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The Prophecy of the Popes, attributed to Saint Malachy, is a list of 112 short
phrases in Latin. They purport to describe each of the Roman Catholic popes (along
with a few anti-popes), beginning with Pope Celestine II (elected in 1143) and
concluding with the successor of current pope Benedict XVI, a pope described in
the prophecy as "Peter the Roman", whose pontificate will end in the destruction of
the city of Rome.
1 Provenance
Papal Emblem
2 Interpretation
3 Popes and corresponding mottos
3.1 Popes and Antipopes 1143–1590
3.2 Popes 1590 to present
3.3 Petrus Romanus
3.3.1 Other interpretations
4 Authenticity and skepticism
5 See also
6 References
6.1 Notes
6.2 Websites
6.3 Books
7 External links
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wrote a popular book titled The Last Pope about the claims, generally argue that, even if the author of the
prophecies is uncertain, the predictions are still valid.
Interpretation of the mottos has generally relied on finding correspondences between the mottos and the popes'
birthplaces, their personal arms, and the events of their pontificates. For example, the first motto, Ex castro
Tiberis (From a castle on the Tiber), fits Pope Celestine II's birthplace in Città di Castello, on the Tiber.
Pope Clement XIII, referred to in the prophecy as Rosa Umbriae, the rose of Umbria, is stated to have used a
rose "as his personal emblem" (his coat of arms does not include one, however, nor was he from Umbria nor had
any but the most marginal connection with the region, having been briefly pontifical governor of Rieti, at the
time part of Umbria). The technique of word play was evident in instances where interpreters find a phrase
fitting more than one explanation.
It is notable that where the interpretation of the prophecy is clear (as is the case for almost all of the Popes prior
to 1590), the reference is almost always to some characteristic possessed by the Pope prior to assuming the
Papacy—e.g., his birthplace, his arms, his surname, or his cardinal see. However, for more recent Popes, efforts
to connect the prophecy with the pope have often focused on the events of his pontificate.
In recent times, some interpreters of prophetic literature have drawn attention to the prophecies, both because
of their success in finding connections between the prophecies and recent popes, and because of the prophecies'
imminent conclusion. Interpretations made before the elections of recent popes have not generally predicted
their papacies accurately.
This list, adapted from The Prophecies of St. Malachy by Peter Bander, begins its numbering two numbers
ahead of the Vatican's numbering of popes (Benedict XVI is the 265th, not the 267th). The reason for this is
unclear (perhaps because of the two purported "anti-popes").
The list can be divided into two groups; one of the 74 Popes and Antipopes who reigned prior to the appearance
of the Prophecy in 1590, for whom the connection between the motto and the Pope is usually clear but can be
seen as postdiction. The other is of the 38 Popes who have reigned since 1590, for whom the connection
between the motto and the Pope is often strained or totally opaque and could be viewed as shoehorning.
The text on the silver lines below reproduces the original text (including punctuation and orthography) of the
1595 Lignum Vitae, which consisted of three parallel columns for the Popes before 1590. The first column
contained the motto, the second the name of the Pope or Antipope to whom it was attached (with occasional
errors), and the third an attempted explanation or justification of the name. The original list was unnumbered.
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An inhabitant of Tifernum.
1. From a castle of Celestine II Guido de Born in Città di Castello, Umbria,
167
the Tiber (1143–1144) Castello
on the banks of the Tiber.[2]
Inimicus expulſus. Lucius. ij. De familia Caccianemica.
Of the Caccianemici family.
This motto refers to Gherardo
Caccianemici’s surname.
Gherardo “Cacciare” means “to hunt”,[3]
Lucius II
168 2. Enemy expelled Caccianemici and “nemici” is the Italian word
(1144–1145)
del Orso for “enemies”. As his name
foreshadowed, Caccianemici
would be driven from Rome by his
own subjects.[4]
Ex magnitudine mõtis. Eugenius. iij. Patria Ethruſcus oppido Montis magni.
Tuscan by nation, from the town
3. Out of the Bernardo dei of Montemagno.
Eugene III
169 greatness of the Pagnelli di The motto refers to Pope Eugene’s
(1145–1153)
mountain Montemagno
last name, “Montemagno.”[5]
Abbas Suburranus. Anaſtaſius. iiij. De familia Suburra.
Anastasius
Corrado di
170 4. Suburran abbot IV From the Suburra family.
Suburra
(1153–1154)
De rure albo. Adrianus. iiij. Vilis natus in oppido Sancti Albani.
Humbly born in the town of St.
Albans.
5. From the white Adrian IV Nicholas Educated at the St Albans School
171 in Hertfordshire. Nicholas
countryside (1154–1159) Breakspear
Breakspear was the bishop of
Albano before becoming pope.[6]
Ex tetro carcere. Victor. iiij. Fuit Cardinalis S. Nicolai in carcere Tulliano.
Victor IV,
6. Out of a Ottaviano He was a cardinal of St. Nicholas
Antipope
loathsome prison. Monticello in the Tullian prison.
(1159–1164)
Via Tranſtiberina. Calliſtus. iij. [sic] Guido Cremenſis Cardinalis S. Mariæ Tranſtiberim.
Guido of Crema, Cardinal of St.
Paschal III, Mary across the Tiber.
7. Road across the Guido di
Antipope As a cardinal, he had held the title
Tiber. Crema
(1164–1168)
of Santa Maria in Trastevere.[7]
Antipapa. Hungarus natione, Epiſcopus Card.
De Pannonia Thuſciæ. Paſchalis. iij. [sic]
Tuſculanus.
Antipope. A Hungarian by birth,
Callixtus III, Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum.
8. From Tusculan Giovanni di
Antipope He was John, Abbot of Struma,
Hungary Strumi
(1168–1178)
originally from Hungary.[8]
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1188.[14]
Auis Oſtienſis. Gregorius. ix. Familia Comitum Signiæ Epiſcopus Card. Oſtienſis.
Family of the Counts of Segni,
Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.
Before his election to the papacy,
Gregory IX Ugolino dei Ugolino dei Conti was the
180 17. Bird of Ostia
(1227–1241) Conti di Segni Cardinal Bishop of Ostia, and the
family coat of arms bear a bird on
a gules background.[15]
Mediolanenſis, cuius inſignia Leo, Epiſcopus Card.
Leo Sabinus. Cœleſtinus iiij.
Sabinus.
A Milanese, whose arms were a
lion, Cardinal Bishop of Sabina.
He was Cardinal Bishop of
Celestine IV Goffredo
181 18. Sabine Lion
(1241) Castiglioni Sabina[16] and his armorial
bearing had a lion in it. Also a play
on words, referring to the pope's
last name, Castiglioni.
domo flisca, Comes Lauaniæ, Cardinalis S.
Comes Laurentius. Innocentius iiij.
Laurentii in Lucina.
Of the house of Flisca (Fieschi),
Count of Lavagna, Cardinal of St.
Lawrence in Lucina.
19. Count Innocent IV Sinibaldo He was the Cardinal-Priest of San
182
Lawrence (1243–1254) Fieschi
Lorenzo in Lucca,[17] and his
father was the Count of
Lavagna.[18]
Signum Oſtienſe. Alexander iiij. De comitibus Signiæ, Epiſcopus Card. Oſtienſis.
Of the counts of Segni, Cardinal
Alexander Renaldo dei Bishop of Ostia.
183 20. Sign of Ostia IV Signori di He was Cardinal Bishop of Ostia
(1254–1261) Ienne and member of the Conti-Segni
family.[19]
Gallus, Trecenſis in Campania, Patriarcha
Hieruſalem Campanię. Vrbanus iiii.
Hieruſalem.
A Frenchman, of Trecae (Troyes)
in Champagne, Patriarch of
21. Jerusalem of Urban IV Jacques Jerusalem.
184
Champagne (1261–1264) Pantaleon Native of Troyes, Champagne,
later patriarch of Jerusalem.[20]
Draco depreſſus. Clemens iiii. cuius inſignia Aquila vnguibus Draconem tenens.
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France.
Ex roſa leonina. Honorius. iiii. Familia Sabella inſignia roſa à leonibus geſtata.
Of the Sabella (Savelli) family,
arms were a rose carried by lions.
29. Out of the Honorius IV Giacomo His coat of arms were emblazoned
192
leonine rose (1285–1287) Savelli with two lions supporting a
rose.[24]
Picus inter eſcas. Nicolaus. iiii. Picenus patria Eſculanus.[25]
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Rome)[31]
Gallus Vicecomes. Vrbanus V. nuncius Apoſtolicus ad Vicecomites Mediolanenſes.
Apostolic nuncio to the Viscounts
Urban V Guglielmo De of Milan.
202 40. French viscount
(1362–1370) Grimoard He was born of a noble French
family.
qui uocabatur Petrus Belfortis, Cardinalis S. Mariæ
Nouus de uirgine forti. Gregorius XI.
nouæ.
Who was called Peter Belfortis
(Beaufort), Cardinal of New St.
41. New man from Gregory XI Pierre Roger Mary's.
203
the strong virgin (1370–1378) de Beaufort From the Beaufort family and
Cardinal of Santa Maria Nuova[32]
qui fuit Preſbyter Cardinalis SS. XII. Apoſtolorũ
Decruce Apoſtolica. [sic] Clemens VII.
cuius inſignia Crux.
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For this group of Popes, the published text only provides names for the first three (i.e., those who were Popes
between the appearance of the text in 1590, and its publication in 1595) and attempts no explanations.
Vndoſus uir.
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Sydus olorum.
The "star" in the legend refers
Pope Alexander VII, who had
made Clement his personal
84 Star of the Clement IX Giulio
240
swans (1667–1669) Rospigliosi secretary.[58] The Italian word
for swan, "Cigni," rhymes with
Pope Alexander's last name,
"Chigi."
De flumine magno. H
85 From a great Clement X Pope Clement was a native of
241 Emilio Altieri
river (1670–1676) Rome.
Bellua inſatiabilis.
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De bona religione.
A play on words, referring to the
Innocent pope's chosen name, "Innocent."
90 From good Michelangelo
246 XIII He was from the famous Conti
religion dei Conti
(1721–1724) family which had produced
several Popes.
Miles in bello.
Before he was pope there was a
lot of wars in nearby countries
Benedict Pietro
it's possible he could have
247 91 Soldier in War XIII Francesco
fought in one of those which
(1724–1730) Orsini
would make him a soldier in
war.
Columna excelſa.
When still a cardinal, he had
held the title of St. Peter in
Chains.[61] The name "Peter" is
derived from the Greek word
"petros," meaning "rock."
Clement XII Lorenzo Clement was a frustrated
248 92 Lofty column
(1730–1740) Corsini architect who ordered, and
sometimes interfered with, the
building of many churches. He
managed to salvage two
columns of the Parthenon for his
chapel at Mantua.
Animal rurale.
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Roſa Vmbriæ.
He had been a cardinal with the
Clement title of Santa Maria in
Carlo
250 94 Rose of Umbria XIII
Rezzonico Aracoeli.[62] In mystical circles,
(1758–1769) the Virgin Mary is represented
by a rose.
Vrſus uelox.
95 Swift bear (later Lorenzo
misprinted as Cursus Clement Giovanni
The Ganganelli family crest bore
251 velox Swift Course or XIV Vincenzo
a running bear.
Visus velox Swift (1769–1774) Antonio
Glance) Ganganelli
Peregrin9 apoſtolic9.[63]
Aquila rapax.
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De balneis Ethruriæ.
Pope Gregory XVI belonged to
the Camaldolese order of
monks. The Camaldolese order
Mauro, or is said to have begun with two
Gregory
100 From the baths Bartolomeo monastic houses. The first of
256 XVI
of Tuscany Alberto these houses was Campus
(1831–1846)
Cappellari Maldoli, and the second was
Fonte Buono. "Fonte Buono" is
Italian for "good fountain."[64]
Crux de cruce.
During the pontificate of Pius
IX, the House of Savoy, whose
coat of arms is a white cross on
a red background, reunited Italy
and stripped the pope of his
Giovanni territorial possessions. Pope Pius
101 Cross from Bl. Pius IX
257 Maria Mastai XII, commenting on the
cross (1846–1878)
Ferretti beatification process of Pius IX,
used the words per crucem ad
lucem (through the cross to
light). Pius IX was finally
beatified by Pope John Paul II
in 2000.
Lumen in cœlo.
102 Light in the Leo XIII Gioacchino His coat of arms had a shooting
258
sky (1878–1903) Pecci star.
Ignis ardens.
Pius advocated the codification
of Canon law, daily communion
and the use of Gregorian chant
St. Pius X Giuseppe in the Catholic liturgy, and was
259 103 Burning fire
(1903–1914) Sarto an opponent of Modernism. He
was the first pope to be declared
a saint in over 400 years, the
previous one being Pope Pius V.
Religio depopulata.
Reigned during, but had no
influence to stop, the First
World War. This unprecedented
104 Religion Benedict XV Giacomo
260 period of violence was mainly
destroyed (1914–1922) Della Chiesa
fought between the Christian
powers of europe, destroyed
empires which had lasted
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Paſtor angelicus.
Flos florum.
Giovanni
Battista
108 Flower of Paul VI His coat of arms features three
264 Enrico
flowers (1963–1978) flowers.
Antonio Maria
Montini
De medietate lunæ.
109 From the midst John Paul I Albino His month-long reign began with
265
of the moon (1978) Luciani the moon half-full.
De labore ſolis.
Gloria oliuæ.
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Petrus Romanus
In ſecutione extre-
ma S.R.E. ſedebit.
"In the extreme persecution of the Holy Roman Church, there will sit [i.e., as bishop].
Peter the Roman, who will pasture his sheep in many tribulations:
and when these things are finished, the city of seven hills will be destroyed,
and the terrible judge will judge his people.
The End."
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However, in the 1595 Lignum Vitae, the line In persecutione extrema S.R.E. sedebit. forms a separate sentence
and paragraph of its own, and it is unclear whether it is grammatically related to Gloria Olivae which precedes
it, or to Petrus Romanus, which follows it.
There is a claim [67] that the original list written by St. Malachy does not contain a reference to Petrus Romanus
and that the last lines were added to the printed text in Wyon's Lignum Vitæ. This, however, cannot be proved,
as the original manuscript (if any) probably no longer exists.
Other interpretations
That last line of the prophecy of St. Malachy is usually interpreted as a reference to the last pope (Petrus
Romanus, the last in the list), who will be very important for Catholics ("who will pasture his sheep in many
tribulations"), and his pontificate will end with the destruction of Rome ("and when these things are finished, the
city of seven hills will be destroyed"). However, many cities including Jerusalem and Lisbon are also known as
"the city of the seven hills". And the "destruction" is not necessarily physical, it can be a economical crisis, a
great decline of morality and many other things. "Petrus Romanus" doesn't necessarily refer to a pope, it can
mean "St. Peter's throne in Rome", that will be empty in the end times.
Spanish writer father Benito Jerónimo Feijóo wrote in his Teatro Crítico Universal (1724–1739), in an entry
called Purported prophecies, that the ones by Saint Malachy's were a shameful forgery, claiming that they were
created ad hoc during the 16th century. As a proof, he offers an accurate fact: that the first time the prophecy is
mentioned is on a handwritten account by patriarch Alfonso Chacón (a.k.a. Alphonsus Ciacconus, 1540–1599)
in 1590 (this account would be later published, in 1595, by the abovementioned historian Arnold de Wyon). In
this account, Chacón only comments about the prophecies until the papacy of Urban VII (whose papacy only
lasted September 1590, and was the sitting pope at the time Chacón wrote the comment).
According to Feijóo, Chacón, who held a great intellectual prestige at the time, was lured into commenting the
prophecies by someone who wanted to help cardinal Girolamo Simoncelli (1522–1605) reach the papacy. By
showing them to be accurate till Urban VII, it was expected people would believe the following ones. That way,
Girolamo Simoncelli's election as pope would be easier, since the prophecy after Urban VII's one tells about a
pope Ex antiquitate urbis (from the antiquity of the city), a fact that seems to fit him, who was cardinal of
Orvieto (literally "old city", urbs vetus), or at least better than Gregory XIV, who was elected pope after Urban
VII.
Thus, the forgery would have been unsuccessful, since Simoncelli was not elected pope. Jesuit father Claude-
François Menestrier also claimed that the prophecies were forged in order to help the papal candidacy of
Girolamo Simoncelli, offering similar reasons to those of Feijóo. Spanish historian José Luis Calvo points out
that the prophecies seem to be very accurate till Urban VII, fitting perfectly even the antipopes, but that
afterwards great efforts have to be made in order to make the prophecies fit their pope. Feijóo's explanation is
usually regarded as being the strongest evidence of the forgery.
List of popes
Legends surrounding the papacy
Vaticinia Nostradami
Vaticinia de Summis Pontificibus
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Saint Malachy
Michel Nostradamus
Bartholomew Holzhauser
Three Secrets of Fátima
Bible code
The Prophesying Nun of Dresden
Notes
(http://www.cfpeople.org/Books
1. ^ Lawlor, H. J. (1920). St. Bernard of Clairvaux's /Pope/POPEp178.htm)
Life of St. Malachy of Armagh. London, New York: 19. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Alexander IV
The Macmillan Company. p. 267. online (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01287b.htm)
(http://www.youpublish.com/files/24435) 20. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Urban IV
2. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Città di Castello (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15212a.htm)
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03793c.htm) . 21. ^ Web.genealogie, Dynastie de Visconti
3. ^ Wiktionary "hunt" (http://en.wiktionary.org (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties
/wiki/hunt) /Les_dynasties_celebres/Italie
4. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Lucius II /Dynastie_de_Visconti.htm)
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09412a.htm) 22. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Bl. Innocent V
5. ^ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Eugene III (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08018a.htm)
(http://www.bartleby.com/65/eu/Eugene3.html) 23. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope John XXI(XX)
6. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia Pope Adrian IV (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08429c.htm)
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01156c.htm) 24. ^ a b c Héraldique européenne, Papes
7. ^ Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Titles S. (http://www.heraldique-europeenne.org/Regions/Italie
Leone I --- S. Matteo in Merulana /Papes_3.htm)
(http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/titles-3.htm) 25. ^ Properly Asculanus, but that ruins the pun.
8. ^ Regnal Chronologies, Roman Catholicism 26. ^ Saint Nicholas Center Patara
(http://ellone-loire.net/obsidian/eccrcath.html) (http://www.stnicholascenter.org/Brix?pageID=28)
9. ^ House of Arms,Paparo Coat of Arms 27. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Benedict XII
(http://www.houseofnames.com (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02430a.htm)
/coatofarms_details.asp?sId=&s=Paparo) 28. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Clement VI
10. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Lucius III (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04023a.htm)
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09412b.htm)
29. ^ a b c Héraldique européenne, Papes
11. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Gregory VIII
(http://www.heraldique-europeenne.org/Regions/Italie
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06795a.htm)
/Papes_4.htm)
12. ^ Héraldique européenne, Papes
30. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Innocent VI
(http://www.heraldique-europeenne.org/Regions/Italie
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08018b.htm)
/Papes_1.htm)
31. ^ Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Titles
13. ^ A non-standard verb form, replacing classical
(http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/titles-2.htm)
exibit.
32. ^ Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Deaconries
14. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Honorius III
(http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/deaconries-2.htm)
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07457a.htm)
33. ^ Araldicavaticana.com, Clemente VII (antipapa)
15. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Gregory IX
(http://www.araldicavaticana.com
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06796a.htm)
/pantclemente7.htm)
16. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Celestine
34. ^ Araldicavaticana.com, Benedetto XIII (antipapa)
(http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9022007
(http://www.araldicavaticana.com
/Celestine-IV)
/pantclemente13.htm)
17. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope Innocent IV
35. ^ Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Consistories
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08017a.htm)
for the creation of Cardinals (http://www.fiu.edu
18. ^ Christ's Faithful People, Pope Innocent IV
/~mirandas/consistories-xv.htm)
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Websites
Books
Thomas R. Horn, Cris Putnam (2012). Petrus Romanus: The Final Pope is Here. Defender Publishing.
ISBN 978-0-9848256-1-5.
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Prophecy of the Popes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophecy_of_the_Popes
Van der Moere, J. (1872). La fausseté des soi-disantes proophéties d'Orval, de St.-Malachie, et de Blois.
Ghent.
Hogue, John (2000). The Last Pope. Element. ISBN 1-86204-732-4.
Bander, Peter (1969). The Prophecies of St. Malachy. TAN Books and Publishers, Inc.
ISBN 0-8189-0189-6.
Thibaut S.J., René (1951). La mystérieuse prophétie des papes. Bibliothéque de la faculté de philosophy
et lettres Namur.
Lings, Martin (2002). The Eleventh Hour. Archetype. ISBN 1-901383-01-6.*[3]
(http://www.archetypebooks.com) Archetype Books
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