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Part I: NS2
NS2 Basics

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Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
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Part I: Outline

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• The
Th BBasics
i

ss
– Simulation of computer networks
tworks

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– Tcl/OTcl Tutorial

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• NS2 Fundamentals

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– An introduction to NS2
–
–
Linkage Between
Random Number
e O
en
Te
OTcl and C++ in NS2
umber Generators
by
– riven Sim
Event Driven Simulation in NS2
– NS2 Main n Network
N Components
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Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
k: T. Issariyaku 2
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Simulation of Com
Computer
omp
om Networks

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Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
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Outline

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• Computer Networks

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• A Study of Computer
er Ne
Networks

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• Time-Dependent
p Simulation
Simu

er
• Example
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Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
k: T. Issariyaku 4
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Computer Networks
ks

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• Computer + Networking

I
at
w
er
Te Networking
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Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
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Computer Networks
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• Generally, there are so many tasks

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• Layering Concept: Separate
epar
para

at
functionality

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– OSI M
Model
d l -T
TCP/IP Model
M d l
Application
Presentation Te Application
by
Session
ed

T
Transport
port T
Transport
Network
etwork Network
ar

Data
ata Link Data Link
ep

Textbook:
k: T Physical
Ph
T. Issariyakul Physical
and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 6
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A Study of Computer Networks
twork

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• Suppose you devise a great
g eat pprotocol.

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How do you show thatt it’s
it s great?

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– Experiment: Put all rou routers together

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and
d llett people
l use
sse them
tth
– Mathematic mode
a graph h theory
heory
h Te
model: Model routers using
by
– Simulation: Use p
tion: U programming
g g (e.g.,
( g C++
ed

or NS2)
S2) tto represent routers
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Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
k: T. Issariyaku 7
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A Study of Computer Networks
twork

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Pros Co
Cons

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Experiment Realistic Expensive/

er
Sometime not

Te
possible
Mathematic
M h i Insight
I ight
h N d to make
Need k
by
Model assumptions
ed

Simulation •Eas
•Easy (Cheap) Not much insight,
•Used for verification sometimes need to
ar

make
k assumption
ti
ep

Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
k: T. Issariyaku 8
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Time-Dependent Simulation
ulatio

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• Most commonly-used
y

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at
• Simulation proceeds
ds ch
chronologically.

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• Two
T main
i types:
t es
– Time-Driven Sim
– Event-Driven
Simulation
riven Simulation
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Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
k: T. Issariyaku 9
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Time-Driven Simulation
tion

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• Observe the system at a fixed interva
interval.

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val is assumed to
• Event occurs within an interval

at
occur at the end of the interval
erval

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• Suppose an interval = ' secon
seconds. Then the

er
simulation proceedss as fol
follows:
by
– a,b,c,d are
eeevents
ent
ed

– a is
i assume
ume to occurred
d at t= 2'
2
– b,c are ass
assume to occurred at t=( 5' )
ar

• The
e simu
simulation finishes at a pre-specified
pre specified time
time.
ep

Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
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E nt D i n Simulation
Event-Driven Sim l tion
n

riy
sa
• Observe
b every event.

Is
w
• Each event provide a reference
ence to the next event (e.g.,

er
using pointer)

a
Next_event
Te b
Next_event
c
Next_event
by
ed

• Simulation
n finis
finishes
– At a pre-s
pre-specified time
ar

– When
hen there
th
t is no more event
ep

Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
k: T. Issariyaku 11
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Example: Queuing System
ystem

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Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
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Example: Queuing System
ystem

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Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
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Example: Queuing System
ystem

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Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
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Example: Queuing System
ystem

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Textbook: T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008. 15
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Summary

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• Computer Networks = Computer
puter + Networking

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• A Study of Computer Networks
twor
wor

at
– Experimental

w
er
– Mathematical Model

Te
– Simulation
• Time-Dependent
Tim D p d ntt Simulation
Sim l ti
by
– Time-Driven
en Simu
Simulation
ed

– Event-Driven
E D
Driven Simulation
l
• Example:
ple: A queuing system
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ep

Textbook: Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, Springer 2008.
k: T. Issariyaku 16
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