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ROLLE’S THEOREM & LAGRANGE’S THEOREM ( )

Only one option is correct.
π tan b − tan a
1. If 0 < a < b < and f ( a, b ) = then
2 b−a
(a) f ( a, b ) ≥ 2 (b) f ( a, b ) > 1 (c) f ( a, b ) ≤ 1 (d) None of these
2. Rolle’s theorem is not applicable to the function f ( x ) = x for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 because
(a) f is continuous on [ −2, 2] (b) f is not derivable at x = 0
(c) f ( −2 ) = f ( x ) (d) f is not a constant function
3 If the function f ( x ) = x 3 − 6ax 2 + 5 x satisfies the conditions of Lagrange’s mean value theorem fot the
7
interval [1, 2] and the tangent to the curve y = f ( x ) at x = is parallel to the chord that joins the
4
points of intersection of the curve with the ordinates x = 1 and x = 2. Then the value of a is
35 35 7 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16 48 16 16
π 
4. Consider f ( x ) = 1 − x ; 1 ≤ x ≤, 2 g ( x ) = f ( x ) + b sin  x  ; 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 then which of the following is
2 
correct?
3
(a) Rolle’s theorem is applicable to both, f, g and b =
2
1
(b) LMVT is not applicable to f and Rolle’s theorem is applicable to g with b = .
2
(c) LMVT is applicable to f and Rolle’s theorem is applicable to g with b = 1
(d) Rolle’s theorem and Lagrange’s theorem is not applicable to both f, g for any real
5. In which one of the following functions, Rolle’s theorem is applicable?
(a) f ( x ) = x , in −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 (b) f ( x ) = tan x, in 0 ≤ x ≤ π
2/3 2
(c) f ( x ) = 1 + ( x − 2 ) , in 1 ≤ x ≤ 3 (d) f ( x ) = x ( x − 2 ) , in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
6. Let f ( t ) = t 2 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 and g ( t ) = t 3 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 . The value of c with 0 < c < 1 at which
f (1) − f ( 0 ) f ′(c)
= is
g (1) − g ( 0 ) g′ (c)
2 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 2 6
 x ln x, x > 0
7. If f ( x ) =  and conclusion of LMVT holds at x = 1 in the interval [ 0, a ] for f ( x ) then
 0, x=0
 a 2  is equal to
[Note [k] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to k ]
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 9
8. If Lagrange’s mean value theorem is applicable for

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 3 if x = 0
 2
f ( x ) = − x + 3 x + a if x ∈ ( 0,1) on the interval [0,2], then x ∈ R, is
 mx + b if x ∈ [1, 2]

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
4
9. Let f ( x ) = x ( x 2 + mx + n ) + 2, for all x ∈ R and m, n ∈ R. If Rolle’s Theorem holds for f ( x ) at x =
3
in x ∈ [1, 2] , then ( m + n ) equals
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
10. In which one of the following function Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem is not applicable in [0, 1]?
 1 1
 2 − x if x <  sin x
2  if x ≠ 0
(a) f ( x ) =  (b) f ( x ) = x
 1 − x  if x ≥ 1 
 2   1 if x = 0
 2
(c) f ( x ) = x x (d) f ( x ) = x
x
Let f ( x ) = ∫ e − t ( t − 5 ) ( t 2 − 7t + 12 ) dt for all x ∈ ( 0, ∞ ) , then
2
11.
0

(a) f has a local maximum at x = 4 and a local minimum at x = 3.

(b) f is decreasing on ( 3, 4 ) ∪ ( 5, ∞ ) and increasing on ( 0,3) ∪ ( 4,5 )
(c) there exists at least two c1 , c2 ∈ ( 0, ∞ ) such that f ′′ ( c1 ) = 0 and f ′′ ( c2 ) = 0
(d) there exists some c ∈ ( 0, ∞ ) such that f ′′′ ( c ) = 0
12. For which of the following functions Roll’s theorem is applicable?
x 2
(a) f ( x ) = + , x ∈ [1, 4] (b) f ( x ) = x + 1 − x3/2 , x ∈ [ 0,1]
2 x
 −5 1 
(c) f ( x ) = x + 1 , x ∈ [ −2, 0]
3
(d) f ( x ) = sgn ( x ) + sgn ( − x ) , x ∈  , 
 2 2
2

 (1 + x ) 3 , −2 ≤ x < 0
13. Let f ( x ) =  which one of the following statements is correct?
2
( 3 x − 5 ) , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2

(a) f ( x ) is continuous at each point on [ −2, 2] (b) f ( x ) is differentiable for all ' x ' in ( −2, 2 )
(c) Rolle’s theorem is applicanble for f ( x ) in [ −2, 2]
(d) there exists at least one c ∈ ( −2, 2 ) for which f ′ ( c ) = 0
14. Let f ( t ) = t 2 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. and g ( t ) = t 3 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. the value of c with 0 < c < 1 at which
f (1) − f ( 0 ) f ′ (c)
= is
g (1) − g ( 0 ) g′ (c)
2 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 2 6
15. In which one of the folloiwng functions, Rolle’s theorem is applicable ?
(a) f ( x ) = x , in −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 (b) f ( x ) = tan x, in 0 ≤ x ≤ π
2/3 2
(c) f ( x ) = 1 + ( x − 2 ) , in 1 ≤ x ≤ 3 (d) f ( x ) = x ( x − 2 ) in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2

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16. If the function f ( x ) = x 3 − ax 2 + 2 x satisfies the conditions of LMVT over the interval [ 0, 2] and the
1
tangent to the curve y = f ( x ) at x = is parallel to the chord that joins the points of intersection of
2
the curve with ordinates at x = 0 and x = 2, then the value of a is
9 11 13 15
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4 4
17. For which of the following function Rolle’s theorem is applicable
3
x 2
(a) f ( x ) = + , x ∈ [1, 4] (b) f ( x ) = x + 1 − x 2 , x ∈ [ 0,1]
2 x
 −5 1 
(c) f ( x ) = x + 1 , x ∈ [ −2, 0]
3
(d) f ( x ) = sgn ( x ) + sgn ( − x ) , x ∈  , 
 2 2
18. Which of the following functions fail to satisfy the condition of Rolle’s theorem on the interval [ −1,1] .
(where [ x ] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x and { x} denotes the fractional part of x)


( )
 tan x 2 − 1 ℓn x
+ x ≠ ±1
(a) f ( x ) = x + sin x (b) f ( x ) =  1 − x 2 x −1

 0, x = ±1, 0
(c) f ( x ) = { x} + {− x} (d) f ( x ) = x − sin x
1
19. If f ( x ) = x3 + bx2 + ax satisfies the conditions of Rolle’s theorem on [1,3] with c = 2 + then ( a, b) =
3
(a) (11, 6 ) (b) (11, −6 ) (c) ( −6,11) (d) ( 6,11)
 2 3 +1 
20. If the function f ( x) = x3 − 6x2 + ax + b satisfies Rolle’s theorem in the interval [1,3] and f ′   = 0 ,
 3 
then
(a) a = −11 (b) b = −6 (c) a = 6 (d) a = 11
21. If the function f ( x ) and g ( x ) are continuous on [ a, b] and differentiable on ( a, b ) , then in the

f ′( x) f (a) 1 f (a) f (b )
intervals ( a, b ) , the equation =
g′ ( x) g (a) a − b g (a) g (b)
(a) has at least one root (b) has exactly one root (c) has at most one root (d) no root
22. The length of the longest interval in which Rolle’s theorem can be applied for the function
f ( x ) = x 2 − a 2 , ( a > 0 ) is

(a) 2a (b) 4a 2 (c) a 2 (d) a

1
23. If Rolle’s theorem holds for the function f ( x) = 2x3 + bx2 + cx, where x ∈[ −1,1] , at the point x = , then
2
2b + c equals
(a) −1 (b) 1 (c) −3 (d) 2
24. Let f be continuousely differentiable on [ a, b] and twice differentiable on ( a, b ) and suppose that
f ( a ) = f ' ( a ) = f ( b ) = 0. then ∃ at least one c ∈ ( a, b )
(a) f '' ( c ) = 0 (b) f ''' ( c ) = 0 (c) f 2 + f '2 = 0 (d) None of these
25. The function f ( x ) = [ x + 1] + [ x + 2] ( where [ i] denotes the greatest integer function ) defined in the

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4 ( )BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
interval −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , does not satisfy any of the three conditions of Rolle’s Theorm ; even then the
conclusion of Rolle’s Theorem holds true for the function f ( x ) - examine the truth of the statement .
26. For the function f ( x ) = x which of the following statements is true ?
(a) Rolle’s theorem is applicable for f ( x ) in −4 ≤ x ≤ 4
(b) The conclusion of the Rolle’s theorem holds though all the conditions are not satisfied
(c) Rolle’s theorem is not applicable, since f ′ ( x ) does not exist for some x in −4 < x < 4
(d) None of the above is true
1 1
27. For the function f ( x ) = + , which of the following statements is correct ?
x 1− x
1
(a) Since f ′   = 0 , all the conditions of Rolle’s are satisfied in 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
2
(b) Since, all the conditions of Rolle’s theorem are not satisfied by f ( x ) in 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 , there exists no
x ∈ ( 0,1) such that f ′ ( x ) = 0
(c) f ′ ( x ) = 0 holds for some x ∈ ( 0,1) though not all the conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied
by f ( x ) in 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
(d) None of the above statement is true
28. If the conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied by the function f ( x ) = x3 + ax 2 + bx in 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 and
4
if f ′   = 0 , then
3
(a) a = 5, b = 8 (b) a = −5, b = 8 (c) a = 5, b = −8 (d) a = −5, b = −8
π π
29. For the function f ( x ) = tan x in − ≤x≤ which one of the following statements is true ?
4 4
(a) The conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied by f ( x )
 π π
(b) The conditions of Rolle’s theorem are not satisfied but there exists c ∈ − ,  such that f ′ ( c ) = 0
 4 4
 π π
(c) Not all the conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied and also there exists no c ∈  − ,  such
 4 4
that f ′ ( c ) = 0
(d) None of the above statements is true
30. In which of the following function Rolle’s theorem is applicable ?
 sin x
 x, 0 ≤ x < 1  , −π ≤ x < 0
(a) f ( x ) =  on [ 0,1] (b) f ( x ) =  x on [ −π , 0]
0 x =1  0, x=0
 x3 − 2 x 2 − 5 x + 6
x2 − x − 6  if x ≠ 1
(c) f ( x ) = on [ −2,3] (d) f ( x ) =  x −1 on [ −2,3]
x −1 
 −6 if x = 1
31. Let f : [ −1, 2] → R be differentiable such that 0 ≤ f ′ ( t ) ≤ 1 for t ∈ [ −1, 0] and −1 ≤ f ′ ( t ) ≤ 0 for
t ∈ [ 0, 2] . Then :
(a) −2 ≤ f ( 2 ) − f ( −1) ≤ 1 (b) 1 ≤ f ( 2 ) − f ( −1) ≤ 2 (c) −3 ≤ f ( 2 ) − f ( −1) ≤ 0 (d) −2 ≤ f ( 2 ) − f ( −1) ≤ 0

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Let n ∈ N . If the value of c prescribed in Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x ) = 2 x ( x − 3) on

n
32.

[ 0,3] is 3 / 4 , then n is equal to

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
33. Find c of the Lagrange’s mean value theorem for which f ( x ) = 25 − x 2 in [1,5] .
x 1 1 
34. Consider f ( x ) = ∫  t +  dt and g ( x ) = f ′ ( x ) for x ∈  , 3 . If P is a point on the curve y = g ( x )
1
 t 2 
 1  1 
Such that the tangent to this curve at P is parallel to a chord joining the points  , g    and
 2  2 
( 3, g ( 3) ) of the curve, then the coordinates of the point P that can be found is

 3 25   7 65   3 5 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c) (1, 2 ) (d)  , 
 2 36   4 28   2 6 
35. The function f ( x ) = x 3 − 6 x 2 + ax + b satisfy the conditions of Rolle’s theorem in [1,3] . the values of
a and b are respectively

(a) 11, −6 (b) −6,11 (c) −11, 6 (d) 6, −11

36. If the function f ( x ) = x 3 − 6ax 2 + 5 x satisfies the conditions of lagrange’s mean value theorem in the
7
interval [1, 2] and the tangent to the curve y = f ( x ) at x = is parallel to the chord that joins the
4
points of intersection of the curve with the ordinates x = 1 and x = 2 then the value of ’a’ is
35 35 7 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16 48 16 16
37. Let p ( x ) be a polynomial with real cocffcients Let a.b ∈ R, a < b, be two consecutive roots of p ( x )
Show that there exists ‘c’ such that a ≤ b and p ' ( c ) + 100 p ( c ) = 0

38. If f and F are continuous in [ a, b] and derivable in (a,b) with f ' ( x ) 0 prove that ∃ c ∈ ( a, b ) Such
f '(c ) f (b ) − f ( a )
that =
F '(c) F (b ) − F ( a )

39. Let f ( x ) be a differentiable function on [ −1,1] . if f (1) = 0 and f ( x ) > 0 for all x in ( −1,1) prove
that the equation r f ( x ) . f ( − x ) = sf ( x ) f ( − x ) has solution in ( −1,1) ( where r and s ∈ R )
40. Suppose that f ( 0 ) = −3 and f ' ( x ) ≤ 5 for all value of x then the largest value which f ( 2 ) can attain
is

(a) 7 (b) −7 (c)13 (d) 8

2 x1 + x2
2e x1 + e x2
41. Prove that for any two number x1 and x2 ( x1 ≠ x2 ) >e 3
3

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Paragraph for Qus. No. 42 to 44
Consider, f ( x ) = cos 2 x + 2 xλ 2 + ( 2λ + 1)( λ − 1) x 2 , λ ∈ R

42. For λ = 1 , if f ( 3 x 2 − 2 x + 1) < f ( x 2 − 2 x + 9 ) , then number of intergral values of x in [ −10, 10]

(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 16 (d) 18
43. If f ( x ) is increasing for all x ∈ R, then number of values of λ
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) infinite
 α + β  f (α ) + f ( β )
44 If α ≠ β and f  < for all α and β , then smallest positive intergral value of λ
 2  2
is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Reasoning type
Each question has four choices, a,b,c and d, out of which only one is correct. Each questions constans
Statement – 1 and statement – 2
(a) If both the statements are TRUE and Statement – 2 is the correct explanation of statement – 1
(b) If both the statements are TRUE but statement – 2 is NOT the correct explanation of statement – 1
(c) If statement – 1 is TRUE and statement – 2 is false
(d) If statement 1 is false and statement – 2 is true
45. Statement 1 : For the function f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x + 2, LMVT is applicable in [1, 2] and the value of c is
3/ 2
Statement 2 : If LMVT is known to be applicable for any quadratic polynomial in [ a, b] then c of
LMVT is ( a + b ) / 2
4 3
46. Statement-1 : Let f ( x ) be a cubic polynomial such that ∫ f ( x ) dx = 0 and ∫ f ( x ) dx = 0, then
1 2

f ( x ) = 0 must have three roots in (1, 4 ) and one root in ( 2,3)

b
Statement-2 : If ∫ g ( x ) dx = 0, where g(x) is continuous in [ a , b ] , then the equation g(x) = 0 has at
a

least one root in (a, b)

 1
 x cos x≠0
47 .Consider the function f ( x ) =  x in [ −1,1] .
 0, x=0
Statement-1 : LMVT is not applicable to f ( x ) in the indicated interval.
Statement-2 : f ( x ) is neither continuous nor differentiable in [ −1,1] .
48. Consider the functions, f ( x ) = x − 2 + x − 5 , x ∈ R
Statement 1 : f ′ ( 4 ) = 0 . Statement 2 : f is continuous in [ 2,5] , differentiable in ( 2,5 ) and
f ( 2 ) = f ( 5)

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SOLUTION OF ROLLE’S THEOREM & LAGRANGE’S THEOREM ( )

1. Ans. (b) Consider the function f ( x ) = tan x, x ∈ [ a, b] f ( x ) is continuous and differentiable over
[ a, b] by L M V T ,we have
f (b) − f ( a ) tan b − tan a
f '(c) = ⇒ sec 2 c = , c ∈ ( a, b ) ∴ sec2 c > 1 ⇒ f ( a, b ) > 1
b−a b−a
1 x>0
2. Ans. (b) ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 
 −1 x < 0
( )
Also f ′ 0 + = 1 and f ′ 0 − = −1 ( ) Hence the function is non-defferentiable at x = 0

3 Ans. (b), f ( b ) = f ( 2 ) = 8 − 24a + 10 = 18 − 24a

f ( a ) = f (1) = 1 − 6a + 5 = 6 − 6a , f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 − 12ax + 5
f (b ) − f ( a ) 18 − 24a − 6 + 6a
From Lagrange’s mean value theorem, f ′ ( x ) = =
b−a 2 −1
∴ f ′ ( x ) = 12 − 18a
7 49 7 147 35 35
At x = ,3 × − 12a × + 5 = 12 − 18a ⇒ 3a = − 7 ⇒ 3a = ⇒ a=
4 16 4 16 16 48
4. Ans. (c), For Rolle’s theorem for f ( x ) = 1 − x
f (1) = 0; f ( 2 ) = 1 As f (1) ≠ f ( 2 )
So, Rolle’s theorem is not applicable.
LMVT is applicable to f as it is continuous in [1,2] and derivable in (1,2)
πx π 
g ( x ) = 1 − x + b sin   , g (1) = 0 + b sin   = b , g ( 2 ) = 1 + b ⋅ sin (π ) = 1
 2  2
If b = 1, then Rolle’s theorem is applicable to g also.
5. Ans. (d), f ( x ) = x not derivable at x = 0
π 2
f ( x ) = tan x not continuous at x = f ′( x) = 1/3
is not derivable at x = 2
2 3 ( x − 2)

f ( x ) = x ( x − 2 ) for x ∈ [ 0, 2] Rolle’s theorem is valid.

2

6. Ans. (a), f ( t ) = t 2 , 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, f ′ ( t ) = 2t
g (t ) = t3 , 0 ≤ t ≤1, g ′ ( t ) = 3t 2
f (1) − f ( 0 ) f ′(c) 1 − 0 2c 2
⇒ = for some c ∈ ( 0,1) ⇒ = 2 ⇒ c=
g (1) − g ( 0 ) g′ (c) 1 − 0 3c 3
7. Ans. (c), For x > 0, f ( x ) = x ln x
1
= ln x + 1 , f ′ (1) = 1
f ′ ( x ) = ln x + x ⋅
x
By LMVT in [0, a]
f ( a ) − f ( 0) a ln a − 0
f ′ (1) = =
a−0 a−0

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8 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
1 = ln a, ⇒ a = e
a 2 = e2
 a 2  = e2  = 7

 3 if x = 0
 2
8. Ans. (a), f ( x ) =  − x + 3 x + a if x ∈ ( 0,1)
 mx + b if x ∈ [1, 2]

For LMVT to be applicable,
f ( x ) must be continuous, at x = 0, f ( 0 ) = lim+ f ( x ) ⇒3 = a
x →0

f ( x ) must be continuous, at x = 1, f (1) = lim− f ( x )

x →1

m + b = −1 + 3 + a , m+b = 2+a ..... ( i )

Now f ( x ) to be differentiable at x = 1

( −2 x + 3) |at x =1 = m ⇒ m = 1 Putting m = 1 in (i) we have

1 + b = 2 + 3, b=4 Hence a = 3, b = 4, m =1
⇒ a+m=b
9. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = x ( x 2 + mx + n ) + 2 ∀ x ∈ R

f (1) = 1 + m + n + 2 = m + n + 3 , f ( 2 ) = 2 ( 4 + 2m + n ) + 2 = 4m + 2n + 10
4  16  4
f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 + 2mx + n , f ′   = 3   + 2m   + n = 0
3  9 3
16 + 8m + 3n = 0 ..... ( i )
Now, f (1) = f ( 2 ) ⇒ 4m + 2n + 10 = m + n + 3 ⇒ 3m + n + 7 = 0 ……(ii)
Solution (i) and (ii) we have m = −5, n = 8 ⇒ m+n =3
 1 1  1
 2−x if x <
2  −1 if x <
2

10. Ans. (a), f ( x ) =  2 f ′( x) = 
 1 − x  if x ≥
1 −2  1 − x  if x > 1
 2 
 2   2  2
 1−   1+ 
′
Clearly f   = −1 and ′
f  =0 Hence, f ( x) is not
2  2 
1
differentiable at x =
2
x
Ans. (a), (c), (d) f ( x ) = ∫ e − t ( t − 5 ) ( t 2 − 7t + 12 ) dt
2
11.
0

f ′ ( x ) = e − x ( x − 5 )( x − 3)( x − 4 )
2

sign scheme for f ′ ( x )

Local maximum at x = 4, minimum at = 3, 5. Applying Rolle’s theorem for f ′ ( x )
f ′ ( 3) = f ′ ( 4 ) ⇒ f ′′ ( c1 ) = 0 for c1 ∈ ( 3, 4 )
f ′ ( 4 ) = f ′ ( 5 ) ⇒ f ′′ ( c2 ) = 0 for c2 ∈ ( 4,5 )

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 ( BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
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Applying Rolle’s theorem for f ′′ ( x ) f ′′ ( c1 ) = f ′′ ( c2 ) for some c1 and c2
Hence f ′′′ ( c ) = 0 for some c ∈ ( c1 , c2 ) ⇒ c ∈ ( 0, ∞ )
x 2 1 2
12. Ans. (a), (b), (c), (d), f ( x ) = + , f ′( x) = − 2
2 x 2 x
1 5 4 2 1 5
f ′( x) = 0 , x = 2 , f (1) = + 2 = , f ( 4 ) = + = 2 + =
2 2 2 4 2 2
f (1) = f ( 4 ) . Also function is continuous and differentiable in x ∈ [1, 4] . Hence Rolle’s theorem is
applicable.
Also f ( x ) = x + 1 − x3/2 is Continuous in [ 0,1]
3 1/2
f ′( x) = 1− x is Derivable in [ 0,1]
2
 ( x + 1)2
3 −1 ≥ x ≤ 0
Now, f ( 0 ) = x + 1 =  3
− ( x + 1) −2 ≤ x < −1
Hence, f ( x ) is continuous and derivable in [ −2, 0]
 5 1
and f ( x ) = sgn ( x ) + sgn ( − x ) , x ∈  − , 
 2 2
 5
−1 + 1 = 0 − 2 < x < 0

 1
⇒ f ( x) =  1 −1 = 0 0< x<
 2
 0 at x = 0


 5 1
Thus, f ( x ) is continuous and derivable in  − ,  Hence, Rolle’s theorem is applicable.
 2 2
13. Ans. (d), Clearly, y = f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0
5
y = f ( x ) is not differentiable at x = −1 But f ′ ( x ) = 0 has a root x = ∈ ( −2, 2 )
3
f (1) − f ( 0 ) f ′ (c) 1 − 0 2c 3c
14. Ans. (a), We have = ⇒ = 2 ⇒ = 1 (aS 0 < c < 1 )
g (1) − g ( 0 ) g′ (c) 1 − 0 3c 2
2
⇒ c=
3
15. Ans. (d),
(a) f ( x ) = x , is not derivable at x = 0 (b) f ( x ) = tan x is discontinuous at x = π
2/3
(c) f ( x ) = 1 + ( x − 2 ) is non-derivable at x = 2
2
(d) only function which satisfies Rolle’s theorem, is f ( x ) = x ( x − 2 ) , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
16. Ans. (c), given, f ( x ) = x 3 − ax 2 + 2 x, x ∈ [ 0, 2]
Now, f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 − 2ax + 2
3
f ( 2 ) = ( 2 ) − 4a + 4 = 12 − 4a and f ( 0 ) = 0

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 1  f ( 2) − f ( 0)
∴ using LMVT, we have f ′   =
3
⇒ −a+2=
(12 − 4a ) − 0
2 2−0 4 2
11 11 13
⇒ − a = 6 − 2a ⇒ a = 6 − ⇒a=
4 4 4
17. Ans. (a,b,c,d),
Note: sgn ( x ) denotes signum function of x
x 1 1 5
(a) f ( x ) = + , x ∈ [1, 4] , f (1) = + 2 = = f ( 4 )
2 x 2 2
Also, f ( x ) is continuous and differentiable
1 2
Now, f ′ ( x ) = 0 ⇒ − = 0 ⇒ x = 2 ∈ (1, 4 )
2 x2
So, Rolle’s theorem is applicable
3
(b) f ( x ) = x + 1 − x 2 , x ∈ [ 0,1]
f ( 0 ) = 1 = f (1)
Also, f ( x ) is continuous and differentiable
3 2 4
Now, f ′ ( x ) = 0 ⇒ 1 − x =0 ⇒ x= ⇒ x = ∈ ( 0,1)
2 3 9
− ( x + 1)3 , −2 ≤ x < −1
3
(c) f ( x ) = x + 1 =  3
f
 ( x + 1) , −1 ≤ x ≤ 0

f ( −2 ) = 1 = f ( 0 )
Also, f ( x ) is continuous in [ −2, 0] ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 0 ⇒ x = −1∈ ( −2, 0 )
So, Rolle’s theorem is applicable
 −5 1   −5 1 
(d) f ( x ) = sgn ( x ) + sgn ( − x ) , x ∈  ,  As, f ( x ) = 0 ∀ x ∈  , 
 2 2  2 3
⇒ Rolle’s theorem is applicable
18. Ans. (a,c),
0, x = 0, ± 1
(c) f ( x ) =  It is clearly discontinuous at x = 0, − 1,1
1, x ≠ 0, ± 1
(b) lim f ( x ) = 0 ⇒ f (1) = f ( −1) = 0 ⇒ f ( x ) is continuous
x →1

And differentiable in [ −1,1] and f (1) = f ( −1)

(d) 0 < x < h
f ( x ) = x − sin x , f ′ ( x ) = 1 − cos x ∴ f ′ ( 0+ ) = 0
−h < x < 0, f ( x ) = − x + sin x

( )
∴ f ′ ( x ) = −1 + cos x , f ′ 0− = 0

⇒ f ( x ) is continous and differentiable in x ∈ [ −1,1]

19. Ans. (b) For Rolle’s theorem to be applicable f ( x ) should be continuous in [1,3] , f ′ ( x ) should
exist in (1,3) f (1) = f ( 3)

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1 + b + a = 27 + 9b + 3a ⇒ 26 + 8b + 2a = 0 ⇒ a + 4b + 13 = 0 . f ′ ( c ) = 0 ⇒ 3c 2 + 2bc + a = 0
 1 1   1  12 2b 12 −2b
3 4 + +  + 2b  2 +  + a = 0 ⇒ 13 + + 4b + +a =0 ⇒ = ⇒ b = −6 so a = 11 .
 3 3  3 3 3 3 3
20. Ans. (d) f ( x ) = x3 − 6 x 2 + ax + b , f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 − 12 x + a . Since, Rolle’s theorem holds in [1,3]
⇒ f (1) = f ( 3) ⇒ −5 + a + b = −27 + 3a + b ⇒ a = 11 and b is allowed to be any real number.

f ′( x) f (a) 1 f (a) f (b ) f ( a ) g (b ) − g ( a ) f (b )
21. Ans. (a) = ⇒ f ′( x ) g ( a ) − f ( a ) g′ ( x) =
g′ ( x) g (a) a − b g (a) g (b) a −b
So from lagrange’s mean value theorem there exist at least one root ∈ ( a, b )
22. Ans. (a) According to Rolle’s theorem : if f be a continuous
Function y

on a closed interval [ A, B ] and differentiable on the open interval

( A, B ) . If f ( A ) = f ( B ) , then there is at least one point c in

( A, B )
Where f ′ ( c ) = 0 . Using the above information, f ( x ) = x 2 − a 2 x′ x
−a 0 a
f ( x ) = ( x − a )( x + a ) . Plotting f ( x ) we can see that f is

continuous on [ −a, a ] , differentiable on ( −a, a ) and also

f ( −a ) = f ( a ) and there also exists a point c = 0 in ( −a, a ) where f ′ ( c ) = 0 . So, the length of the
longest interval is 2a .
23. Ans. (a) f ( x ) = 2 x 3 + bx 2 + cx and x ∈ [ −1,1] . For rolles theorem to be applicable. f ( −1) = f (1) and
1 2 3
f ′   = 0 ⇒ 2 + b + x = −2 + b − c ⇒ c = −2 and 6 (1/ 2 ) + 2b (1/ 2 ) + c = 0 ⇒ + b − 4 = 0
2 2
Hence, 2b + c = −1
24. Ans. (a) By Rolles theorem applies to f on [ a, b] there is c ∈ ( a, b ) ∋ f ' ( c ) = 0. Next , by Rolles
theorem again applies to f’ on [ a, c ] we see that there is , x1 ∈ ( a, c ) ⊂ ( a, b ) such that f '' ( x1 ) = 0 .
25. For the function f ( x ) = [ x + 1] + [ x + 2] defined on −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , we have f ( −1) = 1 and
f (1) = 5 i.e., f ( −1) ≠ f (1) . Again, since the greatest integer function [ x ] is discontinuous only at the
integrals values of x , so f ( x ) is discontinuous at the points x = 0 and x = 1 of the interval −1≤ x ≤1.
So, the function f ( x ) is not differentiable at the point x = 0 of the interval ( −1,1) . So, f ( x ) does
1, when − 1 ≤ x < 0

not satisfy any condition of Rolle’s theorem. But here f ( x ) = 3, when 0 ≤ x < 1
5, when x = 1

0 −1 < x < 0
⇒ f ′( x) = 
0 0 < x < 1
Thus, we see that in the intervals −1 < x < 0 and 0 < x < 1 the function f ( x ) is constant function.
Consequently f ′ ( x ) = 0 in those intervals. Thus, the conclusion of the Rolle’s theorem holds true for
the function f ( x )

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26. Ans. (c) Clearly, f ( x ) = x is continuous on −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 and f ( −4 ) = f ( 4 ) but
 1 for x > 0
f ′( x) =  and f ′ ( 0 ) does not exist. Also, f ′ ( x ) ≠ 0 for any x ( ≠ 0 ) in ( −4, 4 ) . So, the
 −1 for x < 0
option (c) is true.
1 1 1
27. Ans. (c) Clearly here f ( 0 ) and f (1) are undefined. Again, f ′ ( x ) = − + 2
. So, f ′   = 0
x (1 − x )
2
2
and option (c) is correct
28. Ans. (b) According to question f (1) = f ( 2 ) ⇒ a + b + 1 = 4a + 2b + 8 ⇒ 3a + b + 7 = 0 ….(i).
2
4 4 4
Also, f ′   = 3   + 2a ⋅ + b = 0 ⇒ 16 + 24a + 3b = 0 …. (ii)
3 3 3
Now solving (i) and (ii) we get a = −5 and hence b = 8
 π
 tan x, for 0 < x ≤  2 x

4  sec x, for 0 < x <
4
29. Ans. (c) Here f ( x ) =  0, for x = 0 ∴ f ′ ( x ) =  .
  − sec2 x, x
π for − < x < 0
− tan x, for − ≤ x < 0  4
 4
∴ L f ′ ( 0 ) = lim− f ′ ( x ) = −1 and R f ′ ( 0 ) = lim+ f ′ ( x ) = 1 . So, f ′ ( 0 ) does not exist. So, not all the
x →0 x →0

conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied by f ( x ) . Clearly, Here f ′ ( x ) > 1 or f ′ ( x ) < −1 .

 π π
Hence, there exists no c ∈  − ,  such that f ′ ( c ) = 0
 4 4
30. Ans. (d) a – f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 1 ⇒ Hence, Rolle’s theorem is not applicable.
b - f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 0 .Hence, Rolle’s theorem is not applicable.
c – f ( x ) is Discontinuity at x = 1 ⇒ Hence, Rolle’s theorem is not applicable.
d – Note that x 3 − 2 x 2 − 5 x + 6 = ( x − 1) ( x 2 − x − 6 ) . Hence, f ( x ) = x 2 − x − 6 if x ≠ 1 and f (1) = −6

⇒ f is continuous at x = 1 . So, f ( x ) = x 2 − x − 6 throughout the interval [ −2,3] . Also, note that

f ( −2 ) = f ( 3) = 0 . Hence, Rolle’s theorem applies f ′ ( x ) = 2 x − 1 . Setting f ′ ( x ) = 0, we obtain
x = 1/ 2 which lies between −2 and 3 .
0
31. Ans. (a) As, 0 ≤ f ′ ( t ) ≤ 1for t ∈ [ − 1, 0 ] Hence, 0 ≤ ∫ f ′ ( t ) dt ≤ 1 ; 0 ≤ f ( 0) − f ( −1) ≤ 1….(i) .
−1
2
Also, −1 ≤ f ′ ( t ) ≤ 0 for t ∈ [ 0, 2] . − 2 ≤ ∫ f ′ ( t ) dt ≤ 0 ⇒ − 2 ≤ f ( 2 ) − f ( 0 ) ≤ 0 …..(ii).
0

Now, (i) + (ii) ⇒ −2 ≤ f ( 2 ) − f ( −1) ≤ 1 .

Alternatively use LMVT once in [ −1, 0] and then in [ 0, 2]
n −1
Ans. (b) f ( 0 ) = f ( 3) ; f ( x ) = 2 x ( x − 3 ) . Hence, f ′ ( c ) = 0, f ′ ( x ) = 2 ( x − 3) + nx ( x − 3) ,
n n
32.
 
f ′ ( c ) = 2 ( c − 3) + nc ( c − 3)
n n −1
 = 0 ⇒ 2 ( c − 3)n −1 [ c − 3 + nc ] = 0; but c = 3 / 4 .
 
3
∴( n + 1) = 3 ⇒ n = 3 .
4
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33. We know that positive power of any continuous function is always continuous in its domain. Hence,
−x
f ( x ) is continuous in the interval [1,5] . Also, f ′ ( x ) = , which is clearly defined for
25 − x 2
all x in open interval (1,5) . Hence, f ( x ) is differentiable in (1,5) . So, there must be a value
f ( 5) − f (1) 0 − 24 − 6 −c
c ∈ (1,5) such that , f ′( c) = = = But here, f ′ ( c ) = .
5−1 4 2 25 − c 2
−c − 6
∴ = ⇒ 4c2 = 6 ( 25 − c2 ) ⇒ c = ± 15 . As clearly c = 15 ∈ (1,5 ) .
25 − c 2 2
Such that Lagrange’s theorem is satisfied.
x 1 1 1 1 
34. Ans. (d) Given, f ( x ) = ∫  t +  dt ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = x + . ∴ g ( x ) = x + . For x ∈  , 3 .
1
 t x x 2 
1 1 5 1 10 1 
g   = 2 + = , g ( 3) = 3 + = . Let P ≡ ( c, g ( c ) ) , c ∈  ,3 .
2 2 2 3 3 2 
1  y
By LMVT there exist a point c ∈  ,3  such that
2 
1 10 5
g ( 3) − g   −
 2 1 3 2
g (c) =
′ . ∴1 − 2 =
1 c 1
3− 3− P
2 2
x
32 3 O
⇒c = ⇒c= .
2 2
3 1 5  3 5 
∴ g (c) = + = . ∴ P ≡  , 
2 3 6  2 6 
2
35. Ans. (a)For Rolle’s theorem to be satified f (1) = f ( 3) must be ⇒ a + b − 5 = 3a + b − 27
⇒ a = 11, which is given in option (a) only, and b allowed to be any real number
36. Ans. (b), f ( 2 ) = 8 − 24a + 10 = 18 − 24a
f (1) = 1 − 6a + 5 = 6 − 6a , f ' ( x ) = 3x 2 − 12ax + 5 ….. (i)
Hence From lagranges mean value theorem, there exist a number c ∈ (1, 2 ) such that
f ( 2 ) − f (1) 18 − 24a − 6 + 6a
f '(c) = = ∴ f ' ( c ) = 12 − 18a ….. (ii)
2 −1 2 −1
7 49 7
But the value of c is
as given in question Hence using (i) f ′ ( c ) = 3 × − 12a × + 5
4 16 4
49 7 147 35 35
Now (ii) ⇒ 3 × − 12a × + 5 = 12 − 18a ⇒ 3a = − 7 ⇒ 3a = ⇒a=
16 4 16 16 48

37. Consider f ( x ) = e100 x p ( x )

Now f ( a ) = f ( b ) = 0 {as p ( a ) = p ( b ) = 0}
Also as p ( x ) is polynomial

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⇒ f ( x ) is continuous and differentiable in [ a, b] ⇒ Rolle’s theorem can be applied

⇒ ∃ c ∈ ( a, b ) such that f ' ( c ) = 0

Now f ' ( x ) = e100 x ( p ' ( x ) + 100 p ( x ) ) ⇒ e100 c ( p ' ( c ) + 100. p ( c ) ) = 0, from (1)

⇒ p ' ( c ) + 100. p ( c ) = 0 ( as e 100 c

≠ 0 ) hence proved

38. Let K1 = F ( b ) − f ( a ) and k2 = F ( b ) − F ( a )

f '(c) k1
We have to prove = Consider a function φ ( x ) = k1 F ( x ) − k2 f ( x )
F '(c) k2

∴ f ( x ) and f ( x ) are continuous in [ a, b] and derivable in (a,b) hence φ ( x ) will also be continuous
and differentiable

Also φ ( a ) = k1 f ( a ) − k2 f ( a ) and φ ( b ) = k1 F ( b ) − k2 f ( b )

Now φ ( a ) − φ ( b ) = k1 ( F ( a ) − F ( b ) ) − k2 ( f ( a ) − f ( b ) )

=  f ( b ) − f ( a )   F ( a ) − F ( b )  −  F ( b ) − F ( a )   f ( a ) − f ( b ) 

{
=  f ( b ) − f ( a )  F ( a ) − F ( b ) + F ( b ) − F ( a )  = 0 ⇒ φ ( a ) = φ ( b )

Hence Rolle’s theorem is applicable to φ ( x ) ∴∃ some c ∈ ( a, b ) , such that , φ ' ( c ) = 0

f '(c) k1 f ( b ) − f ( a )
φ ' ( x )  x = c = k1 F ( x ) − k2 f ( x ) = 0 ⇒ k1 F ' ( c ) = k2 f ' ( c ) ∴ = =
F '(c) k2 f ( b ) − F ( a )

Let h ( x ) =  f ( x )  .  f ( − x ) 
s r
39.

∵ f ( x ) is continuous in [ −1,1] so h ( x ) will be continuous in [ −1,1] and

r −1 s −1
∵ h ' ( x ) = −1  f ( x )  r  f ( − x )  f ( − x ) +  f ( − x )  s.  f ( x )  f ( x ) which exists in the
s r

open interval ( −1,1)

So h ( x ) is differentiable function

Now h ( −1) =  f ( −1)  . f (1) =  f ( −1)  0 = 0 (∵ f (1) = 0 )

s r s

And h (1) = f (1) ( f ( −1) ) = 0  f ( −1)  = 0 ∴ h ( −1) = h (1) = 0

s r r

h ( x ) satisfies all the three conditions hence Roll’s theorem is applicable As such there is atleast one
number c in (a,b) for which h ' ( c ) = 0

th
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Now h ' ( c ) = 0

r −1 s −1
⇒ −  f ( c )  r  f ( −c )  f ' ( −c ) +  f ( −c )  s.  f ( c )  f '(c) = 0
s r

s −1 r −1
⇒  f ( c )   f ( −c )   s. f ' ( c ) f ( −c ) − r f ' ( −c ) . f ( c )  = 0

⇒  s. f ' ( c ) f ( −c ) − r f ' ( −c ) f ( c )  = 0

So r. f ( x ) f ′ ( − x ) − sf ′ ( x ) ⋅ f ( − x ) = 0 has one root in ( −1,1)

40. Using LMVT in [ 0, 2]

f ( 2) − f ( 0) f ( 2) + 3
= f ' ( c ) where c ∈ ( 0, 2 ) , ≤5 f ( 2) ≤ 7
2−0 2

41. Assume f ( x ) = e x and let x1 and x2 be two points on the curve

y = ex
y=e x

(x ,e )
2
x
2
Let R be another point which divides PQ in ratio 1;2
R

(x ,e )
1
x
1
2e + e
x1 x2
Y coordinate of point R is and Y coordinate of point S P
3 2 x1 + x2
3
2 x1 + x2 e
is e 3 Since f ( x ) = e x is concave up point R will always e
above the point S.
x1 R x2
2e + e x1 x2 2 x1 + x2 2 x1 + x2
⇒ >e 3
3
3

Aliter; (above inequality could also be easily proved using AM and GM)
Ans. 42 (a), 43.(a) 44. (b)
f ( x ) = cos 2 x + 2 xλ 2 + ( 2λ + 1)( λ − 1) x 2 , λ ∈ R
λ = 1, f ( x ) = cos 2 x + 2 x. , f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 thus f ( x ) increasing
f ( 3 x 2 − 2 x + 1) < f ( x 2 − 2 x + 9 )

⇒ 3 x 2 − 2 x + 1 < x 2 − 2 x + 9 ⇒ 2 x 2 < 8, x 2 < 4, − 2 < x < 2 ⇒ x = −1, 0,1

f ′ ( x ) = −2sin 2 x + 2λ 2 + ( 2λ + 1)( λ − 1) 2 x
1 1
At λ = 1, f ′ ( x ) = 2 (1 − sin 2 x ) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R At λ = − , f ′ ( x ) = − 2sin 2 x
2 2
Thus, only one value of λ ( i.e., λ = 1) is allowed.
α + β 
Given 2 f   < f (α ) + f ( β )
 2 

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α + β  α + β 
f  − f (α ) f ( β ) − f  
⇒  2  <  2  (Supposing β > α )
α +β
−α β−
(α + β )
2 2
f ′ ( C1 ) < f ′ ( C2 ) Apply LMVT for C1 < C2
Thus, f ′ ( x ) is an increasing function. So, f ′′ ( x ) = −4 cos 2 x + ( 2λ + 1)( λ − 1) ⋅ 2 > 0 ∀ x ∈ R.
For which least integral value of λ = 2 should be there
45. Ans. (a) Verify by taking f ( x ) = lx 2 + mx + n in [ a, b ]

f ′ (c) =
f (b ) − f ( a )
⇒ 2lc + m =
( lb 2
) (
+ mb + n − la 2 + ma + n )
b−a b−a
b+a
⇒ 2lc + m = l ( b + a ) + m ⇒ c =
2
4 3
46. Ans. (d), Given ∫ f ( x ) dx = 0, and ∫ f ( x ) dx = 0
1 2

Let ∫ f ( x ) dx = F ( x )
b
So, for a continuous function, f ∫ f ( x ) dx =  F ( x )  a = F ( b ) − F ( a )
b

If F ( b ) − F ( a ) = 0, i.e., F ( b ) = F ( a )
then applying Rolle’s theorem, we get the result that F ′ ( x ) = 0 ( i.e f ( x ) = 0 ) must have at least one
root in x ∈ ( a, b )
Thus, statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
 1
 x cos   x ≠ 0
47 Ans. (c), f ( x ) =  x
 0 x=0

f ( x ) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
7 − 2 x x<2

48. Ans. (b) f ( x ) ==  3 2≤ x≤5
2 x − 7 x>5

f is continuous in [ 2,5] and differentiable in ( 2,5 ) and f ( 2 ) = f ( 5 ) . f ′ ( 4 ) = 0 by Rolle’s theorem.
Hence, option ‘B’ is correct.

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