyg/ okdYygí ae&mwpfquf
wnf;&So d nfh U+1000 rS U+109F
odkY Myanmar Scripts udk ajymif;
vJ owfrSwf&ef oabmwlnDrI &&Sd
cJhjcif;/
(X) t"duta&;BuD;qHk; nd§EIdif;&&Sdcsuf
rSm ¤if;wkdYrS rdrdwdkY Code Table
tm; Encoding Burmese Script
[kowfrw S xf m;&SNd yD; Code Names
rsm;udkvnf; Burmese Charac-
ters rsm;[kom azmfjyvkdjcif;jzpfyg
onf/ rdrdwkdYrS Burmese toHk;
tEI e f ; tpm; MYANMAR [l
aom toHk;tEIef;udkom toHk;jyK
&ef tjyif;txef uefYuGufajym
Mum;cJh&ygonf/ rnfonfhtwGuf
aMumifh Myanmar ac:onfukd
vnf; &Sif;jycJh&ygonf/ Techni-
cally tm;jzifh ta&;rygaomfvnf;
rdrdwkdYEdkifiH? rdrdwkdYvlrsKd;? rdrdwkdY
bmompum;udk ¤if;wdkYrS Mono-
MyMyanmar Unicode System
(Unicode version 5.x beta ) ukd
www.mymyanmar.net rS
downlaod vky,f El ikd yf gjyD/
uG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme wyfrawmf Munf;?
a&? av uGefysLwmXmerSL;½Hk; XmerSL;
jzpfol OD;cifarmifvGifjzpfygonf/
OD;cifarmifviG f
uRefawmfu olYukd XmerSL;[k tjrJ
ac:onf/ olonf ,aeYtxd uGefysL
wmtoif;tzGJUrsm; &yfwnfaeEdkifrIESifh
poly vkyfNyD; ajymqkdcJhjcif; jzpfyg
onf/ tpnf;ta0;aemufqHk;&uf
wGifrS rdrdwkdYtoHk;jyKonfhtwdkif;
vufc&H ef Re-solution xkwaf y;cJh
jcif; jzpfygonf/
tpnf;ta0; qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;
tpnf;ta0;rS aqG;aEG; qHk;jzwf
csufrsm;tm; aemufqufwGJ (C)jzifh
wifjytyfygonf/ rdrdwdkY jrefrmudk,f
pm;vS,ftzGJU\ tqdkjyKcsufESifh ywf
oufí xGufay:vmonfh tpD&ifcHpm
tay: tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuftjzpf
atmufygtwdkif; qHk;jzwfcJhygonf/
"Resolution M35.14 (PDAM-
26 on Myanmar/ Burmese): WG2
accepts the disposition of com-
ments in document N1883R2, and
instructs its project editor to pre-
pare he final disposition of com-
ments and the final text of FPDAM-
26 with assistance from the con-
tributing editor, and forward these
documents to SC2 secretariat for
further processing with un-
changed target dates."
97
jrefrmpmudpö ,ck unicode standard
txd olu OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKcJhí ,ck
txd c&D;a&mufaejcif; jzpfonf/
1993 ckESpfcefYuwnf;u &if;ESD;
cJhMuNyD; 1997 ckESpfwGif M-Myanmar
uGeyf sLwmoH;k jrefrmpmpepf[k xdpk Ofu
ac:cJah om M-Myanmar font udk Edik if H
awmfokdY ay;vª&ef oluyif OD;aqmif
OD;&Guf jyKvkyfay;cJhonf/ xkdpOfu &nf
&G,fcsufrSm jrefrmpmudk Unicode pH
twdkif; taumiftxnf azmfEdkifa&;
(xkpd Ofu unicode [k wdu k ½f u kd f ac:qkd
roH;k pGaJ o;yg)twGuf Edik if aH wmf\ ulnD
yHhydk;rI &&Sda&;ESifh uGefysLwmtoif;tzGJU
tqifq h ifh zGUJ pnf;Edik af &;wkYd jzpfygonf/
xkpd Ofu tajctaerSm jrefrmpmudk
oHk;í &ae½Hkomjzpfonfukd owdrrl
rdMuonfu rsm;onfukd uRefawmfwkdY
taejzifh trsm;owdxm;rdatmif vIHY
aqmfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdpOfupNyD;
jrefrmpmoHk; uGefysLwmpepf jzpfajrmuf
a&;twGuf txl;tm;ay;olrSm twGif;
a&;rª;(2) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD;wifOD; jzpf
armifx;l jrifah emif yxrqk;H tMurd f National ICT Award &cJph Ofu/
xkpd Ofu 10 wef;ausmif;om;b0yJ &Sad o;onf/
100
ygonf/ uGefysLwmtoif;rsm; zGJUpnf;
Edik cf o
hJ nfrmS vnf; Adv k cf sKyfBuD;wifO;D \
wGe;f tm;ay;rIaMumifv h nf;yg0ifygonf/
uGeyf sLwmtoif;rsm;zGUJ pnf;a&;twGuf
trsKd;rsKd; BudK;yrf;cJhMu&m rnfokdYrQ
ratmifjrif jzpfae&onfudk M-Myan-
mar font vª'gef;yGJwGif OD;cifarmifvGif
ESifh uRefawmfwkdY\ t&JpGefY BudK;yrf;rI
aMumifh toif;jzpfajrmufa&; aumfrwD
ukd zGJUEdkifcJhonf/ aemufydkif;wGif uGef
ysLwmynm zGHUNzdK;a&;Oya' ay:xGuf
vmcJhNyD; uGefysLwmtoif; tqifhqifh
udk zGJUpnf;EdkifcJhonf/
Xmerª;ESifhuRefawmfonf 1995 rS
1999 ckESpftxd jrefrmpmudp?ö toif;
tzGJUudp?ö uGefysLwmavmu vIyf&Sm;rI
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif twlwí JG aqmif
&GufcJhonf/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;wifOD;\ tm;
ay;yHyh ;kd rIrsm;aMumifv
h nf; vkyEf ikd u f ikd Ef ikd f
jcif;jzpfygonf/ 1998-99 wGif Uni-
code Consortium onf jrefrmpm
standard udk rdkufu,ftDAmqif wif
oGif;onfhtwdkif; twnfjyKrnfhqJqJ
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
jzpfonfhtcsdefwGif jrefrmpm udk,fpm;
vS,t f zGUJ wufa&mufEikd &f ef OD;cifarmif
vGirf wS pfqifh Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;wifO;D xH wif
jy cGifhjyKcsuf &,lNyD; tpnf;ta0;okdY
tcsdefrD wufa&mufEdkifcJhonf/ xkd
tpnf;ta0;rsm;aMumifhyifvQif ,aeY
awGUae&aom Unicode Standard
Myanmar Character Set Version
4.1 udk awGUae&jcif;jzpfonf/ tcsKdUu
jrefrmud,k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ taejzifh Bur-
mese tpm; Myanmar [k ajymif;qkE d ikd f
cJhjcif;om&Sdrnf[k xifrSwfaeMuonf/
trSerf mS tqdyk gtpnf;ta0;wGif wuf
a&mufcJhaom jrefrm ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJY
\ pGrf;aqmifcsufrsm;onf ao;ao;
auG;auG;r[kwf/ ta&;MuD;aom udpö
rsm;ukd aqmif&GufEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
trSefrSm Unicode Z,m; wpfckvHk;udk
trSeftwdkif;jzpfap&ef jyifqifay;EdkifcJh
onf/ (xdkpOfu jrefrm ukd,fpm;vS,f
tzGJY\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk oD;jcm;
azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/)
OD;cifarmifvGifonf Unicode
Consortium WG 2 meeting udk 2
BudrfwufcJhNyD; ta&;ygaom qHk;jzwf
csufrsm; csa&;twGuf OD;aqmifcJhol
wpfOD;jzpfygonf/ oludk,fwdkifvnf;
jrefrmpm standardization udpu ö dk pdwf
0ifpm;NyD; M.Sc Computer Science)
ukd jrefrmbmompum; standardi-
zation ESifhyif okawoe pmwrf;jyKpk
wifoGif;NyD; &,lcJhygonf/
MyMyanmar Project
MyMyanmar project onf
rnfonfhtzGJUtpnf;\ taxmufyhHukd
&,ljcif;r&Sd/ rdrdukd,fykdifaiGjzifh rdrdwkdY
tpDtpOfjzifh vkyfaqmifaom project
jzpfonf/ uReaf wmfth aejzifh jrefrmpmudk
uGefysLwmwGif toHk;jyKí&atmif uGef
ysLwmwuúodkvf tultnDjzifh 1989
ckESpfuwnf;upNyD; BudK;yrf;chJonf/
aemufyidk ;f uk,d u f , dk w f idk f jrefrmpm font
rsm;a&;um a&mif;chJonf/ Unicode
qkdonfudk odvmNyD; Unicode stand-
ard t& jrefrmpmudk toHk;jyKEkdifvQif
rnfrQtxd tusKd;&Sdrnfudk odojzifh
uGeyf sLwmynm&Sit f rsm;tjym; aware-
ness &Sdatmif wpfzufu vkyf&ovkd
EkdifiHawmftBuD;tuJrsm;xHvnf; em;
aygufatmif BudK;yrf;chJonfh taMumif;
rsm;ukd txufwiG f wifjycJjh yD;jzpfonf/
1998-99 wGif *syefEkdifiH CICC
ESifh tul;toef;rsm;vmrnfhtcg Uni-
code standard udpo ö nf a&SUwef;u
yg0ifvmchJNyD; EkdifiHwum tzGJUtpnf;
rsm;\ taxmuftyhHrsm; &vmonf/
aiGaMu;taejzifh r[kwfaomfvnf; 2004 ckEpS f National ICT Award qkEiS hf 2005 ckEpS f Asia-Pacific ICT Award
enf;ynmqkdif&m tultnDESifh bmom qkrsm;&&SdcJhaom armifxl;jrifhaemif\ MyApple program ukd EdkifiHawmf0efMuD;csKyf
pum;qkdif&m uGefysLwmaA'ESifh ywf Adv
k cf sKyMf u;D pk;d 0if; avhvmMunf½h I ppfaq;pOf/
oufaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;okdY zdwf
Mum;cH&ovkd tcgtcGio hf ifoh vkd wuf uRefawmfonf uGefysLwmynm onf/ q,fwef;atmifonhfaeYrSmyif
a&mufEkdifchJMuonf/ 1999 wGif Uni- bmrQrwwf/ uGeyf sLwmESihf ywfoufí jrefrmpmudk uGefysLwmay:wGif toHk;
code Standard 4.1 tjzpf jrefrmpmudk bmbGJUrQr&/ bmvufrSwfrQ r&Sdyg/ jyKEkdifzkdY uRefawmfvkyfchJorQtm;vHk;udk
pHowfrSwfEkdifaomtcg uRefawmf xkd xkdYaMumifh Unicode Standard udk im- &Sif;jyonf/ NyD;awmh ]tazpchJwhJudpu ö dk
jrefrmpmudk implementation vkyfEkdif plement vkyE f idk &f efrmS uRefawmht f qifh om;tqH;k owfay;yg/ tazhrsufpx d rJ mS
pGr;f r&S[
d k ud, k u fh , kd u f kd oH;k oyfro
d jzifh ESifh bmrQrqkdif[k oabmxm;NyD; aechJ b,forl Q 'Dupd u ö kd NyD;atmifvyk Ef idk rf ,f
jrefrmpmudpt ö oD;oD;rS ab;xGufaechJ onf/ okdYaomf jrefrmpmudprö Sm &ifxJ vkdY rxifbl;/ aemufNyD; 'Dudp[ ö m om;
onf/ ab;udkvnf; a&mufoGm;onf/ u &SdaeqJjzpfojzifh vkyfEkdifrnfholrsm; twGufomru uGefysLwmwuúodkvf
okdYaomf jrefrmbmompum;ESifh udk MuHKwkid ;f tm;ay;cho J nf/ ESpaf ,muf twGufa&m ykdNyD; *kPf&Sdygw,f/ jrefrm
qkdifaom Unicode Standard ESifh ywf yJ awGUonf/ wpfa,mufrSm Compu- pmudk uGefysLwmwuúodkvftaeeJY pNyD;
oufí pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm; (Oyrm Uni- Tech rSjzpfNyD; tm;ay;&mra&mufbJ okawoejyK vkyfaqmifchJwm om;wkdY
code Standard 5.0 twGuf rkdufu,f tjcm;vk d i f ; buf a&muf o G m ;onf / acwfrSm 'gudk wu,f toHk;jyKvkdY
tDAmqif wifoiG ;f onfh proposal wGif aemufwpfa,mufrSm rdef;uav;jzpfNyD; &atmif BudK;pm;ay;yg} vkdY rjzpfrae
azmfjyxm;onfh Unicode Standard olYwGif EkdifiHjcm;taxmuftyhH (enf; vkyf&rnfh wm0efwpf&yftaejzifha&m?
Draft 0.9 onf uRefawmfh zkdifwGJxJrS ynm + aiGaMu;) &EkdifygvsufeJY ol olYb0twGufyg vrf;aMumif; csay;chJ
xkwfEkwfay;vkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ Uni- udk,fwkdifvnf; pdwf0ifpm;ygvsufESifh ygonf/ wu,fyJ implement vkyEf idk f
code Standard Draft 0.9 rkdufu,f rdom;pkpD;yGm;a&; OD;aqmif&rnfjzpf vmaomtcg uGefysLwmwuúodkvf
tDAmqifxw H iG yf if r&Syd g/)ukd qufvuf ojzifh jrefrmpmudk implement rvkyf taejzifhvnf; *kPfowif; jyefYarT;&
pkaqmif;cJhonf/ uRefawmf ukd,fwdkif EkdifchJyg/ ovkd uRefawmfwkdY rdom;pk *kPfodu©m
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rSef;csuf &Sdao;onf/ xl;jrifhaemifrSm 10-wef;atmifvm (MyMyanmar Unicode system udk

102 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

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ywfoufí tremy ajymqkdrIrsm; vl
wpfpku ajymaomtcg uRefawmfuyif
om;jzpfoludk ajymjy&onf/ ]rif;bmrS
epfemp&mrS r&SdbJ/ wpftcsuf rif;
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wmynm&SifawG wpfjyHKwpfrBuD;eJY vkyf
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tazhtajctaet& wwfEidk w f Jh twkid ;f
twmeJYyJ rif;vkyf&wm/ jrefrmpmykdif;
taeeJYa&m rif;tazeJY rif;ausmif;u
q&mrawGuyJ yhHykd;ay;wmavmufyJ &
wm/ bmyJajymajym ynm&Siaf wG trsm;
BuD;? taxmuftyhaH wG jynfwiG ;f jynfy
u&wm trsm;BuD;? bmompum; qkdif
azazmf0g&v
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tqdyk gpmwGif uif;pD;jyóemESiyhf wfoufí armifx;l jrifah emif\ ajz&Si;f ay;vku
&m enf;ynmqkid &f m jynfwiG ;f jynfyu
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BuD;eJY vky&f wmrS r[kwb f /J ESpf tcsuf
&vmwhJ&v'fu wu,f oHk;vkdY&wm/
rif;vkyfxm;wmu pkwfjywfNyD; "m;r
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104
b,fup&rSe;f rodawmh rdu k u f ½kad qmhzf
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onf/ wu,frodao;í ar;awmhrS
aMumfjim0ifawmhonf/ ]'Dvdk'Dvdk font
awG &Sad ejyD;om;? 0,fo;Hk vku d yf g/ b,f
trsdK;tpm;? b,f package u b,f
avmufyg} qdjk yD; erlemawGEiS hf tajzjyef
vmonf/ Unicode ukd taumif
txnf azmfaeygonfqdkaom tzGJYxH
]uRefawmfjzifh pdwf0ifpm;vkdYyg} qdkawmh
]uav;awGtwGuf ae&m &Sw d ,f? ynm
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awmh uk, d thf m;yJ uk,
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f ;dk zkYd olYudk qd&k
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MyMyanmar jzpfvmrnfp h epfukd
a&;om;&eftwGuf xl;jrifah emifEiS hf uRef
awmftMum; t,ltquGJaygif; rsm;pGm
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n§donfh&ufrSm rSwfrSwf&& 2004 ckESpf
pufwifbmv 20 &ufaeYn jzpfonf/
n 2-em&D &SdaeNyD a0Z,EÅmvrf;r
ay:wGif vrf;avQmuf jiif;cHkaeqJ jzpf
onf/ olu olYt,ltq wifjyonf/
uRefawmfu uRefawmfht,ltq ajymjy
onf/ a0Z,EÅmvrf;rrS *E¨rmvrf;?
*E¨rmvrf;rS urÇmat;apwDb&k m;vrf;?
urÇmat;apwD bk&m;vrf;rS a0Z,EÅm
vrf; wpfywfNyD;wpfywf ywf&if; jiif;
ckefaechJMuonf/ reufav;em&Dxdk;
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
awmhrS tdrfxJ0ifNyD; olYt,ltqudk
vufawGUvkyfjywm uRefawmfMunhf&ef
ESifh uRefawmfht,ltqudk vufawGU
vkyMf unh&f ef ESpOf ;D oabmwlcMJh uonf/
reufr;dk vif;txd prf;oyfcMJh uNyD;rS uRef
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ol vufcHonf/
wu,fwrf;vkyaf omtcg aeYcif;
ausmif;wpfzuf? tvkyfwpfzufESifh
wpfnvHk; rtdyfrae ESpfa,mufom;
tvkyfvkyfchJMuonf/ wpfvcGJcefY aeY?
n rtdyfrae vkyfchJMuNyD;aemuf My-
Myanmar Unicode System ud k
atmifatmifjrifjrif tajcwnfrNd yD; jzpf
oGm;onf/ zm;wpfykdif; ig;wpfykdif;
Unicode font udk vH;k 0NyD;pD;oGm;onf/
xkdtcsdefwGif uRefawmfhrSm ½kwfw&uf
ESv;kH aoG;aMumydwaf &m*g&onf/ aq;½Hk
rSm wpfvcefY MumoGm;onf/ My-
k u
f ,ftAD mqif\ tjrif/
f nf/
Myanmar ESifhywfoufí uRefawmhf
bufrS wpfjcrf;onf bmrQ ryhyH ;dk ay;Edik f
awmh/ onfMum;xJ olu a[mifaumif
okdYoGm;jyD; tm&Sypdzdwfa'ojydKifyGJ oGm;
vdkuf&ao;onf/
xkdYaemufrSm xl;jrifhaemifu My-
Myanmar.net trnfjzifh website
wpfck vkyfNyD; Unicode taMumif;
Unicode Open type taMumif;? NyD;
awmh ol\ MyMyanmar taMumif;
tjyif? toHk;jyKvkdolrsm; toHk;jyKEkdifap
&ef download vkyfcGifhyg ay;chJonf/
onfhaemufykdif;wGif olvnf; pmar;yGJ
twGuf vkyf&? tjcm; technology
aemufvkdufaeESifh tvkyf½IyfaechJonf/
olYwiG f qk;d onfth csufu technology
aemufudk vkdufaejcif;yJ jzpfonf/
vkyfief;wpfcktaeESifh oyfoyfrvkyf/
MyMyanmar &v'fuav;wpfckudk
auseyfaeonf/ tpyif rp&ao; ajc
vSrf;umyJ &Sdao;onfudk &Sif;jyaomf
vnf;r&/ aemufqHk; wpftdrfwnf;ae
NyD; pum;rajymjzpfbJ ESpfa,mufpvHk;
MyMyanmar udk ypfxm;chJMuonf/
2005 ckESpf pufwifbmv 18-
20 wGif ACCU ESifh pme,fZif;tzGJU
uRefawmf\ Myanmar Heritage wkdY
yl;aygif;NyD; Trader [kw
d ,fwiG f Copy-
Right Workshop vkyo f nf/ wpfquf
wnf;rSmyif pufwifbm 24 ü Myan-
mar Heritage rS wm0ef&o dS rl sm; Trader
Hotel rSmyif tpnf;ta0; qufvkyf
onf/ xkdtpnf;ta0;udk xl;jrifhaemif
tm;wufapNyD; MyMyanmar quf
vky?f rvkyf jyóemudk vkyif ef;udpö wpf
cktaejzifh aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ aemuf
awmh om;tz 2 a,muf oabmwlNyD;
MyMyanmar udk qufvkyfMuonf/
wu,fvkyfaom tcg 18 &ufom
Mumonf/ MyMyanmar Unicode
System vHk;0½kyfvHk;ay:oGm;onf/
okdYaomf aeYrtdyf? nrtdyf vkyfchJ
Muojzifh uRefawmhfvdkyif olvnf;
ESvHk;tm;enf;NyD; aq;½Hk a&muf&onf/
uRefawmfh oli,fcsif;jzpfaom ESvHk;
txl;ukq&m0ef a'gufwmjrifph ;dk 0if;xH
om;tzES p f a ,muf aq;uk & onf h
tqifh a&mufoGm;onf/ rnfokdYyifjzpf
ap uRefawmfwkdYawG BudK;yrf;rI&v'f
twGuf auseyfygonf/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif pOf;pm;chJonf
rSm wpfck&Sdonf/ MyMyanmar udk
wpf c gwnf ; xk w f r nf h t pm; My-
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
Myanmar udk tajccHaom applica-
tion rsm;xkw&
f if aumif;rvm; [laom
tawG; jzpfygonf/ xkdYaMumifhyif My-
Myanmar Unicode System ud k
tajccHaom MyMail udk xkwaf &mif;zkYd
atmufwkdbmvxkwf *sme,f r*¾Zif;
rsm;wGif pwif aMumfjimchJonf/ (My-
Mail rSm taMumif;rsm;pGmaMumifh ,ckxd
xGufrvmEkdifao;yg/) okdYaomf trsm;
odMuonfhtwkdif; open type qkdNyD;
Unicode font wpfck ay:vmonf/
uRefawmfwkdY bmqufvkyfrnfenf;
vrf;aMumif; pOf;pm;&onf/
tb,faMumifhqkdvQif uRefawmf
wkdYrSm xkdtcsdeftxd ,aeY jzefYa0chJNyD;
jzpfonfh MyMyanmar Unicode
System r[kwfao;/ MyMyanmar
Open type font tqifhom &Sdao;
onf/ Font oufoufukdyJ ay;rvm;/
okYd wnf;r[kwf font udk rkud u
f ½kad qmhzf
keyboard layout creator ESifhyJ ay;
rnfvm;[lí jzpfonf/ aemufq;kH awmh
MyMyanmar Unicode System udk
complete, qkv d odk nfrmS IME ac: in-
put method NyD;onftxd vkyfNyD;rS
launch vkyf&ef qHk;jzwfchJonf/ NyD;
qufvkyfchJ&m Ekd0ifbm 25 trsKd;om;
aeYwGif tm;vHk;NyD;chJonf/
MyMail yg MyMyanmar
Unicode System onf aemufqHk;
Release vkyfaom True encoding
r[kw?f Partial encoding omjzpfonf/
xkdtcsdefxd MyMyanmar udk oD;jcm;
launch vkyf&ef tpDtpOf r&Sdao;/ xkd
pOfu uRefysLwmwuúodkvf ygarmu©
csKyfudkom tpD&ifcHpm ay;ydkYxm;onf/
MyMyanmar ESihf jyóemrsm;
2005-ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvxJ a&muf
aomtcg MyMyanamr partial font
rsm;onf yHkwl ul;csxm;onf[k pGyfpGJcH
&onf / MyMyanamr rS r[k w f
rEÅav; Alpha ukdvnf;aumif;? Geo-
comp Myanmar ud k v nf ; aumif ;
code point rsm;wlaeonf[k qkdNyD;
tifwmeufwGifwifum pGyfpGJchJonf/
uRefawmfwkdYvnf; csufjcif;yif vuf
wkefYjyefchJonf/ Font wpfck a&;om;
jcif;onf vG,v f ,G u f av;[k qkcd jJh cif;
xuf ydkaom wkefYjyefrIrsKd;jzifh tifwm
eufrSmyif azmfjychJonf/
aemufydkif;wGif onfavmuom;
awG tcsif;csif;yJ[lí oabmxm;NyD;
pGypf rJG rI sm;udk ajyvnfapaom awmif;yef
pm qefqefpmudk e-mail jzifh wkduf½kduf
ay;ydkYchJonf/ okdYaomf uRefawmfwkdY\
&yfwnfcsufudk tav;rxm;bJ w&m;
pGJqkdrnf b,faeY aemufqHk;xm;jyD;
ajz&Si;f ygqkad om a&SUaexHrpS mudk ay;ydYk
awmhonf/ onfwpfBudrfwGifawmh
uRefawmfwYdk bmrS rajymawmh ajymp&m
vnf;rvdkawmh/ w&m;½Hk;rSm &ifqkdifqkd
vnf; &ifqkdif&efom tqifoifh vkyf
xm;chJonf/ uRefawmfwkdYurS awmf
ao;onf/ OD;ode;f xG#f (Geocomp) u
ykdNyD; qkd;onf/ ajyvnf&majyvnf
aMumif; olu ajymawmhrS avsmfaMu;
qefqef package b,fESck 0,f&rnf
[k qkdvmonf/ Mum;u0ifNyD; awmif;
ay;oluvnf; &Sv d monf/ ]ae&mawGukd
b,fae&mrSm csvdkY&w,fqkdwm tqif
ajyatmif pOf;pm;vkyx f m;&wmawG&v dS Ydk
tJ'DtwGuf q&mwkdY ay;oifhw,f xif
w,f} qkad om t"dymÜ ,f&dS {nhaf xmufcH
pum;rsm;ESifh yGJpm;rsm; &Sdvmonf/
[Hom0wDt0kdif;&Sd q&mOD;odef;xG#f
½Hk;cef;okdY c&D;MuHK? vrf;MuHKovkd ajym
onfholu ajymvmchJonf/
wu,fawmh uGefysLwmwGif font
a&;onhfudpöonf bmrQrxl;qef;yg/
Font Editor aqmhz0 f rJ sm;pGmudk uReaf wmf
wkdY toHk;jyKzl;ygonf/ Open type yJ
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wpfckrS rcufyg/ rEÅav;rS uRefawmfh
oli,fcsif; aZmf0if;jrwf (Art House)
qkdvQif wpfaeYudk font wpfpkH a&;ygqkd
a&;Ekdifonf/ Fontographer wGifom
(-) ae&mudk toHk;jyKaomtcgrSom
jyóemtenf;i,f&Sdonfudk awGUzl;
onf/ 'guvnf; wpfcgwpf&HrSom
jzpfonf/
uRefawmfwkdYa&m? Alpha, Geo-
comp tm;vH;k onf wpfcE k iS w
hf pfck vH;k 0
wlonf r[kwyf g/ okYdaomf font wpfrsK;d
&SdvQif tjcm;rnfonhf font &Sd&Sd r&Sd&Sd
toH;k jyK&ap&ef index vkycf MJh ujcif;om
jzpfonf/ NyD;vQif uRefawmfwkdY tm;vHk;
onf b,fwpfckudkrQ a&mif;csNyD; &SmazG
pm;aomufaeonf r[kwfyg/ tm;vHk;
tcrhJ jzpfygonf/ jrefrmpm font udk
MyMyanmar Unicode System ESifh ywfoufí
MyMyanmar Unicode pepfukd 2006
ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv 24 &ufaeYu qD'kd;
em;[kw d ,fwiG f usi;f yaom ICCA 4th
Conference 2006, 'k w d , aeY w G i f
MyMyanmar Unicode System rdwf
qufwifjycJ&h m uGeyf sLwmoH;k jrefrmpm
pepfESifh ywfoufí &efuek f uGeyf sLwm
wuúodkvfrS q&mrwpfOD;u atmufyg
twdkif; wifjycJhygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif uGef ysL wm udk
1970 jynhfESpfcefYu pwif toHk;jyKchJ
MuNyD; uGefysLwmay:wGif jrefrmpmudk
toHk;jyKEkdif&eftwGuf uGef ysL wm
wuúov kd f rjzpfcif wuúokdvfrsm; uGef
ysLwmXmetqifhuwnf;u okaw
oejyK vkyaf qmifcaJh Mumif;? 1986 ckEpS f
wGif uGeyf sLwm wuúov kd rf S Myanmar
Text Editor (MTE) ac: jrefrmpm
jyK pepfudk prf;oyf toHk;jyKchJaMumif;?
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pD;yGm;a&;wpfct k jzpf vkyif ef;vkyf &Smpm;
aeMujcif;r[kwfyg/ tm;vHk;tusKd;&Sdap
&ef &nf&, G x
f m;chMJ ujcif;om jzpfonf/
xkdudpEö Sifh ywfoufNyD; tjrJwrf;
at;aq;pGmaewwfonfh q&mOD;odef;
xG#fu qkdif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;odkY w&m;
0if pma&;om; wifjych&J onftxd jzpfcJh
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tzGUJ tpnf;ESihf vly*k Kd¾ vfrsm;rSví
JG rl&if;
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wpfcgwpf&H taMumif;t&mwkdY
onf tzsuo f abm OD;wnfaomfvnf;
tusKd;jzpfxGef;rI rsm;pGm&Sdonfudk vuf
cH&ygrnf/ ukdodef;xG#fonf jrefrmpm
udk uGefysLwmwGif toHk;csa&;twGuf
olYenf;olY[efjzifh vkycf o Jh l wpfa,muf
jzpfovkd uReaf wmfvnf; uReaf wmhef nf;
uRefawmfh[efjzifh BudK;pm;chJonf jzpf
MTE udk 1990 jynhfESpfwGif tpkd;&
yHkESdyfxkwfa0a&;vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf yk*v ¾ ud
yHkESdyfxkwfa0a&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif toHk;
jyKchaJ Mumif;? odYk aomf MTE rSm xkt d csed f
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wmwGif font tjzpf toH;k jyKaeMuaom
font rsm;rSm tm;vHk; wpfckESifh wpfck
qufpyf&ef wdusaom pHowfrw S cf suf
r&Síd vkyif ef; vkyu f ikd &f mwGif tcuftcJ
rsm;pGm&Sdwm awGU&Sd&aMumif;? xkdtcsdef
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
onf/ ESpaf ,mufom; b,fw;kH urQjzifh
raygif;pyfbl;chJ/ aygif;pyf&efukdyif (olY
zufrSawmhrod)pOf;pm;jcif;r&SdchJ/
,ckvdk uReaf wmfwYdkukd w&m;pGrJ nf
qkdNyD; EdkYwpfpmay;awmhrS jrefrmpm
udpöESifhywfoufNyD; aygif;pnf;rdawmh
onf/ xkdtcsdeftxd xl;jrifhaemif\
MyMyanmar Unicode System
onf pepfwus r&Sdaom tydkif;rsm;pGm
&Sdaeygao;onf/ Error checking
twGuf vkyfxm;aomfvnf; raooyf/
t&m&monf tem;oyfrsm; rvSry &Sad e
onf/ udkodef;xG#fonf ASCII ay:
wGif tvkyfvkyfchJaom Geocomp \
tu,f'rD tvkyv f yk yf kH sorting twGuf
tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;? error check-
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qnf;yHk oabmw&m;rsm;udk ol\
uGefysLwmwGif t*Fvdyfpm\ vTrf;rkd;rI
udk ausmfvTm;Ekdif&ef Universal Multi-
pal Optic Coded Character Set
pepfwpfck ay:xGufvmap&ef Uni-
code Consortium ESifh International
Standards Organization (ISO) tzGUJ
tpnf;wkdY yl;aygif;í urÇmay:&Sd&SdorQ
bmompum;tm;vH;k twGuf pHowfrw S f
Ekdifa&;udk vkyfaqmifchJaMumif;? jrefrm
bmomtwGuv f nf; tkid ,
f mvefrS Mr.
Michael Everson rS BudKwifjyKpkí
Unicode Consortium wGif tBudrf
Budrf aqG;aEG;chJaMumif;? 1998-99 ck
ESpwf iG f jrefrm uk, d pf m;vS,f tzGUJ rsm;yg
wufa&mufí jrefrm Character Set
udk csrw S Ef idk cf aJh Mumif;? armifx;l jrifah emif
rSm 2004 ckESpf pufwifbmvrSmyif
MyMyanmar Unicode System udk
Partial uncoding vkyfEkdifchJaMumif;?
 udk,fawGUESifh,SOfum erlemjy oifMum;
ay;onf/
wpfaeYudk av;ig;em&Djzifh 3-4
&ufrQawGUNyD;aomtcg MyMyanmar
Unicode System onf rajymy
avmufonfh jypfcsufuav;rsm;rSvGJí
tpp tqifajy acsmarGUoGm;onf/
Linux ay:wG i f prf ; oyf & ef t wG u f
vnf; ukdodef;xG#fu olYwynfhjzpfol
ukzd ;kd vrif;ukd tyfay;onf/ udzk ;dk vrif;
uvnf ; tptqH k ; tul t nD a y;
onf/ xkdYaMumifh uHMur®m odkYr[kwf
uRefawmfwYdk ukd w&m;pGrJ nfoh u
l kd MuHzef
aus;Zl;wif&rnf/ xkdudpöom ray:chJ
vQif MyMyanmar onf ,ckavmuf
yHkyef;usrnfr[kwfwm aocsmonf/
udkodef;xG#frS oifjy nTefMum;chJ
aom pum;vHk;rsm;? Asnf;rsm;? o&rsm;
2004-05 ynmoifEpS w f iG f &efuek u
f eG f
ysLwmwuúodkvf yxrESpf ausmif;om;
tjzpf a&muf&v dS mchaJ Mumif;? uGeyf sLwm
wuúov kd rf S arG;xkwaf y;chaJ om ausmif;
om; wpfa,muftaejzifh EkdifiHtwGuf
ta&;ygaom vkyfief;pOfwGif yg0ifí
atmifjrifpGm taumiftxnfazmfEkdif
chJonfrSm tvGef 0rf;ajrmufzG,f jzpf
aMumif;? vGef chJ aom tESpf 20ausmfu
uGefysLwm wuúodkvftaejzifh wpfrsKd;
om;vHk;twGuf uGefysLwmay:wGif jref
rmpmudk toHk;csEkdif&ef tpysKd; okaw
oejyK vkyf aqmif Ekdif chJ o vdk ,aeY
vnf; pHjyKowfrw S x f m;aom jrefrmpm
pmjyKpepfwpfcu k kd uGeyf sLwmwuúov
u atmifjrifpGm taumiftxnfazmf
EkdifchJjcif;yifjzpfaMumif;? 'D tajctae
tpOftvmaumif; rsm;udk a&SUquf quf
vuf xdef;odrf;oGm;Ekdif&ef ,HkMunfyg
aMumif; ajymMum;chJonf/
cGJyHk? wGJyHk? sorting twGuf pOf;pm;yHkESifh
error checking twG u f erl e mjy
y½k*d &rfwYdkonf MyMyanmar twGuf
ta&;BuD;aom taxmuftyhHrsm; jzpf
onf/ xkdYjyif opentype tokH;jyKEdkif
&eftwGuf uniscribe vJzYkd ynm&Sirf sm;
yif tcufawGYaeonfukd ajz&Sif;ay;
Edkifa&;? pm&if;Z,m;rsm;wGif jrefrm
*Pef;rsm;ukd em;vnfapa&;wkdYudk vkyf
&efyg nTefMum;ay;cJhonf? vrf;jyay;cJh
onf/
MyMyanmar onf Unicode com-
pliant jzpfovm;
uRefawmfwkdYonf MyMyanmar
udk xkwfay;vkdufuwnf;u Unicode
Version 4.1 udk tjynfht0 vdkufem
onf[k xnhfoGif; azmfjychJygonf/
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh vHk;0razmfjychJyg/
Unicode version 4.1 rS owfrw S x
f m;
aom code point rsm;twkdif; My-
Myanmar udk taumiftxnfazmf
xm;aomfvnf; vGwfaeaom code
point rsm;ae&mwGif partial encoding
twGuf vkdtyfaom character rsm;udk
ae&m csxm;ay;ygonf/ Unicode
Standard twkdif; rendering vkyf
ovdk rendering udk support rvkyf
aom OS rsm;wGiv f nf; MyMyanmar
tvkyfvkyfap&ef &nf&G,fí xnfhoGif;
xm;jcif; jzpfonf/
Unicode Consortium taejzifr h l
¤if;u owfrSwfxm;aom code point
ae&mrsm;rSvGJí tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif
character rsm; ae&mcsxm;jcif; wpfcc
k k
kd f
ygvmu ¤if;wkdY owfrSwfxm;aom
pHESifh rudkufnD[k qHk;jzwfygonf/
MyMyanmar Unicode System ver-
sion 4.1 onf tqky
d gtcsuEf iS hf rudu
k f
nDyg/ okdYaomf tajymif;tvJ umv
vJjzpf Unicode Standard vnf; rNidrf
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
ao;onhftcsdefvnf; jzpfojzifh xkdudpö
udk uRefawmfwkdY vspfvsL½IchJonf/
xkdudpo ö nf rnfonfh rendering
udpu ö rkd Q taESmift h ,Surf jyKonft h jyif
true encoding r&onh f ae&mrsm;
twGufyg tqifajyapaomaMumifh
jyifqifjcif; vHk;0 rjyKvkyfchJyg/ aemuf
wpfcsufrSm tqdkyg partial twGuf
character rsm; rxnh f o G i f ; ch J y gu
jyóemwufvmEkdifonfh tcsufrSm
Unicode version 5.x twGuf jyif
qifcsufwifoGif;xm;aom proposal
ysufjy,foGm;Ekdifjcif;udkvnf; jyefMunhf
&ygonf/
Unicode consortium okdY wif
oGif;xm;aom proposal wGif yifh? &pf?
qGJ? xkd; oauFwrsm;udk implement
vkyfír&aMumif; taMumif;jyí wifjy
xm;&m MyMyanmar onf Unicode
4.1 twkdif; compliant jzpfatmif vkyf
Ekid o
f nfqv dk Qif tqkyd g proporsal ysuf
oGm;EkdifaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ ,ckyif
vQif yifh? &pf? qGJ? xkd; oauFwrsm;udk
xnhfoGif;Ekdifa&;tajctaerSm ra&r&m
jzpfaeonf/
uRef a wmf w k d Y onf Unicode
Standard udk tjynhft0 toHk;rcsEkdif
ao;rD unicode &eHYygaom pepfrsm;udk
user rsm;ESihf &if;ES;D ae&ef vktd yfonf[k
cH,lonf/ wpfcsdefu ASCII code
udkyif vufcHEkdifao;vQif unicode
standard wpf p d w f w pf y k d i f ; ud k v nf ;
toH k ; jyKapoif h o nf [ k cH , l o nf /
xkdYaMumihfyif partial character cod-
ing rsm;udk xnhfoGif;chJjcif; jzpfonf/
xkdYjyif MyMyanmar Unicode
System wGif rendering rule aygif;
rsm;pGmudk xnfhoGif;ay;xm;jcif;onf
vnf; Unicode Standard udk aoGznf
onf[k qkdcsif qkdEkdifonf/ Unicode
version 4.1 wGif uif;pD;jyóemonf
107
implement vkyo
f w
l idk ;f twGuf t"du
jyóemjzpfonf/ awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
onf rmwif\ UTN#11 ESihf ajz&Si;f zkYd
MudK;pm;Muonf/ Unicode Standard
font implement vkyo f l rsm;pGm &So
d nfh
teuf MyMyanmar tygt0if wpfck
ESpfckom uif;pD;jyóemudk ajz&Sif;Ekdif
onf/ okdYaomf ajz&Sif;yHk ajz&Sif;enf;
rwl M u/ MyMyanmar onf xk d
jyóemudk ajyvnfatmif rendering
rule rsm; xnhaf y;xm;onf/ Unicode
Consortium onf implement
vkyfyHkvkyfenf;udk guide om ay;xm;
onf/ rnfuhJokdY vkyfudkvkyf&rnf[k
owfrSwfrxm;/ MyMyanmar onf
Unicode rS owfrSwfay;xm;aom
abmiftwGif; implement vkyfxm;
onf/ wpfckawmh&Sdonf [kdra&muf
onfra&muf opentype font rsm;ESifh
awmh MyMyanamr udk EdIif;,SOfí r&
onfudkawmh owdcsyfapvkdygonf/
yif?h &pf? qGJ? xd;k udpö
yifh? &pf? qGJ? xdk;udpo ö nf &yifh?
&&pf? 0qGJESifh [xdk;udk implement
vkyí f r&aomaMumif[ h al omtaMumif;
jycsufjzifh jzpfvmjcif; jzpfonf/ aemif
xGufvmrnfh Unicode version 5.0
wGif uif;pD;ESifh yifh? &pf? qGJ? xdk;
oauFwrsm;udk xnfhoGif;&ef BudK;pm;
vmMuonf/ trSefpifppf yifh? &pf? qGJ?
xdk;udk vHk;0 implement vkyfí r&
r[kw/f &ygonf/ MyMyanmar Uni-
code System wGif yifh? &pf? qGJ? xdk;
jyóemudk ajz&Sif;xm;NyD; jzpfygonf/
tcsKdUu ajymMuonf/ yifh? &pf?
qGJ? xdk;rsm;onf data rsm; odrf;qnf;
&mwGif trSet f wdik ;f odr;f qnf;í r&[k
qdkonf/ ASCII Code tqifhudkom
jrifaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;u ajymMujcif;om
jzpfonf/ (yif?h &pf? qG?J xd;k oauFwudk
108
implement vkyí
f &aMumif; 1999 ckEpS f
Unicode Consortium WG 2 wGif
jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUu vufawGU
vkyfjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ okdYaomf aemifwGif
xnfhoGif;&ef vkdtyfrnf[k ,lqygu
jyefvnf xnfhoGif;cGifhjyK&ef Unicode
Consortium rS vuf c H c J h y gonf / )
Unicode Standard version 4.0 udk
taumiftxnfazmfMuaomtcg yif&h pf
qGJxdk;ESifh uif;pD;jyóemonf a&SUwef;
u a&mufvmygonf/ wpfckudk ajy
vnfatmif ajz&Si;f csdew f iG f aemufwpfck
u jyóemwufygonf/ ajz&Sif;í r&
Muyg/ ( MyMyanmar onf xd k
jyóemudk ajyvnfatmif ajz&Sif;jy
xm;NyD; jzpfygonf/)
uRef a wmf w k d Y onf uif ; pD ; ES i f h
yifh&pfqGJxdk; jyóemudk vufrcHyg/
azazmf0g&Dvu jyKvkyfcJhaom work-
shop wGi f bmha Mumif h vuf r cH E d k i f
onfudk pmwrf; a&;om; wifjycJhyg
onf/ okdYaomf aqG;aEG;yGJOD;aqmifol
rdkufu,ftDAmqifESifh rmwifwkdYu
uif;pD;jyóemudk ajyvnfatmif ajz
&Sif;Edkifjcif;udk vufcHcJhovkd Unicode
Standard version topfwGif xyfrH
xnfhoGif;jcif; rjyK&ef uRefawmfwkdY
wifjycsufudk vufcHcJhygonf/
xdkenf;wlyif yifh? &pf? qGJ? xdk;
jyóemudkvnf; vufawGU wifjycsuf
t& implement vk y f E d k i f o nf u k d
rdkufu,ftDAmqifwkdY vufcHygonf/
ok d Y a omf minority language ac:
wdkif;&if;om;bmompum;rsm;twGuf
taxmuftuljyK&efESifh jrefrmbmom
pum;twGuf implement vkyf&mwGif
ydkrdvG,fulap&eftwGuf taMumif;jy
csufaMumifh yifh? &pf? qGJ? xdk; oauFw
udk unicode version 5.x udk xnfo h iG ;f
&ef uRefawmfwYdk vufccH &hJ ygonf/ yif?h
&pf? qGJ? xdk; oauFwtjyif wdkif;&if;
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
om; bmompum;twGuf vdktyfaom
armufcsoauFwESifh jrefrmbmom
pum;wGif yg0ifaom ó udkvnf;
vkdtyfcsuft& xyfrH jznfhoGif;&ef
oabmwl c J h M uygonf / xd k Y tjyif
uif;pD;udkyg pmvHk;wpfvHk;taeESifh
xnfhoGif;&ef MudK;pm;MuaomaMumifh
xl;jrifhaemifuyif uif;pD;twGuf en-
coding model topfwpfck xGif um
ajz&Sif;ay;cJh&onf/ xdk encoding
model topfonf vuf&Sd jrefrmpm
uif;pD; jyoemomru ygVdESifh ouúw
wGif &Sdaeaom tvm;wl jyoem ESpfck
udkyg &Sif;oGm;apcJhonf/
tqdkyg yifh? &pf? qGJ? xdk; oauFw
udk xnfo h iG ;f NyD; twnfjyKrnfu
h mvrSm
2006 ck E S p f ? {NyD 24-28 WG2
tpnf;ta0;wGif jzpfaomfvnf; xkd
umv rwkid rf u D wnf;u Unicore ac:
Unicode Consortium twGi;f tpnf;
ta0;wGif tjiif;tckef jzpfaeMuyg
onf / ISO onf csrS w f N yD ; aom
Unicode Standard wpfckukd jyifqif
&ef BudK;pm;jcif; onf Standard udk
tav;rxm;jcif;? csK;d azmufjcif;[kqu kd
first tracking ac: tBudKwifjycsuf
udkyif vufrcHcsifyg/
uRefawmfwYdk onf tqkyd g yif?h &pf?
qGJ? xdk; oauFwrsm; vmrnfh Uni-
code version rsm;ü twnfjyKay;Edkif
a&;twGuf unicode wGif wpfcsdefvHk;
yg0if aqG;aEG;cJyh gonf/ xl;jrifah emifrmS
mid-term pmar;yGJ&SdaeonfhMum;rSyif
rdu
k uf ,ftAD mqifEiS hf rmwifwYdk twGuf
vd k t yf a om tcsuf t vuf r sm;ES i f h
vuf&dS &Sad eaom unicode version 4.1
data rsm;udpöyg aqG;aEG;&ygonf/
rdkufu,fESifh rmwifwkdYonf oD;jcm;
pmwrf;ESpfapmif wifjyEdkifcJhygonf/
onfae&mwGif uRefawmfwkdY ajym
csifonfrSm yifh? &pf? qGJ? xdk; udpu ö dk
xnfhoGif;&ef oabmrwlcJhaomfvnf;
workshop rS trsm;ESifh oabmwl
qHk;jzwfNyD;aom udpöudk uRefawmfwkdY
onf ab;xGufxdkifraeovkd tqkdyg
qH k ; jzwf c suf ysuf o G m ;atmif v nf ;
rBudK;yrf;onfhjyif trsm;oabmwl
qHk;jzwfcsufudk Unicode rS vufcHvm
atmif axmufcH vkyfaqmifcJhjcif;udkyif
jzpfygonf/ MyMyanmar Unicode
System wGif yif?h &pf? qG?J xd;k tygt0if
uif;pD;oauFwrsm;udk implement
vkyfxm;Edkifygonf/ okdYaomf xdkudpu ö dk
Unicore wGif vH;k 0 raqG;aEG;bJ imple-
ment vHk;0 vkyfr&onfhbufrS jywf
jywfom;om; &yfwnfcJhygonf/
xd k e nf ; wl y if MyMyanmar
Unicode System udk w&m;0if jzefYa0
onfhtcgwGifvnf; jrefrmbmomjzifh
om Unicode 4.1 udk tjynfht0 vdkuf
emonf[k a&;xm;ygonf/ t*Fvdyf
bmomjzifh fully compliant [k azmfjy
rxm;yg/ uRef a wmf w k d Y onf rd r d
t"dyÜm,f rdrdt,ltqjzifh tjynfht0
vdkufemonf[k qdkcJhjcif;om jzpfonf/
rdrdwkdYtaejzifh oabmwlwl rwl
wl trsm;u vdktyfonf[k tm;vHk;
oabmwlvufcNH yD;onft h cg uReaf wmf
wkdYbmompum;twGufjzpfaom xkd
oabmwl c suf u d k Unicode Con-
sortium rS vufcHEdkifa&;rSm uRefawmf
wkdYbmom uRefawmfwkdY owfrSwfay;
aom wm0efwpf&yf jzpfygonf/
ajrmufajym pum;vHk;rsm;udk acsyjcif;
oufouf r[kwfyg/ tjzpfrSefrsm;ESifh
tajctaersm;udk uRefawmftaejzifh
wifjyjcif;omjzpfygonf/ <um;vH;k xkwf
onf[k ,lqyguvnf; uRefawmf
rjiif;yg/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif uGefysLwmokH;
jrefrmpmpepf jzpfay:a&; udpö tm;vkH;
wGif ASCII rSonf Unicode txd
uRefawmfESifh uif;ukd ruif;jcif;aMumifh
jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh tajctaepHkudk
uRefawmfwkdY &Sif;jyrSjzpfrnf? vkdvm
onf[k ,lqí wifjy&jcif; jzpfyg
onf/
txufwpfae&mwGif wifjycJo h vkd
jrefrmpmudpo ö nf ,ckrS ajcvSrf;wpf
vSrf;om vSrf;&ygao;onf/ uRefawmf
wkdYwpfawG vkyfp&mrsm; trsm;tjym;
usefygao;onf/ uRefawmfwkdYtvkyf
uRefawmfwkdY qufvkyf&ygOD;rnf/ a&m
aeaom ig;ESizhf m;avmif;? b,ft&mu
ig;? b,ft&mu zm; [lí tcsdefu
cGJjcm;ay;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ rnfonfh
t&mrqdk ajym&onfhtvkyfonf vG,f
ygonf/ tvkyf wu,fvkyfzkdY rvG,f
yg/ tvkyf wu,frvkyfbJESifh tvkyf
vkyfolwkdYudk ]'gav;rsm; vG,fvG,f
av;? igwdkYvJ vkyfwwfygw,f? rvkyf
csiv f Ydkyg? rif;vkyw
f mMuD;unHvh ukd wf m}
qkdolrsm;twGuf yHkjyifav;wpfck vuf
aqmifay;vdkygonf/ zwfMunfhyg/
e,fopfy,fopf &SmazGwJh
udkvHAwfudk *kPfjyK{nfhcHwJhyGJrSm
remvkdolawGu ajymMuw,f/
bmqef;wmvdkufvkdY? 'gav;rsm;
igwkdYvJ 'grsKd;awmh twwfom;
aygh/ udkvHAwfu ajymw,f/ uJ
vkyfwwfw,fqkd&if a[m'D pm;yGJ
ay:u MuufOjyKwfudk bmeJYrS
rxdef;bJ axmifjyEdkifovm;aygh/
udk,fawmfacsmawG toHrxGuf
awmhbl;/ 'DawmhrS udkvHAwfu
MuufOjyKwfu, kd Nl yD; aqmifch svduk f
w,f/ NyD;awmh axmifjyvdkuf
w,f/ 'DawmhvJ apmapmu vl
awGu yGpdyGpdeJY 'grsKd;awmh igwkdY
vkyfwwfom;yJaygh/ udkvHAwfu
wpfcGef;yJ ajymygw,f/ ]cifAsm;wkdY
vkad wmh uReaf wmfvJ ajymwwfwm
yJ}wJh/
,ck wifjycJhonfh taMumif;t&m
tm;vH;k onf uReaf wmfwYdk vkyEf ikd ?f wwf
Edkifwmrsm;udk ajymjy wifjycJhjcif;om
jzpfygonf/
h l
jrifo
(uRefawmfhb0twGuf pmtkyf ESpftkyf
a&;aeygw,f/ wpftkyfu Typogra-
phies of Myanmar Script emrnfeJY
t*FvdyfbmomeJY a&;aewm jzpfjyD; in-
ternational edition xkwfrSm jzpfyg
w,f/ aemufwpftkyfu ]uGefysLwm
jrefrmpm 15 ESpcf &D;} qdw k hJ pmtkyjf zpfjyD;
tck azmfjyxm;wJh taMumif;t&mawG
uawmh tJ'DpmtkyfxJu aumufEkwf
azmfjycsufawGom jzpfygw,f/)

ed*;kH
azmfjycJhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;
onf MyMyanmar ESifh ywfouf
qufET,faom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
od E d k i f & ef E S i f h Unicode Standard
taMumif;udk vltrsm; tenf;i,frQ
jzpfap oabmaygufap&ef &nf&G,fyg
onf/ vlwpfpkwpfzGJU\ awmifajym
MyMyanmar Unicode System (Unicode version 4.1) ukd
tokH;jyKvkdolrsm;taejzifh uGefysLwm*sme,fwkdufwGif
vma&mufí tcrJh ul;,lEdkifygonf/
okYdr[kwyf guvnf; tifwmeufwiG f www.mymyanmar.net rS
downlaod vky, f El ikd yf gonf/

110 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

 UNICODE
NyD;cJhwJh 'DZifbmvu MyMyan-
mar tygt0if Alpha Unicode, Geo-
comp Myanmar rS tu,f'rD Unic-
ode wdkYonf Unicode font wpfckudk
yHkwlul;csxm;onf? wpfpdwfwpfydkif;
ul;csxm;onf qdkNyD;Font Developer
wpfOD;u Technomation studio odkY
vnf;aumif;? Alpha-Info Tech odkY
vnf;aumif;? Geocomp Myanmar
odYk vnf;aumif; a&SUaewpfO;D rS wpfqifh
EdkYwpfpm ay;ydkYcJhygonf/ tqdkyg ay;ydkY
csufESifhywfoufí GeocompMyan-
mar rS Managing Director OD;odef;
xGef;u oufqdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rSwpf
qifh &Sif;vif;wifjycJh&m tqdkygwifjy
csufonf Unicode Standard qdkif&m
odrSwfp&mrsm;yg0ifaeí rl&if;twdkif;
emrnfrsm;jzKwfí wifjyvdkufygonf/
(1) urÇ m ay:&S d bmompum;
tm;vH;k twGuf uGeyf sLwmoH;k pmvH;k rsm;
jyKvyk &f ef Unicode Consortium tzGUJ rS
Unicode Space [0000 rS FFFF txd
pmvHk;aygif; 65536 vHk;twGuf] tm;
wDxGifcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ ¤if;rS Uni-
code Space wDxi G cf jhJ cif;r[kwyf g/ odYk
jzpfí Unicode Space tm; rlydkifcGifh&Sd
olrmS rlvwDxiG o f l Unicode Consor-
tium tzGJUom jzpfygonf/
(2) Unicode Space 0000 rS
FFFF twGif; jrefrmpmvHk;rsm;twGuf
Unicode Space 1000 rS 109F tm;
owfrSwftoHk;jyK&eftwGuf MITSC
(Myanmar Information Technol-
ogy Stardardization Comittee) rS
aqmif&u
G cf o
hJ nfv
h yk if ef;pOfwpfavQmuf
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
qdw
k m
vHk;wGif ¤if;rS yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhjcif;
tvsOf;r&Sdyg/ [MITSC tzGJUwGif tzGJU
0if ckepfOD;yg0ifygonf/ OD;cifarmif
vGi?f OD;jyHK;armifarmif? a'gufwmatmif
armf ? OD ; aomif ; wif ? OD ; od e f ; xG # f ?
OD;xGef;wifESifh OD;aomfaumif;wdkY jzpfyg
onf / xd k Y a Mumif h jref r m Unicode
Space rsm;onf ¤if;\ tm;xkwfrI
aMumifjh zpfay:vmonfh &v'fr[kwyf g/
(3)jrefrmpmvHk;rsm;twGuf owf
rSwfxm;aom Unicode Space 1000
rS 109F twGuf jrefrmpmvHk; Asnf;?
udef;? o& ponfh (78) vHk;tm; Uni-
code Space pHowfrSwfonfh vkyfief;
pOfwpfavQmufvHk;wGifvnf; MITSC
rSom aqmif&u G cf NhJ yD;? ¤if;rS yg0ifaqmif
&Gucf jhJ cif; tvsOf;r&Syd g/ ¤if;rS ,aeYxd
rnfonfh jrefrm tu©&mpmvH;k wpfv;kH rQ
pHtjzpf owfrSwftoHk;jyK&ef raqmif
&GufEdkifao;yg/(MITSC tzGJU0ifrsm;
taejzifh trSwfpOf (2) ESifh (3) vkyfief;
pOftm;vHk; tcsdefumv 2 ESpfausmfESifh
rdrdwdkY ÓPtm;? um,tm;ESifh toHk;
p&dwf rdrw d Ykd usco H ;kH pGí J aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;
jzpfygonf/ þodkY aqmif&GufcJhjcif;
twGuf MITSC tzGJU\ tzGJU0ifrsm;
tm; EdkifiHawmfrS pufrIodyÜHxl;cRefqk
'kwd,tqifh csD;jr§ifh *kPfjyKay;cJhyg
onf/)
(4) MITSC rS aqmif&u G cf o
hJ nfh
trSwfpOf (2) ESifh (3) aqmif&Gufcsuf
rsm;rS xGufay:vmonfh &v'fjzpfonfh
jrefrm,leDuk'f Space (1000 rS 109F)
160 uGuEf iS hf jrefrmtu©&mpmvH;k (78)
vHk;tm; ¤if;rS ¤if;\ Unicode Space
wGif wpfvHk;rusef ¤if;\ rlv tMuH
ÓPf ryg&SdbJ ,liifoHk;pGJxm;ygonf/
usef&Sdonfh Unicode Space uGufvyf
(blank) rsm;onf tjcm;aom jrefrm
wdkif;&if;om; bmompmvHk;rsm;twGuf
vsmxm;onfh (&Srf;? ucsif? u,m;?
u&if ponfrsm;twGuf MITSC rS
xkdpOfuyif pOf;pm;&,lxm;ay;cJhonfh)
Code Space tvGwfrsm;jzpfygonf/
xdw k ikd ;f &if;om;bmompmvH;k rsm;twGuf
vsmxm;onfh vwfwavmtm;jzifh
uGufvyf (blank) jzpfaeonfh Uni-
code Space rsm;wGif ¤if;rS jrefrm
tu©&mpmvH;k xyfymG ;pmvH;k rsm;(xyfqif?h
ygXfqifh? &yifh? &&pf BuD;?ao;? xdyf
jywf ? zif a yguf ? a&S U ayguf ? a&S U
atmufujrifh? aemufatmufujrifh
ponfh Unicode tppfrsm;r[kwfonfh
(Unicode [k pHowfrSwfí rnfonfh
tcgrQ r&rnfh jrefrmtu©&mpmvH;k rsm;)
tm; vwfwavm tqifajy toHk;jyK
Edkif½HktwGuf (Font tjzpf) xnfhoGif;
cJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh
bmrQ rodonfh omrefueG yf sLwm User
tm; Trick vSnfhpm;jcif;om jzpfyg
onf/ þodkY blank jzpfaeonfh Uni-
code Space rsm;twGif; (..............
rS.............) xd xnfhoGif;jcif;tm; ¤if;
taejzifh wDxiG o f w
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trSefwu,frSm þodkY Code Space
twGif; omref Font wpfck xnfhoGif;
½HkrQ aqmif&Gufjcif;onf enf;ynm wD
xGifjcif; r[kwfyg/ Code Space udk
¤if;taejzifh ,lí toHk;jyKjcif; Code
111
Space user wpf O D ; omjzpf y gonf /
MITSC tzG J U rS aqmif & G u f c J h o nf h
&v'ftm; omrefwpfO;D wpfa,mufru
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aqmif&u G of nfh Code Space tm; Use
toHk;csjcif;? vkyfjcif;onf ¤if;omru
wjcm; rnfol wpfO;D wpfa,mufurkd qdk
wef;wlnDwl toHk;jyKcGifh&Sdygonf/
Code Space rnfol wpfO;D wpfa,muf
urQ rlyikd &f ,lciG hf r&Syd g/ Font pmvH;k yHpk H
txl? tyg;? bJOyH?k av;axmifyh kH ponfh
pmvH;k yHpk H Font design only udo k mvQif
wpfpHkwpfOD;u rdrdjyKvkyfí rlydkifvkyfcGifh
&Syd gonf/ Code Space toH;k jyKjcif;udk
rlydkif&,lcGifhr&Sdyg/ Unicode \ rl&if;
t"dyÜm,ftwdkif; Code Space wpfck
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 NEW PRODUCTS
ROCK XTREME 64
Athon 64x 2 4800 + processor ESifh Ge Force Go 6800
Ultra graphic card rsm;udk wyfqif xm;&Sdojzifh power
laptop trsKd;tpm;[k qdkEkdifonf/ Laptop trsKd;tpm;
SAMSUNG Q 30 rsm;wGif Dual-core processor udk yxrqHk; wyfqif
a&mif;csjcif; jzpfonf/qufvufí graphic card
Ultra portable laptop
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tjzpf ñTef;qdkxm;onf/
xkwfvkyf&ef &nf&G,fxm;aMumif; od&onf/
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rDvDrDwmom&Sdí
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xkwfvkyfum wpfckudk a':vm aiG 2600 cefY
jzifh wefzdk; owfrSwf a&mif;csvsuf&Sdonf/
SANYO XACT E6

½dkufuGif;csdefnd§rIESifh jyefvnfppfaq;rIwdkYtwGuf wyfqif

ay;xm;aom view screen av;udk 3 vufr t&G,ftpm;
ywfay;xm;onfh 'pf*spfw,fuifr&mav;jzpfonf/
,aeYtcsdeftxd xGufay:vmNyD;aom 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mrsm;teuf view screen tBuD;qHk;uifr&m[k
qkd&rnf/ E6 wGif 6.37 MP CCD serson av; wyfqifxm;
&SdNyD; 3x optical zoom vnf; yg&Sd\/ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;
½dkuful;onfhtcg 80 fps EIef;xm; ay;xm;um resolution
640 x 480 txd &&SdEkdifonf/ ¤if;wGif 16 MB internal
memory yg&Sdonfhtjyif 512 MB SD card toifhygvm
ygvdrhfrnf/ owfrSwfwefzdk;rSm a':vm 420 cefY jzpfonf/

114 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

 NEW PRODUCTS

SANYO LC5 & LD 5

High -difinition TV trsKd;tpm;rsm;jzpfonf/ LC5 & LD5 wdkYudk
jrifuGif;tus,f 27 vufrESifh 32 vufrwdkYjzifh cGJjcm;owfrSwf
xm;&Sdonf/ ¤if;wkdY 550 cd/m2 yrmPjzifh brightness udk tm;jyK
ay;xm;jyefonf/ Contrast ratios rSm vnf; 900: ESifh 1000 wdkYudk
&&SdEkdifonf/ LC5 trsKd; tpm;wGifrl built-in digital tuner yg
yg&Sdonf/ aps;uGufodkY wifykdYa&mif;csjcif; r&Sdao;jcif;aMumifh
wefzdk;owfrSwfcsufrsm; rod&Sd&ao;ay/

m PACK P 600

Portable media player av;jzpfonf/ Resolution 480x 272 &Sdaom

LCD screen wyfqifyg&Sdonfhtjyif4W stero speakers av;
rsm;vnf; built -in yg&Sdvmonf/ PDA wpfvHk;\ vkyfief;
aqmifwmrsm;tm;vHk;udk aqmif&Guf vkyfukdifEkdifrnfjzpf\/ GPS
pepfudkvnf; toHk;csEkdifao;onf/ ¤if;wGif 20 GB
yrmP&Sdaom hard drive av; yg&SdaomaMumifh media files
rsm; pdwfBudKuf xnfhoGif; ,laqmifoGm;Ekdifonf/ yDpDrSjzpfap?
USB device wpfckckrSjzpfap? rnfonfh data rqdk wkduf½dkuf
transfer vkyfEkdifonf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm
680 a':vm jzpfonf/

EVESHAM MINI PC
vufz0g; wpf0g;pmrQ&Sdum vufwpfzufwnf;jzifh udkifwG,f
,lEkdifaom tao;pm; yDpDav;wpfvHk;jzpfonf/ tav;csdef
tm;jzifhvnf; 1.9 uDvkd*&rfom av;onf/ ¤if;udk Pentium
M trsKd;tpm;ESifh wpfrsKd;? Caleron M processor jzifh
wpfrsKd; xkwfvkyfa&mif;csvsuf&Sdonf/ xkdYtjyif 512 MB-
DDR RAM ESifh 40 GB yrmP&Sd hard drive wdkYudkvnf; yl;wGJ
wyfqifay;xm;ygonf/ Processor trsKd;tpm;tvdkuf
owfrSwfwefzdk;udk 850 a':vmESifh a':vm 1000 [lí cGJjcm;
owfrSwfxm;onf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 115

 NEW PRODUCTS

TRUST SP - 2940

tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;
Ekdifaom pyDumav;rsm;
jzpfonf/ aomwtm½HkcH
ud&d,mav;rsm;jzifh wGJzuf
toHk;jyKEkdifrnfjzpf\/ TRUST GM- 5200
txl;ojzifh iPod twGuf oGm;av&m o,faqmifoGm;Ekdifrnfh rD'D,m player ypönf; ud&d,mav;
&nfnTef;xkwfvkyfcJhjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ *drf;rsm;udk upm;EkdifrnfjzpfouJhodkY AD'D,dk½kyf&Sifav;rsm;udkvnf;
tjzLa&mif udk,fxnfav;jzifh ½Ipm;Ekdifygvdrhfrnf/ tcsdefMumMum toHk;jyKEkdifap&eftvdkYiSm tydkaqmif;
tvGefvSy cspfpzG,faumif; bufx&DwpfvHk;yg xnfhoGif;ay;xm;onf/ Trust ukrÜPDrS
vSonf/ rnfonfh 3.5mm xkwfvkyfxm;jcif;aMumifh wpfvHk;vQif a':vm 30 cefYjzifhom
connection jzifhrqdk csdwfquf a&mif;csvsuf&Sdonf/
,lEkdifonf/ Frequency
twdkif;twmrSm 10 Hz ESifh
20,000 Hz &Su d m wpfcck sif;
output power rSm 2.4 w
RMS jzpfonf/ xdk pyDum
wpfpHkudk 34 a':vmjzifh
a&mif;cs owfrSwfxm;onf/

TOSHIBA RD -T1

HDTV ½kyfjrifoHMum;pufrsm;udk urÇmESifht0ef; ajymif;vJ

wyfqif toHk;jyKaeMuNyDjzpfojzifh ¤if;ESifhtwl wGJzuf
toHk;jyKEkdif&ef &nf&G,fí Toshiba ukrÜPDrS ITB txd odkrSD;
xm;Ekdifrnfh hard disk recorder ukd xkwfvkyfvdkufjcif;
jzpfonf/ tu,fí ½kyf&SifZmwfvrf;rsm;? armfuGef;½kyf&Sifrsm;
udk em&Daygif; 130 txd odkrSD; ul;,lxm;Ekdifonf/
avmavmq,ftm;jzifh *syefaps;uGuftwGuf ,ef;aiG
228000 jzifh a&mif;csvsuf&Sdonf/

116 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

 NEW PRODUCTS

JVC XM- C 37
tvGefvSyoyf&yfaom toGiftjyifav;jzifh victor ukrÜPDrS
xkwfvkyfaom Mini Disc player av;jzpfonf/
omreftqifhjzifh em;qifrnfqkdygu 55 em&D txd
toHk;jyKEkdifNyD; Long-play mode jzifh toHk;jyKygu
105 em&Dtxd &&SdEkdifonf/ avmavmq,f *syefaps;uGufwGif
om ,ef;aiG 20000 jzifh a&mif;csvsuf &Sdaeygao;onf/

Asus W Carbon Editior

udk,fxnfudk umAGefjzifh jyKvkyfxm;onff pyg,f&S,f armf',f

trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif 1.86 GHz Pentium M 750 processor udk
wyfqifxm;um DDR -RAM rSmvnf; 1 GB yrmP &Sdonf/
tvGefvSyaom yHkpH'DZkdif;ESifh ta&miftaoG;rsm; &Sdaeojzifh
jrifvkduf&olwkdif; oabmusESpfNcdKufrI &SdMuonf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm
2380 a':vm jzpfonf/

PANASONIC TOUGH-BOOK CF - W4 & CF-T4

tMurf;cH vufqGJ uGefysLwmav;jzpfonf/ CF- W4 ESifh CF-T4 [lí
wpfNydKifwnf; ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm; xkwfvkyfvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ T-4 onf
1.5 uDvdk*&rf av;um W-4 onf 1.2 uDvdk*&rfom av;onf/
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udk,fxnfrsm;udk r*¾eDpD,rfowåKa&mjzifh jyKvkyfxm;ojzifh 100
uDvdk*&rfav;aom tav;csdefjzifh ydaeonfhwkdif cHEkdif&nf&Sdum
twkduftcdkuf tyGef;tyJh'Pfrsm;twGuf tmrcHcsuf ay;xm;ojzifh
tMurf;cH Tough Book [k trnfay;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/
xnfhoGif;yg&SdrI tajctaeESpfrsKd;aMumifh aps;EIef;udkvnf;
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a':vm 3000 cefYpD owfrSwf a&mif;csvsuf&Sdonf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 117

NEW PRODUCTS

LG GSA-5169 D
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118 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f


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Dante's Awakening Spe-
cial Edition rSm tawmf
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wpfcsed w
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update udk wefzdk;xm;rdvdrhf
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w&m;u w&m;vGefcufcJ
jcif;aMumifhyg/ 'gayr,fh
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olrsm;rSm ydkí csOf;uyf0if
a&mufvmEkdifayr,fh game-
play rSmawmh tawmfav;
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3 udk xdr k Qx;l uJ aumif;rGew
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
(REVIEW) ART OF GAME
paper u tp bmrSef;nm
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119
 ART OF GAME (REVIEW)
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 121

 ART OF GAME (PREVIEW)
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NEW PRODUCT IN YANGON

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138 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

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r&Srd jzpf Windows

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operating system tjzpf xnfhoGif;jznfhqnf; vnfywfaponfhwkdif
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wpfckawmh vdktyfaeygvdrhfrnf/ Windows twGif; Utilities

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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 139


PHOTO EDITING TOOLS
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PAINT BOX 2.26
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PHOTOBIE 1.9
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toifhtwifh acwfrD
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layer image editing
vkyfief;pOfvSvSav;awGay;
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tions udk wpfqifh odkYr[kwf
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files rsm;yg0ifaom ICO udk
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 143

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[Ref: Essential Window
Tools]

144 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

 uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
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146 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

 uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

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(lens) udk jrifui G ;f wGif csed n
jcif;ESihf "mwfykH ½du
k , f jl cif;wdYk
wGif wpfNydKifwnf; oH;k xm;wJh
pepf jzpfygw,f/ 'pf*spw
uifr&mrsm;rSm tqdkyg SLR
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f ,f
wJh jrifuGif;udk uifr&m\ qGzJ ,fvu kd yf gw,f/ apmapm odkavSmifrSwfÓPf ypönf;rSm
LCD rSm jrifae&NyD; ½du k v f u
kd f u csdefxm;wJh tvif;onf yHkazmfvdkufjcif; jzpfygw,f/
wJh yHkonfvnf; rdrd csdefnd§ rSecf u
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jzwfoef; 0ifaecsdefrSm rSef
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tvif;jzm rSef (prism) u
f §d wpfqifh a&mifjyef[yfapNyD;
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 147


ykrH sm;ukd t&G,af jymif;zk&Yd m
Q uRefawmfh'pf*spfw,f
uifr&meJY yHkrsm; ½dkuf,l&mrSm
resolution udk 72 eJY ay;yg
w,f/ yHkt&G,ftpm;uawmh
tawmfBuD;ygw,f/ tJ'g vdk
csifwJh t&G,ftpm;udk t&nf
taoG; rysufapbJ ajymif;vdk
ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh 300
resolution xm;NyD; yHk t&G,f
tpm;rS m 4_6 vuf r ?
zvifEiS hf 'pf*spw
f ,f
Q zvifoHk; uifr&mrsm;
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pixels rnfrQ&dSonf[k wGuf
Edkifygovm;/ zvifoHk; uif
r&m yHkxGufESifh 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&m yHkxGufwdkY rnfonf
u ydkí aumif;EdkifygovJ/
A ¤if;ar;cGef;udk wduspGm
ajzzdkY&m rvG,fulyg/ zvif
oH;k uifr&mrsm;rSm jrifuiG ;f udk
zvifay:wGif okwv f rd ;f xm;
onfh "mwkaq;&nfrsm;\
tvif;ESifh awGUxdNyD; "mwfjyK
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148
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
ydkYpuwfqdkuf jzpfygw,f/
b,fvdk ajymif;oifhygovJ/
A yHkrsm;udk jyKjyif ajymif;
vJ & mrS m Adobe Photo-
shop aqmhz0 f u
J kd oH;k ygw,f/
Oyrmtm;jzifh 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&meJY ½dkuf,lxm;aom yHk
wpfyHkonf 'JPEG 890KB,
2304x1728, 32"x24" qdy k g
pdkY/ ¤if;udk Photoshop wGif
"mwfyt kH jzpf ul;ajymif; xkwf
,l&mrSmvnf; "mwfjyKrI jzpf
pOft& yHu k kd azmfxw
k af y;jcif;
jzpfygw,f/ ¤if;wdYkwiG f zvif
ay:wGif okwfvdrf;xm;aom
"mwkaq;&nf\ txl? tyg;
ponfh t&nftaoG;udk ]*&dr}f
(grain) [laom pum;vHk;udk
oH k ; ygw,f / Pixels [l í
r&dyS g/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh "mwk
trIeftpufrsm;udk tajccHNyD;
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jzpfí yHkaumif;wpfyHk &zdkY&m
zviftrsKd;tpm;? uifr&m
trsKd;tpm;eJY "mwfyHkul;wJh
puú L om; trsKd ; tpm;rsm;
ay:rSmvnf; rlwnfygw,f/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
tqdyk g yHu k kd Image > Image
Size... jzifz h iG v
hf u
kd yf g/ Image
Size dialog box wGif tqdy kg
yH\
k t&G,t f pm;? pixels ta&
twGuf ponfwdkYudk awGU&
ygrnf/ ¤if; resolution onf
72 jzpfae&m 300 [k ajymif;
vd k u f y gu pixels ta&
twGuf rsm;vmonfudk awGU
&ygrnf/ wu,fwrf;wGif
¤if;onf pixels rsm;udk rl&if;
xuf rsm;pGm wd;k vdu k jf cif;om
jzpf í yH k \ t&nf t aoG ;
aumif;rvmawmhbJ avsmh
oGm;ygrnf/ odkYjzpfí dialog
box \ atmufajc&dS 'Re-
sample Image:' udk a&G;cs,f
xm;jcif;rS jzKwfvkdufyg/ xdkY
aemuf resolution udk 300
[k½u kd x
f nfyh g/ xdt k cg pixels
udk tajymif;tvJ rvkyfawmh
bJ t&G,ftpm;udk csKHUay;
'pf*spwf ,f uifr&mrsm;
ay:cgprSm ¤if;wdkY\ yHkxGuf
onf zvifuifr&mrsm;udk
rnfodkYrQ rrDEdkif[k wGufudef;
xkwfcJhzl;ygw,f/ tcktcsdef
rsm;rSm '6 to 9 megapixels'
tqifh&dS uifr&mrsm;\ yHk
xGufonf taumif;qHk;qdk
vdkufonfudk awGU&ygrnf/
qd k v d k o nf r S m t&nf
taoG; tjynfht0&,l&ef yHk
t&G,ftpm;udk ao;ay;vdkuf
jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkokdYao;oGm;
onfhwkdif oif y&ifhxkwf,l
rnfh t&G,fxufawmh BuD;ae
ygOD;rnf/ rlvyHk t&G,ftpm;
onf 32"x24" jzpf&m reso-
lution jr§ifhvdkufonfhtwGuf
7.68"x 5.76" odYk ajymif;oGm;
ygrnf/ odkYwdkif oifvdktyf
onfh 4"x6" t&G,x f ufawmh
BuD;aeygao;onf/ wpfenf;
tm;jzifh rlvt&nftaoG;
ravsmh E d k i f y g/ od k Y twG u f
t&G,ftpm;udk oif ESpfouf
ovdk ajymif;NyD; ½dkufxnfhyg/
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(width) pixels udk vdkcsifwJh
resolution eJY pm;Munfhyg/
t&G,ftpm;udk &ygr,f/
onfh zvifuifr&m yHx k u
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megapixels rsm; ydkrdk vdktyf
ygOD;r,f/

tjrifq
h ;Hk pixels
Q 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m
rsm;0,f,&l mrSm megapixels
rnf r Qtxd u d k 0,f o if h y g
ovJ / wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h
yHkaumif;wpfyHk &zdkY&m pixel
rnfrQtxd vdktyfygovJ/
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twGuf ]]oifonf rnfonfh
&nf&G,fcsufeJY 'pf*spfw,f
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"mwfyHk½dkufzdkYvm;/ armf',f
r,f rsm; udk ½dkufay;csifwm
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yH k a umif ; wpf y H k xG u f zdkY&m
uifr&mtay: rlwnfovdk yHk
xkwrf ,fh y&ifwmeJY aq;&nf
trsKd;tpm;? y&ifhpuúLom; 4 inches x 300 ppi =1200
ponfwYt kd ay:rSmvnf; rlwnf
Pixels ESihf bit b,fvu
dk mG
Q 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m
rsm;wG i f oH k ; onf h pixel
[l a om toH k ; tEI e f ; onf
uGefysLwmrsm;wGif oHk;Mu
onfh bit, byte ponf pum;
vH;k rsm;eJY qufpyfr&I ySd govm;/
A &dSygw,f/ 'pf*spfw,f
uifr&mrsm;[m uGeyf sLwmrsm;
vnf; jzpfygw,f/ uGeyf sLwm
rsm; ay:vmNyD; aemufqufwJG
jzpfxeG ;f vmwJh enf;ynmrsm;
jzpfygw,f/
Pixel udk 1-bit vdkY ajym
uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
aeygw,f/ vuf&dStm;jzifh yHk
aumif ; wpf y H k xk w f E d k i f & ef
tjrifhqHk; t&nftaoG;onf
300 dpi (dots per inch) jzpf
ygw,f/ wpfvufrtwGif;
tpufaygif; 300 &do S ifw h ,f
vdkY qdkvdkygw,f/
'pf*spfw,f uifr&mxJ
u yHtk &nftaoG;onf pixel
ac: tpuf u av;rsm;\
ta&twGuf ppi (pixels per
inch) jzpfovdk y&ifwm xkwf
r,fh t&nftaoG;onfvnf;
dpi (dots per inch) jzpfyg
w,f/ ESpfrsKd;pvHk;rSm tpuf 10 inches x 300 ppi = 3000
6 inches x 300 ppi = 1800
uav;rsm;&JU ta&twGuu f kd pixels
pixels
tajccHMuwmyg/ 1200 x 1800 =
2400 x 3000 =7200000
oif o nf trS w f w & 2160000 pixels = pixels = 7.2 megapixels
"mwfyHk½dkufzdkY&m 4" x 6" (ydkY 2.16 megapixels vdy k gr,f/ vdkygr,f/
puwf) t&G,feJY wGufMu& 8_10 vufr t&G,f 'Dae&mrSm t&nftaoG;
atmif - yHkBuD;BuD;udk &,lzdkY&m - udk odyfaumif;p&m rvdkbl;
8 inches x 300 ppi = 2400 qdk&if 200 ppi eJY wGufEdkif
pixels pixels ygw,f/
Edik yf gw,f/ Bit onf uGeyf sL yif pixel wpfckudk ta&mif lors, 4 bits for sixteen
wm enf;ynmrSm tajccH wefzdk;ESpfckeJY wnfaqmufyg colors ponf udk,fpm;jyK
tusqHk; ,lepfwpfckyg/ Bit w,f/ ¤if;onf teufa&mif xm;Muygw,f/
wpfcrk mS ude;f aowefz;kd okn eJY tjzLa&mifqdkygawmh/ ¤if;
(0) odkYr[kwf wpf (1) &dSyg udk bit map wpfckvdkYvnf;
w,f/ ¤if;onf x&efppöwm oH k ; ygw,f / ta&mif a wG
rSwpfqifh vQyfp;D aMumif; rpD; twGuf 2 bits for four co-
0ifEdkifjcif; (oauFw-okn)
eJY pD;0ifEdkifjcif; (oauFw-
wpf) udk tajccH wnfaqmuf
xm;ygw,f/ ¤if; 8-bits udk
one byte vdkY owfrSwfyg
w,f/ One byte onf cha-
racter wpfck jzpfygw,f/
txufyg bits rsm;uJo
h Ykd
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 149
 uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

CCD qko
d nfrmS
Q 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m
rsm;wGif CCD qdak om pum;
vHk;onf rnfonfudk &nf
nTe;f ygovJ/ b,fvkd tvkyf
vkyfonfudk odvdkygw,f/
A
CCD (Charge Coupl-
ed Device) onf tvif;
a&mifudk tm½HkcHEdkifwJh sensor
ud&d,m qdkygawmh/ ¤if;udk
rSefbDvl;&JU aemufrSm wyf
qifxm;NyD; jrifuGif;udk "mwf
yHk½dkufvdkufwmeJU uifr&mxJ
u odkavSmifypönf;rSm rSwf
wrf; wifvdkufygw,f/ ¤if;
wd k Y ud k tvG e f a o;i,f w J h
tvif; qifqmaygif; oef;
eJYcsDNyD; jyKvkyfxm;ygw,f/
CCD udk megapixels eJY
wdik ;f wmNyD; megapixels jrifh
av yHk&JU resolution jrifhrm;
av jzpfygw,f/

2 megapixels onf b,favmufjrifh vufr t&G,fyHkrsm;udk t&nf pixels) trsK;d tpm; uifr&m
Q 2 megapixels qdak om A 2 megapixels trsKd; taoG; jrifph mG jzifh xkwaf y;Edik f onf 8_10 vufr t&G,f
pum;vHk;twGuf uRefawmf tpm; uifr&m\ yHkxGufrSm ygw,f/ yHrk sm;udk t&nftaoG; jrifrh m;
odyfNyD; oabmraygufao; resolution 1,600 x 1,200 Resolution jrifhrm;av pGmjzifh xkwfay;Edkifygw,f/
yg/ twwfEdkifqHk; em;vnf pixels = 1,920,000 pixels (2 y&if h x k w f , l & mrS m t&nf twdtusa&;&vQif - 1 mil-
atmif &S i f ; jyay;apvd k y g million pixels) &daS om yHr
k sm; taoG;aumif;avjzpfí 4 lion pixels = 1,048,576
w,f/ udk &ygr,f/ ¤if;onf 4_6 megapixels (4 million pixels jzpfygw,f/

f ,f format rsm;
'pf*spw yHkrsm;udk ½dkuf,lxm;wmudk udk avsmu h sroGm;atmif xde;f t&G,ftpm;udk jzwfawmuf
Q 'pf*spfw,fyHkrsm;udk awGU&ygw,f/ ¤if;onf zdkif Edkifw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ 'gay NyD;vnf; jzpfygvdrrhf ,f/ Re-
odrf;qnf;xm;&ef odkYr[kwf t&G,ftpm;i,fMuNyD; tjcm; r,fh zdkift&G,ftpm;rsm; BuD; solution udk 300 eJY ajymif;
tvkyf vkyfudkif&ef rnfonfh aom format rsm;odkY tvG,f oGm;wwfNyD; vdktyfwJh yHk NyD; y&ifhxkwf,lMuygw,f/
format rsm;udk oH;k wwfMuyg wul ajymif;Edkifygw,f/ ¤if;
ovJ/ wdYkukd jyKjyif&ef odYkr[kwf y&ifh Pixel qdo
k nfrmS -
xkwf,l&ef tcsKdUu TIFF 'Pixel' onf picture element udk qdv k ykd gw,f/ tcsKUd u
A 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m (Tagged Image File For- 'Pel' vdkY oHk;MuNyD; 'picture' vdkYvnf; a&;Muygw,f/
rsm;rSm RAW odYkr[kwf NEF mat) zdi
k o
f Ykd ajymif;xm;MuNyD; ¤if;onf 'pf*spfw,fyHk&dyfrsm;? uGefysLwmjzihf zGifhvdkuf
format rsm;udk oHk;Muw,f uGefysLwmorm;trsm;pku onfh pmom;? *&yfzpfrsm;ESifh yHkrsm;? puúLay:wGif y&ifh
PSD (Photoshop) zdi
qd k a yr,f h tajccH t m;jzif h k f tae xkwx f m;onfh yHrk sm;wGif tao;i,fq;kH ? tajccH tusq;kH
JPEG (Joint Photographic eJY ajymif;vdkufMuygw,f/ aom av;axmifhyHk tpufav; wpfpufom jzpfygw,f/
Experts Group) rsm;eJ Y ¤if;wdkYonf yHkt&nftaoG;

okad vSmifuwfrsm; pact-Flash eJU SmartMedia NyD; qdkeDukrÜPD&JU memory

Q 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m
rsm;rSm yHkrsm;udk ½dkuful; odrf;
qnf;zdYk&ef rnfonfh odak vSmif
ypönf;udk toHk;rsm;ygovJ/
‘ A 'pf*spfw,f odkavSmif
uwfrsm; trsm;tjym; ay:
xGuaf eygNyD/ uifr&mrsm;rSm
vuf&dS toHk;rsm;wm Com-
card rsm; jzpf M uygw,f / stick, zl * sD e J Y td k v rf y wf p f
uwftm;vHk;\ aps;EIef;ESifh ukrP Ü w
D Ykd&UJ xD cards eJY SD
aqmif&GufEdkifcsufrsm;onf (Secure Digital) card
ruGmvSyg/ odkavSmifEdkifrI rsm;vnf ; emrnf &aeyg
pG r f ; &nf o m uG m jcm;Muyg w,f / rnf o d k Y yif jzpf a p
w,f/ tcsKdUwGif [mh'fpfi,f uifr&m r0,frD rnfonfh
av;ud k xnf h o G i f ; xm;yg ovdk aps;vnf;BuD;ygw,f/ uwf trsKd;tpm;udk oHk;onf
w,f/ ¤if;trsKd;tpm;onf tcsKdUwGif pD'D? 'DAD'Dcsyfrsm; udk ar;oifhygw,f/
odkavSmifEdkifrI pGrf;&nfrsm; (3.5 vufrt&G,f) xnfhEdkif

150 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

 uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

uifr&mrsm;\ bufx&D udk bufx&Dwpfckwnf;u

Q 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m
rsm;rSm bufx&D pGrf;tm;udk
tvG e f o H k ; w,f v d k Y od & yg
w,f/ [kwfygovm;/
A [kwfygw,f/ ¤if;
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jcif;? flash ac: tvif;xkwf
ay;jcif;? LCD jrifuGif;udk jy
ay;aejcif ; eJ Y rS e f b D v l ; ud k
armfwmpGrf;tifoHk;NyD; csdefnd§
ay;jcif; ponfh vkyfief;rsm;
aqmif&Gufay;aejcif; jzpfyg
w,f / txl ; ojzifh LCD
jrifuiG ;f u yg0goH;k rI trsm;
qH;k vdYk qdyk gw,f/ ¤if;wdYk wiG f
rechargeable batteries udk
toHk;rsm;Muovdk AA qdkuf
bufx&Drsm;udkvnf; xnfh
oGif; oHk;Edkifygw,f/ rnfodkY oifyh gw,f/ acwfrD 'pf*spf pGrf;tiftaetxm;udkvnf;
yifjzpfap rvdt k yfbJ uifr&m w,f uif r &mrsm;wG i f oauFwwpfckckeJY jyaeNyD;
udk zGifhxm;jcif;? LCD udk uifr&mudk roH;k awmhonfEiS hf pGrf;tifukefumeD;&if tcsuf
zGifhí tcsdef MumjrifhpGm Munfh yg0gudk tvdktavsmuf ydwf ay;ygw,f/
aejcif;rsm;udk owdjyK a&Smif ay;Muygw,f/ bufx&D&JU

okad vSmifuwfrsm;\ pGr;f &nf

Q 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m
rsm;&JU rSwfÓPfodkavSmif
uwfrSm yHkrnfrQ 0ifqHhEdkif
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A cefYrSef;vdkY&ygw,f/
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trsKd ; tpm; 'pf * spf w ,f
uifr&mrSm yHkwpfyHkudk JPEG
setting, 0.8MB EIef;eJY ½dkuf
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0if q H h E d k i f y gr,f / yH k r sm;&J U
resolution BuD;av yH0 k ifqrhH I
enf;avjzpfNyD; resolution
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solution b,favmufukd oH;k
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CD eJv
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tpm; ‘'pf*spfw,f uifr&m
Q 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m rsm;rS m floppy disk od k Y
rsm;rSm ½du
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ovm;/ awmhí tqdkyg uifr&mrsm;
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Q 'pf*spfw,f uifr&m twdkrsm;udk ½dkuful;Edkifyg
rsm;rSm MPEG ½dkuful;Edkif
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 151

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tydkif; (4) tcef; (17)
Web Design Techniques
Web Design oifcef;pmrsm;ESifh ywfoufí tydkif; (2)?
tydkif; (3) wkdYonf HTML documents ESifh web graph-
ics rsm; zefwD;Ekdif&ef bdkYESifh eyfrsm;udk tyfESif;ay;cJhonfh
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aom vufeufud&d,mrsm;udk toHk;csum a,bk,sqefaom
design elements tcsKdU\ zefwD;rItydkif;udk oGm;Mu&awmh
rnf jzpf\/
Web Designer wpfOD;taejzifh table zefwD;,ljcif;
twGuf tqifajy acsmarGYaprnfh command udk em;vnf
xm;vdkMurnfjzpfonfhtavsmuf HTML tables rsm;tay:
tm;xm;Ekid af vmufaom enf;y&d,m,frsm;udk qufvuf avh
vmMu&ygvdrrfh nf/ tcef; (10) udk avhvmcJMh upOfu Tables
rsm;taMumif; od&SdcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ Table rsm;udk rnfodkY
zefw;D ,lrnf? tables rsm;ESihf qufo,G af eonfh HTML tags
rsm;taejzifh rnfoYkd&wdS wfonf/ Tables rsm;\ obm0onf
aumuf½dk;xkyfBuD;rsm;udk ywfcsnfaom aMu;eef;BudK;BuD;
ozG,f qif,if&yHEk iS hf pages wpfcv
k ;kH format vky&f ef rnfoYkd
toHk;cs&yHkwdkYudk rnfrQ em;vnfxm;&rnf ponfjzifh tao;
pdwtf aMumif;tcsuf tajccHtm;vH;k yg0ifcNhJ yD;jzpfonf/ ,ck
tcg ¤if;wkdYESifh ywfoufonfh tricks tcsKdUudk qufvuf
avhvm&efom &Sdawmhonf/
Fancy Bulleted Lists
tcef; (7) wGif formatting Text acgif;pOfjzifh azmfjycJh
&m "unordered list" tag (<UL>) udk toHk;csí rnfokdY
152 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f
bulleted list wpfckudk jyKvkyfEkdifonfudk awGYjrifcJhMu&onf/
Browser wGif tvkdtavsmuf xnfhoGif;ay;onfh bullet
pwkdifrsKd;avmufjzifhom auseyfaernfqdkygu NyD;cJhaom
oifcef;pmjzifhyif vHkavmufaeygvdrhfrnf/ odkYaomf daisy
wpfck odkYr[kwf little skull wpfckuJhodkYaom toGiftjyifrsKd;
txd bullet wpfcu k kd jyKvkyvf ykd gu rnfoYkd &rdS nfenf;/ xdo
k Ykd
aom tajctaersKd; &SdvmcJhygu (UL) tap udk pGefYy,f&ef
vkdtyfvmonf/ List udk udk,fwkdifvufjzifh zefwD;,l&mwGif
rdrd\ udk,fydkif custom graphics rsm;udk bullets taejzifh
toHk;csEkdifonf/
yxrtqift h aejzifh bullet graphic udk zefw;D ,l&rnf/
tu,fí rdrdtaejzifh tykd space aygif;xnfh&ef rvkdtyf
onfh wpfom;wnf;jzpfaeaom text flow twGif;odkY bullet
udk cs,lvdkcJhygu graphic \ tjrifhudk 10 pixels odkYr[kwf
12 pixels rsm;jzifh xm;&Sd&ygvdrfhrnf/ Bullet graphics rsm;
onf GIF format twGif; save vkyf&mwGif taumif;qHk;
jzpfygonf/
'kwd,tqifhrSm HTML twGif; list udk zefwD;,l&rnf
jzpf\/ tu,fí pmvH;k ta&twGuf enf;enf;jzifo h m&So
d nfh
short entries rsm;list wGif yg0ifaecJhonf&dSaomf *&yfyHkcGJ
odkYr[kwf vkdif;tvdkuf wpfckcsif; cGJxkwf,lEkdifygvdrhfrnf/
Figure 17-1 wGif jrifawGY&onfhtwkdif; vkdif;wpfckESifhwpfck
tuGmrnfrQxm;vdkonfh taetxm;ay: rlwnfí oifhavsmf
ovdk aqmif&u G ,
f El idk o
f nf/ þae&mwGif rnfonfh list tags
udkrQ toHk;csjcif;r&Sday/ taMumif;rSm bullet jzpfap? *Pef;
trSwftom;rsm;jzpfap tvkdtavsmuf jznfhoGif;rI rvkdtyf
aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ Indent wpfckudk zefwD;rIjzpfap&ef
012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901
012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901
012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901
tvdYkimS (IMG) tap twGi;f HSPACE attribute udk toH;k csí tu,fí rdrd list wGif longer entries rsm; yg0ifaecJh
*&yfzpf\ b,fnmwGif space xnfhoGif;EkdifyHkudkvnf; owd ygu rdrdtaejzifh Figure 17-2 wGif jrifawGY&onfhtwkdif;
jyK&ayvdrfhrnf/ *&yfzpfrsm; xnfhoGif;rI\ alignment udk xdef;csKyfay;&ef
table wpfcu k kd toH;k jyK&ef vkt
d yfaernfjzpf\/ pmcsKyfpmwrf;
odkYr[kwf pm&if;Z,m;\ yrmPESifh tnD twdtus xdef;
Bullet list onf placing
csKyfEidk af &;twGuf table column \ width setting udk toH;k
individual bullet graphic udk
toHk;csí vkdif;xdyfwdkif;wGif
jyK&onf/ Column wkdif;wGif bullets rsm;udk tv,fwnfh
zefwD;xm;&Sday;onf/ wnfhwGif &Sdaeapvdkygu text rsm; tv,fA[dkudk tajcjyK
um wpfvHk;ESifhwpfvHk; ckefajymif;oGm;apEkdifonf/ Column
<P><IMG SRC="daisy.gif" HSPACE=12>puppy ac: pmwkdif\ taetxm;rSmrl rdrdqE´twkdif; tvsm;? teH
dogs</P> oifhawmfovkd xm;,lEkdifygonf/ þonfrSm horizontal
<P>IMG SRC="daisy.gif" HSPACE=12>sugar
frogs</P> alignment \ obm0jzpfonf/ Vertical alignment \
<P><IMG SRC="daisy.gif" HSPACE=12>kittens' obm0wGifrl bullet rsm;onf wpfaMumif;NyD;wpfaMumif;
baby teeth</P> qif;,lajymif;a&TUoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/

Long list entries rsm;onf bullet \ aemufwGif indent tjzpf wnf&Sdap&ef table wpfck vkdtyfonf/

File name rsm;wGif character spaces rsm;ukd a&Smifz,fxm;&onf/ Mac odYk r[kwf Windows 95/98/NT uGey
f sLwm
rsm;ay:wGif local files rsm;tm; vufcH aqmif&GufEkdifaomfvnf; character space onf tjcm; systems jzifh
todtrSwfjyKray;ay/

File name twGif; ?, %, # ponfh special characters rsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;xm;&onf/ File name rsm;wGif pmvHk;
rsm;? *Pef;trSwftom;rsm;? atmufajcrsOf;rsm; hyphens rsm;ESifh periods ac: tpufrsm;twGufom tuefY
towf jyKxm;jcif;onf taumif;qHk;jzpf onf/

<TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH=400>

<TR>
<TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=top ALIGN=Center><IMG SRC="skull.gif"></TD
<TD><B>Avoid character spaces</B>in filenames. Although this is acceptable for local files on a Mac or
Windows 95/98/NT machine, character spaces are not recognized by other systems. </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center><IMG SRC="skull.gif"></TD>
<TD><B>Avoid special characters</B> such as ?, %, #, etc. in filenames.
It is best to limit filenames to letters, numbers, underscores (in place of character spaces), hyphens, and
periods.</TD>
</TR>

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 153

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456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
Creating Bullets and icons

*&yfzpfqkdif&m images tao;pm;av;rsm; zefwD;rIenf;vrf; awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdaeygonf/ þae&mwGif udk,fykdif

enf;vrf;wpfckudk toHk;jyKxm;ygonf/
Images taejzifh 12 pixels yrmPESifh ¤if;atmuf&Sd bullets rsm;twGuf image program twGif;rS pencil tool av;
udk toHk;cs&if; vuf&Sdt&G,ftpm;twkdif; *&yfzpfwpfckukd omreftm;jzifh zefwD;,lonf/ vkyfief;pOfwpfavQmufvHk;
zooming in ESihf zooming out udk toH;k cs,l&onf/ odYk ro
S m yHq
k rJG t
I wGuf ydv
k ,
G Ef idk o
f nf/ ao;i,faom yHak v;rsm;twGuf
þenf;jzifhom taumif;qHk;jzpfapEkdifonf/

Actual size Zoomed in for

(11 x 11 pixels) editing

icon t&G,ftpm; images rsm;twGufrl aemufqHk; t&G,ftpm;&Sd *&yfzpfwpfckudk&&Sd&ef image udk ESpfBudrf? oHk;Budrf
zefwD;,l&wwfonf/ tBuD;pm;yHkpHjzifh a&;qGJjcif;jzifh layers rsm; cs&mwGifvnf; ydkí tqifajyaponf/ xdkYtwl image-
editing tools ukd udkifwG,f&mwGifvnf; ydkí tqifajyapEkdifygw,f/ image udk wpfqifhao;t&G,ftpm;odkY wjznf;jznf;
avQmch s,rl o
S m yH&k yd w
f pfcv
k ;kH \ t&nftaoG; ydak umif;Ekid yf gw,f/ þae&mwGif sharpen filter wpfck xnf,
h v
l Qif aemufq;kH
twnfjyKyHk&dyftwGuf tvGefvSyoGm;aponf/

Original working file

(60 x 60 pixels)

Final image size

(30 x 30 pixels)

154 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901
012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901
012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901
Fun with Boxes wpfckwnf;jzifh table wpfckudkvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifonf/
Table wpfcu
k kd owdjyKp&mtjzpf txl;aMunmcsufrsKd;? (TABLE) tag twGi;f CELLPADDING attribute ESit hf wl
aumufEw k cf sufrsKd; vufwYkd tnTe;f rsm;twGuf toH;k jyKEkid af p qJvt f wGi;f ae&mudk csden f x§d m;&onf/ Box \ t&G,t f pm;
onf/ ¤if;twGuf aemufcHta&mifESifhtwl vSvSyy box twGuf wdwu d sus&Ekid &f ef WIDTH ESihf HEIGHT udk toH;k
jzifh zefwD;xm;Ekdifonf/ (erlemtjzpf Text Wrap Around cs&if; xde;f csKyfay;Ekid o
f nf/ rdrd page ay:wGi&f adS om ta&mif
Tables wGif jrifawGYEkdifonf/) rsm;ESifh [yfrdaprnfh aemufcHta&mifESifh text ta&mifwdkYudk
ESpfoufovdk zefwD;,lEkdifonf/ 3D border vdkif;udkvnf;
Simple Announcement Box
txltyg;BudKufovdk xm;ay;Ekdifonf/ odkYr[kwf (BOR-
Figure 17-3 wGif jyxm;ouJhodkY txl;aMunmcsufrsKd;
DER = 0) jzifh aqmif&GufEkdifao;onf/
twGuf text tcsKdUudk tvnfwnfw
h nfw h iG f xm;&Sad om qJvf

qJvfwpfckwnf; jyKvkyfxm;aom table udk rsufpdtm½Hk zrf;pm;Ekdifaom

aMunmcsufrsKd;twGuf toHk;jyKEkdifaprnf/

<TABLE BORDER=1 BGCOLOR="#CC0066" CELLPADDING=10>

<TR>
<TD ALIGN=center><FONT COLOR="white">Sale ends this week!</Font></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

Text Wrap Around Tables

(TABLE) tap twGif; ALIGN = left odkYr[kwf right attribute udk toHk;csjcif;jzifh rdrd\ text rsm;tm; table
wpfcktwGif; image wpfcktjzpf zefwD;xm;ygw,f/ rdrdtaejzifh table twGif; ywfvnfwGif ae&mtxm;todk
csdefqEkdif&ef HSPACE odkYr[kwf VSPACE
wdkYudkvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifygao;onf/ Sidebars
odkYr[kwf call-outs wdkYudkxnfh&eftwGuf
tvGefoabmusp&maumif;aom
enf;vrf;jzpfonf/
<TABLE ALIGN=right
HSPACE=9 WIDTH=100
BORDER=1
BECOLOR="#003399"
CELLPADDING=4>

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456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
Boxes with Borders tjcm;cGifwpfcktwGif; xnfhoGif;,lonfhoabm jzpfonf/
tu,fí 3D border rsKd;udk rESpfoufcJhygu V rsm; tjyif table onf twGif; table xuf tenf;i,f BuD;ay;
&Sdaeonfh box twGuf colored rule wpfckudk zefwD;,lEkdif xm;um wpfckESifhwpfck rwlnDaomta&mifrsm; oHk;pGJvdkuf
onf/ Figure 17-4 wGif jrifawGY&ouJhodkY table wpfckudk jcif;jzifh abmifvikd ;f udk yHpk aH zmfvu
dk o
f uJo
h Ykd jzpfomG ;aponf/

box \ abmifywfvnfvrf;udk qGJxm;jcif;udk rwlnDaom

table wGif ESpfckxyf,ljcif;jzifh vkyfaqmifEkdifonf/ wpfck
onf wpfckxuf tenf;i,fao;i,fapum ta&mifukd
vnf; wpfrsKd;pDxm;&Sd&ygonf/

<TABLE WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 CELLPADDING=0 BORDER=0>

<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="#333333" ALIGN=center VALIGN=center>
<TABLE WIDTH=198 HEIGHT=198 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=10>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#999999">Your content here!</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

abmiftem;BuD;BuD; vdktyfygu tjyifwGif table udk ydkí

rsm;rsm;BuD;xm;ay;jcif;jzifh &&SdEkdifonf/

<TABLE WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 CELLPADDING=0 BORDER=0>

<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="#333333" ALIGN=center VALIGN=center>
<TABLE WIDTH=180 HEIGHT=180 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=10>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#999999">Your content here!</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

Figure 17-4 wGif jrifawGY&onfy

h üHk table udk zefw;D &mwGif image t&G,t
f pm;tm; 200 pixels square jzifh uefYowfay;
xm;onf/ abmifuvem;tm; rD;cdk;a&mifcyf&ifh&ifh ay;xm;vdkojzifh aemufcHta&miftwGuf dark gray (# 333333) ukd
csdef,lay;cJhonf/
twGif;&dSqJvf table \ ta&mifukdrl rD;cdk;a&mifazsmhazsmh (# 999999) ukd csdef,lxm;onf/ o½kyfjyrIwGif &Sif;vif;ap&ef
twGif;cGifonf tjyicGifxuf t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh wpf0ufom zefwD;ay;cJhonf/
erlemtay:yHkwGif border vdkif;udk 1 pixel txljzifh &,lvdkcJhonf/ odkYtwGuf twGif; table box udk (198x 198) [k 2
pixel ao;um xm;&Sdvdkufonf/ xdktwGif;abmif ywfvnfwpfckvHk; 1 pixel ywfvnf &&SdoGm;onf/ tu,fí rdrdonf 10
pixel border tvdk&Sdygu twGif; table box tm; (180x180) xm;&Sday;vdkuf½Hkom jzpfonf/

156 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

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012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901
Rounded Corners yg&Sdaom text rsm;tm; pkpkpnf;pnf; jyovdkaomaMumifhom
,cktcsdefxd axmifhvHk;yHkpHrsKd; roHk;cJhum HTML wpfck jzpfonf/ Figure 17-5 yHkwGifyg&Sdonfhtwdkif; axmifhvHk;
wnf;udkom toHk;jyKcJhonf/ odkYtwGuf axmifhvHk;yHkpH box yHkoP²mefjyKjyif,lyHkudk awGYjrifEkdifygonf/ wu,fwrf;tm;
rsKd; &,lEkdif&eftwGuf jyifqif Munfh½IEkdifygao;onf/ jzifh 9-cell table ESihf graphic files av;ckwYkd vkyaf qmifvu
kd f
rsm;aomtm;jzifh axmifhvHk;yHkpH jyKvkyfvkdjcif;onf twGif;ü jcif;om jzpf\/

tqdkyg axmifhvHk; box onf 9-cell table tjzpf jyKvkyfí

axmifhrsm;twGuf graphic file av;ck jyKvkyf,lcJhonf/ topleft.gif topright.gif

bottomleft.gif bottomright.gif

yHw
k iG jf rifawGY&onft h wkid ;f axmifv
h ;kH rsm;jzifh box wpfck yHu
k syef;us xGuv
f mayrnf/ Figure 17-5 &&eftwGuf code
ukd jyKvkyf,l&ef rcJ,Of;vSygay/ yxrOD;pGm table twGuf rsm;rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf/
rnfonfh aemufcHta&mif xnfhrnfudk a&G;cs,f qHk;jzwf&
onf/ (a&G;cs,rf w I iG f graphic ESihf HTML files ESpcf v k ;kH onf
<TABLE WIDTH=150 BECOLOR="#003399"
RGB values jzifh udkufnD&ef vdktyfonf/) tcef; 12 wGif CELLSPACING=0 CELLOPADDING=0 BORDER=0>
<TR>
Color on the web acgif;pOfatmufrS web palette rS
 <TD WIDTH=15 HEIGHT=15><IMC SRC=
ta&mifxkwf,lyHktwkdif; toHk;cs&rnfjzpf\/ Table qJvf "topleft.gif"> </TD>
twGif; garphic color ESifh HTML color vkdufzufnDrSom </TR>
<TR>
jzpfrnf/ Figure 17-5 wGif aemufct H a&mifukd (# CCCCCC)
 <TD BGCOLOR="#003399"><FONT SIZE=-
udk a&G;í box tuGuf tjym&ifah &mif (# 003399) udk a&G;cs,f 2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
,lxm;onf/  <TD ALIGN=left VALIGN=top HEIGHT=100
aemufwpfqifhrSm axmifhrsm;twGuf *&yfzpfudk zefwD; BECOLOR="#003399"><FONT COLOR=
&ef jzpfonf/ pdwful;xJwGif puf0kdif;wpfckudk jyKvkyfum "white"> Your conents go in the middle cell. You
can set the height of the cell or allow it to resize
av;pdyf pdyfvkdufygu axmifhav;ckudk &&SdoGm;vdrhfrnf/ tqdk automatically. </FONT><TD>
yg av;pdyftm; aemifwGif aumuf,lí vG,fulap&ef topleft <TD BGCOLOR="#003399"><FONT SIZE=-
2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
.gif, topright.gif, bottomleft.gif, bottomright.gif [lí
</TR>
emrnfwpfckpDwyfí odrf;xm;vkdufonf/ <TR>
aemufqHk;tqifhwGif table twGuf code rsm; a&;,l& <TD><IMG SRC="bottomleft.gif"></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#003399"><FONT SIZE= -2
onf/ Web-authoring tool udk toHk;jyKcJhygu table onf &nbsp;</FONT></TD>

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f 157

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uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
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<TD> <IMG SRC="bottomright.gif"> </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

Cell padding, cell spacing wdYk ukd set vkyx f m;NyD; bor-
der ukd "o" [k ,lxm;onfudk owdjyK&rnf/ qJvf
tMum; wpfom;wnf;jzpfap&eftwGuf tqHk;tjzwfjyK
jcif;jzpfonf/ Box aemufcHta&mifukd owfrSwf&ef
twGuf BGCOLOR attributes ESifhtwl (TABLE)
tap udk toH;k jyKxm;onf/ Page \ aemufct H a&mifurkd l
(BODY) tap jzifh csdefxm;cJhonf/ (¤if;udk yHkwGif rjrif
awGYEkdifay)
 Table \corner cells rsm;udk image files yHkpHjzifh jznfh
oGif;,lonf/ rdrdwGif&Sdonfh *&yfzpft&G,ftpm;ESifh
twdtus tH0ifcGifusjzpfaprnfh tus,ftjrifhwkdYudk
qJvw f iG f csed w
f ,
G x
f m;onf/ (15 pixel square) tv,f
column \ tus,fudk 120 pixel csdefxm;onf/ yxr
row \ column tus,fudk &,lvQif tm;vHk;twGuf
&oGm;ayvdrrfh nf/ (qJv\ f t&G,t f pm;udk csed &f mü table
BuD; wpfckvHk;twGuf abmift&G,fESifh udkufnDap&ef
aocsmpGm jyKvkyf&onf/)
 Box \ tzsm; EIwcf rf;om;twGuf ta&mifv;kH 0r&Sad p&
ay/ Netscape Navigator twGif; qJvfrsm;tm; ysuf
jym;roGm;ap&ef nonbreaking space (&nbsp) wpfck
udk xnfhay;&ao;onf/ (tqkdyg vkyfenf;vkyf[efudk
tcef; (10) wGif azmfjyxm;cJNh yD; jzpfonf/) þae&mwGif
nonbreaking space \ tjrifhudk text \ vkdif;tus,f
twkid ;f tay:qH;k now twGuf ydjk rifah eaMumif; awGYjrif
Ekdifonf/ odkYtwGuf font t&G,ftpm;udk -2 ay;xm;cJh
onf/ xdkodkYaqmif&Gufjcif;rSm omreftm;jzifh browser
twkdif;avmuf eD;eD;wGif aqmif&Guf,lonfhtwkdif; jzpf
aeygvdrfhrnf/
 Box twGi;f a&;om;azmfjycsurf sm;onf qJv\ f tvnf
wnfw h nfw
h iG f &Sad eaponf/ rdrt d aejzifh qJv\f wdus
aom tjrifhudk tvm;wl csdefnd§,lEkdifonf/ odkYr[kwf
hight attribute ud kcsefxm;cJhjcif;jzpfvnf; tvkd
tavsmuf table tm; tH0ifcGifus &&SdoGm;Edkifaponf/

Tips on Corner Creation

Photoshop 5.5 ukd toHk;csí corner graphics tauG;rsm; zefwD;,lyHkukd avhvmMunfh½IEkdifonf/



158 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f arv? 2006 ckEpS f

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JAVA
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UIDE
2.6 INSTALLING THE JAVA 2 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT
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The Java 2 Runtime Environment, Standard
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Figure 2.6.2 The 2 nd Step Figure 2.6.3 The 3 rd Step

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