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ABSTRACT
This project deals with the preparation of Oil viscosity, lower volatility and polyunsaturated
(extraction of oil) from the chicken waste which is character off animal fat oils pose normal engine
obtained from tri-glycerides
glycerides through the operational problems. Transesterification is the
transesterification process to find Performance and method of optimizing the characteristics of animal fat
emission characteristics of V.C.R diesel engine with oils.
ratio 18:1 fuelled with rendered chicken oil with five
different blends at speed 1500rpm. The chicken oil is This thesis about conversion of oil from chicken
prepared from waste chicken available at poultry waste in to biodiesel and performance test conducted
form. The blends are made as B0, B5, B10, B15, B20, on stationary
tionary single cylinder diesel engine by using
& B25. The performance characteristics like specific chicken waste extracted oil blends with diesel fuel for
fuel Consumption, brake power, indicated power, no load to full load condition. These tests were also
brake thermal efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency conducted with conventional diesel fuel for
and mechanical efficiency are evaluated and made comparison.
comparison.
rison. This report explains the emission
characteristics of all blended bio-fuels
fuels at different 2. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES:
loads
PRODUCTION OF BIO DIESEL: The chicken that
Keywords: Rendered chicken oil, V.C.R. C.I engine, is taken into a vessel boiled along with water and
Performance, Emissions. temperature maintained above 100 degree centigrade.
After water evaporation the stock is squeezed to
extract oil. The animal fat oil (chicken waste oil) is
1. INTRODUCTION
Fuels derived from renewable biological resources for filtered to remove dirt,
irt, charred food, and other non-oil
non
use in diesel engines are known as biodiesel. material often found in the oil. The catalyst is
Biodiesel is environmentally friendly liquid fuel typically sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) or calcium
similar to petro-diesel
diesel in combustion properties. oxide (lime). It is dissolved in the alcohol using a
Increasing environmental concern, diminishing standard agitator or mixer. The alcohol/catalyst mix is
petroleum reserves and agriculture based countries are then charged
rged into a vessel and the oil is added. The
the driving forces to promote biodiesel as an alternate system from here on is totally closed to the
fuel. Vegetable oils and animal fat oils being atmosphere to prevent the loss of alcohol. The
renewable, non-toxic,
toxic, biodegradable with low reaction mix is kept just above the boiling point of the
emission profiles are suitable alternative fuels to alcohol (around 160 °F) to speed up the reaction.
diesel. Biodiesel
diesel derived from vegetable oil and The triglyceride
ride is reacted with alcohol in the
animal fats is being used to reduce air pollution and to presence of a catalyst, usually a strong alkali like
reduce dependence on fossil fuel. Biodiesel can be sulfuric acid. The main reason for doing a titration to
harvested and sourced from chicken waste. Higher produce biodiesel, is to find out how much alkaline is
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 1746
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2456
Table.2.Specifications of the VCR engine used:
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 1748
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2456
Table.8.Emission test parameters of Diesel: Table.8. Emission test parameters of B20:
S.No EXHAUST GAS S.No EXHAUST GAS
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
CO HC CO2 NOX CO HC CO2 NOX
%vol ppm %vol %vol %vol ppm %vol %vol
1 0.05 16 1 4 1 0.045 8 0.64 3
2 0.056 19 1.6 11 2 0.0462 12 0.68 5
3 0.065 23 2.2 12 3 0.0485 14 0.92 6
4 0.076 24 2.8 13 4 0.052 15 1.19 8
5 0.082 25 3.1 14 5 0.062 19 1.45 10
6 0.095 27 3.7 16 6 0.065 21 2.2 12
Table.8. Emission test parameters of B5: Table.8. Emission test parameters of B25:
S.No EXHAUST GAS S.No EXHAUST GAS
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
CO HC CO2 NOX CO HC CO2 NOX
%vol ppm %vol %vol %vol ppm %vol %vol
1 0.042 5 0.64 0 1 0.041 4 0.78 4
2 0.0425 11 0.72 1 2 0.0412 10 0.89 5
3 0.043 13 0.98 3 3 0.0425 15 1.25 8
4 0.0436 16 1.5 7 4 0.0436 6 1.8 10
5 0.0513 20 1.6 9 5 0.06 17 2.2 14
6 0.055 22 2.1 10 6 0.065 19 2.6 16
1.5 B10
2 0.0412 10 0.69 2
1 B15
3 0.0425 15 0.9 4
0.5 B20
4 0.0436 16 1.2 6
5 0.06 17 1.4 8 0 B25
6 0.065 19 2 9 0 2 4 6 8 10
LOAD
B10
2 0.045 9 0.66 3 2
B15
3 0.0465 12 0.92 5 1
B20
4 0.0476 15 1.21 6 0 B25
5 0.062 18 1.46 7 0 2 4 6 8 10
LOAD
6 0.07 20 2.2 10
Fig.4. Comparison of indicated power at different
loads
60
LOAD VS ηith % 0.1
DIESEL 0.09 DIESEL
50 0.08
B5 B5
40
0.07
B10 0.06
CO (%)
(ᵑith %)
30
0.05 B10
20 B15 0.04
B15
10 B20 0.03
0.02 B20
0 B25 0.01
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 B25
LOAD 0 2 4 6 8 10
LOAD
CO2 (%)
20 B5 2 B10
ηbth %
15 B10 1.5
B15
10 B15 1
5 0.5 B20
B20
0
0 B25 B25
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 2 4 6 8 10
LOAD LOAD
Fig.6. Comparison of Brake thermal efficiency at Fig.9. Percentage of CO2 at different loads
different loads
30
LOAD VS ηmech % DIESEL
80 25
DIESEL
B10
HC (ppm)
60 B5 20
B15
ηmech %
B10 15
40
B15 10 B20
20 B20 5 B25
0 B25 B5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
LOAD
LOAD
Fig.7.Comparison of mechanical efficiency at
different loads Fig.10.Hydro carbons (HC) in ppm at different loads
18
EMISSION TEST RESULTS 16
DIESEL
Percentage of pollutants at different loads 14
12 B5
NOX (%)
10 B10
8
B15
6
B20
4
2 B25
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
LOAD
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 1750
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
4. CONCLUSION: 5. Ram Prakash, S.P.Pandey, S.Chatterji, S.N. Singh,
“Emission Analysis of CI Engine Using RiceBran
A single cylinder high speed diesel engine was Oil and their Esters”,JERS/Vol.II/ Issue I/2011,
operated successfully using CWBD and its blends page no.173-178
with diesel. The following conclusion are made based
6. B.K.Venkanna, C. Venkataramana Reddy, Swati
on experimental results.
B Wadawadagi, “Performance, Emission
andCombustion Characteristics of Direct Injection
Engine works smoothly on CWBD with
Diesel Engine Running on Rice Bran Oil / Diesel
performance comparable to diesel operation
Fuel Blend”. International Journal of Chemical
CWBD result is increased in brake thermal and Bio molecular Engineering vol 2, No.3, 2009.
efficiency as compare to that of diesel.
7. Nagarhalli M. V, Nandedkar V. M. and Mohite
Mechanical efficiency of engine is increased by K.C, “Emission and Performance
the blends of CWBD with diesel. Characteristicsof Karanja Biodiesel and its Blends
in a CI Engine and its Economics”. ARPN Journal
CO2, CO, HC, NOX emissions of blends of
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol.5, no.2,
CWBD with diesel are slightly varied with pure
Feb 2010.
diesel.
8. S. Murugana, M.C. Ramaswamy and G.
Use of CWBD will lead to better fuel economy
Nagarajan, “The Use of Tyre Pyrolysis Oil in
and reduce fuel emission so it is best substitute for
DieselEngines”. Volume 28, Issue 12, December
diesel in especially automotive industry.
2008, Pages 2743-2749.
It reduces green house effect gases emissions and
9. G Lakshmi Narayana Rao, S Sampath, K
there by reduces the environmental impact of
Rajagopal, “Experimental Studies on the
transportation.
Combustionand Emission Characteristics of a
On whole it is concluded that the blends of CWBD Diesel Engine Fuelled with Used Cooking Oil
especially (10% CWBD + 90%Diesel) will be a best Methyl Ester and its Diesel Blends”. International
alternative fuel for automotive applications and Journal of Applied Science, Engineering
agriculture application and will save much of our andTechnology, vol. 4, no.1, 2008, pg. no 64-70.
foreign currency exchange.
10. K. Purushothaman a, G. Nagarajan,
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@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 1752