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UNIT-I

APPEARED IN
MARKS
S.N0 QUESTION (R05,R07,
Assigned
R09, R13)
(a) Define the following properties of a material : (i) Ductility, (ii) Toughness,
(iii) Hardness, and (iv) Creep.
(b) A mild steel shaft of 50 mm diameter is subjected to a bending moment
of 2000 N-m and a torque T. If the yield point of the steel in tension is 200
1
MPa, find the maximum value of this torque without causing yielding of the
shaft according to 1. the maximum principal stress; 2. the maximum shear
stress; and 3. the maximum distortion strain energy theory of yielding.
R07 3+12
(a)Explain manufacturing considerations of a design?
(b) A cylindrical shaft made of steel of yield strength 700 MPa is subjected to static
loads consisting of bending moment 10 kN-m and a torsional moment 30 kN-m.
2
Determine the diameter of the shaft using two different theories of failure, and
assuming a factor of safety of 2. Take E = 210 GPa and poisson's ratio = 0.25.
R07 5+10
(a) Define factor of safety? Explain selection of factor of safety?
(b) The load on a bolt consists of an axial pull of 10 kN together with a transverse
shear force of 5 kN. Find the diameter of bolt required according to 1. Maximum
principal stress theory; 2. Maximum shear stress theory; 3. Maximum principal
3 strain theory; 4. Maximum strain energy theory; and 5. Maximum distortion
energy theory.
Take permissible tensile stress at elastic limit = 100 MPa and poisson’s ratio = 0.3.

R07 3+12
(a)Define the following properties of a material : (i) fatigue (ii) Resilience(iii)
Toughness and (iv) strength.
(b) A bar of circular cross-section is subjected to alternating tensile forces varying
from a minimum of 200 kN to a maximum of 500 kN. It is to be manufactured of a
material with an ultimate tensile strength of 900 MPa and an endurance limit of
4
700 MPa. Determine the diameter of bar using safety factors of 3.5 related to
ultimate tensile strength and 4 related to endurance limit and a stress
concentration factor of 1.65 for fatigue load. Use Goodman straight line as basis
for design.
R09 5+10
(a)Explain following failure theories: (i) Rankine’s theory (ii) Maximum shear stress
theory (iii) St.Venant theory.
(b) Determine the thickness of a 120 mm wide uniform plate for safe continuous
operation if the plate is to be subjected to a tensile load that has a maximum
5
value of 250 kN and a minimum value of 100 kN. The properties of the plate
material are as follows: Endurance limit stress = 225 MPa, and Yield point stress =
300 MPa. The factor of safety based on yield point may be taken as 1.5.
R13 5+10
(a)What is stress concentration? Why is it important in machine design?
(b) Determine the diameter of a circular rod made of ductile material with a
fatigue strength (complete stress reversal), σ e = 265 MPa and a tensile yield
6 strength of 350 MPa. The member is subjected to a varying axial load from W min=-
300kN to Wmax=700kN and has a stress concentration factor = 1.8. Use factor of
safety as 2.0.
R09 3+12
(a) Define: (i) Reversed stresses (ii) fluctuating stresses.
(b)A steel rod is subjected to a reversed axial load of 180 kN. Find the diameter of
the rod for a factor of safety of 2. Neglect column action. The material has
an ultimate tensile strength of 1070 MPa and yield strength of 910 MPa. The
7 endurance limit in reversed bending may be assumed to be one-half of the
ultimate tensile strength. Other correction factors may be taken as follows: For
axial loading = 0.7; For machined surface = 0.8 ; For size = 0.85 ; For stress
concentration = 1.0.
R13 4+8
(a) Discuss the methods to reduce stress concentration?

(b) A 50 mm diameter shaft is made from carbon steel having ultimate


8 tensile strength of 630 MPa. It is subjected to a torque which fluctuates between
2000 N-m to – 800 N-m. Using Soderberg method, calculate the factor of safety.
Assume suitable values for any other data needed.
R09 7+8
(a) Define notch sensitivity?
( b) A cantilever beam made of cold drawn carbon steel of circular cross-section as
shown in Fig., is subjected to a load which varies from – F to 3 F. Determine the
maximum load that this member can withstand for an indefinite life using a
factorof safety as 2. The theoretical stress concentration factor is 1.42 and the
notch sensitivity is 0.9. Assume the following values : Ultimate stress = 550
9 MPa, Yield stress = 470 MPa, Endurance limit = 275 MPa, Size factor = 0.85,
Surface finish factor = 0.89.

13 2+10
(a) Explain following theories: Haigh’s theory & von-mises theory.
(b) A simply supported beam has a concentrated load at the centre which
fluctuates from a value of P to 4 P. The span of the beam is 500 mm and its cross-
section is circular with a diameter of 60 mm. Taking for the beam material an
10
ultimate stress of 700 MPa, a yield stress of 500 MPa, endurance limit of 330 MPa
for reversed bending, and a factor of safety of 1.3, calculate the maximum value of
P. Take a size factor of 0.85 and a surface finish factor of 0.9.
R09 4+12
A steel cantilever is 200 mm long. It is subjected to an axial load which varies from
150 N (compression) to 450 N (tension) and also a transverse load at its free end
which varies from 80 N up to 120 N down. The cantilever is of circular cross-
section. It is of diameter 2d for the first 50 mm and of diameter d for the
remaining length. Determine its diameter taking a factor of safety of 2. Assume
the following values : Yield stress = 330 MPa, Endurance limit in reversed loading
11
= 300 MPa, Size effect factor = 0.85, Surface effect factor = 0.90, Notch sensitivity
index = 0.90.
Correction factors = 0.7 in reversed axial loading
= 1.0 in reversed bending,
Stress concentration factor = 1.44 for bending
= 1.64 for axial loading
R09 15
A hot rolled steel shaft is subjected to a torsional moment that varies from 330 N-
m clockwise to 110 N-m counterclockwise and an applied bending moment at a
critical section varies from 440 N-m to – 220 N-m. The shaft is of uniform cross-
12 section and no keyway is present at the critical section. Determine the required
shaft diameter. The material has an ultimate strength of 550 MN/m 2 and a yield
strength of 410MN/m2. Take the endurance limit as half the ultimate strength,
factor of safety of 2, size factor of 0.85 and a surface finish factor of 0.62.
R09 15
A pulley is keyed to a shaft midway between two bearings. The shaft is made of
cold drawn steel for which the ultimate strength is 550 MPa and the yield strength
is 400 MPa. The bending moment at the pulley varies from – 150 N-m to + 400 N-
m as the torque on the shaft varies from – 50 N-m to + 150 N-m. Obtain the
13 diameter of the shaft for an indefinite life. The stress concentration factors for the
keyway at the pulley in bending and in torsion are 1.6 and 1.3 respectively. Take
the following values:
Factor of safety = 1.5,Load correction factors = 1.0 in bending, and 0.6 in torsion,
Size effect factor = 0.85, Surface effect factor = 0.88.
R07 16
A machine component is subjected to a flexural stress which fluctuates
14 between + 300 MN/m 2 and -150 MN/m 2. Determine the value of minimum
ultimate strength according to 1. Goodman relation; and 2. Soderberg relation.
R09 15
(a) What is endurance limit? What is the use of endurance limit in fatigue loading?
(b) A circular bar of 500 mm length is supported freely at its two ends. It is acted
upon by a central concentrated cyclic load having a minimum value of 20 kN and a
maximum value of 50 kN. Determine the diameter of bar by taking a factor of
15
safety of 1.5, size effect of 0.85, surface finish factor of 0.9. The material
properties of bar are given by : ultimate strength of 650 MPa, yield strength of 500
MPa and endurance strength of 350 MPa.
R13 12
UNIT-II

APPEARED IN
MARKS
S.N0 QUESTION (R05,R07,
Assigned
R09, R13)
(a) what are possible modes of failure in riveted joints?
(b) A double riveted lap joint is made between 15 mm thick plates. The rivet
diameter and pitch are 25 mm and 75 mm respectively. If the ultimate stresses are
400 MPa in tension, 320 MPa in shear and 640 MPa in crushing, find the minimum
1
force per pitch which will rupture the joint. If the above joint is subjected to a load
such that the factor of safety is 4, find out the actual stresses developed in the
plates and the rivets.
R13 10
(a) Define strength of riveted joint?
(b) A double riveted double cover butt joint in plates 20 mm thick is made with 25
mm diameter rivets at 100 mm pitch. The permissible stresses are : 120MPa in
2 tension, 100MPa in shear, 150 MPa in compression. Find the efficiency of joint,
taking the strength of the rivet in double shear as twice than that of single shear.

R09 15
Define eccentric loading?The bracket as shown in Fig., is to carry a load of 45 kN.
Determine the size of the rivet if the shear stress is not to exceed 40 MPa. Assume
all rivets of the same size.
3

R13 10
A solid forged bracket to carry a vertical load of 13.5 kN applied through the
centre of hole. The square flange is secured to the flat side of a vertical stanchion
through four bolts. Calculate suitable diameter D and d for the arms of the
bracket, if the permissible stresses are 110 MPa in tension and 65 MPa in shear.
4 Estimate also the tensile load on each top bolt and the maximum shearing force
on each bolt.

R09 15
1. What is the efficiency of riveted joint? Find the value of P for the joint shown in
Fig., based on a working shear stress of 100 MPa for the rivets. The four rivets are
equal, each of 20 mm diameter.
2.

R13 10
A bracket in the form of a plate is fitted to a column by means of four rivets A, B, C
and D in the same vertical line, as shown in Fig. AB = BC = CD = 60 mm. E is the
mid-point of BC. A load of 100 kN is applied to the bracket at a point F which is at
a horizontal distance of 150 m from E. The load acts at an angle of 30° to the
horizontal. Determine the diameter of the rivets which are made of steel having a
yield stress in shear of 240 MPa. Take a factor of safety of 1.5. What would be the
thickness of the plate taking an allowable bending stress of 125 MPa for the plate,
assuming its total width at section ABCD as 240 mm?

1. (a)Define transverse and parallel fillet welds? What are the strength equations for
them?
7 R13 10
(b) What is circular fillet weld? Derive the stresses in circular fillet weld when it is
subjected to torsion and bending moment?
Determine the length of the weld run for a plate of size 120 mm wide and 15 mm
thick to be welded to another plate by means of 1. A single transverse weld; and 2.
Double parallel fillet welds when the joint is subjected to variable loads.

R09
8 15
A 50 mm diameter solid shaft is welded to a flat plate as shown in Fig. If the size of
the weld is 15 mm, find the maximum normal and shear stress in the weld.

R13 10
A welded joint subjected to an eccentric load of 20 kN. The welding is only on one
side. Determine the uniform size of the weld on the entire length of two legs. Take
10 permissible shear stress for the weld material as 80 MPa.

R09 15
A rectangular steel plate is welded as a cantilever to a vertical column and
supports a single concentrated load P, as shown in Fig. Determine the weld size if
11 shear stress in the same is not to exceed 140 MPa.

R07 15
Explain the stresses which will act in a bolted joint?
12
R09 15
What is strength of bolted joint? How to increase the strength of bolted joint?
13
R13 10
An offset bracket, having arm of I-cross-section is fixed to a vertical steel column
by means of four standard bolts as shown in Fig., An inclined pull of 10 kN is acting
on the bracket at an angle of 60° to the vertical. Determine : (a) the diameter of
the fixing bolts, and (b) the dimensions of the arm of the bracket if the ratio
between b and t is 3 : 1. For all parts, assume safe working stresses of 100 MPa in
tension and 60 MPa in shear.

14

R09 15
1. A pillar crane having a circular base of 600 mm diameter is fixed to the
foundation of concrete base by means of four bolts. The bolts are of size 30 mm
and are equally spaced on a bolt circle diameter of 500 mm. Determine the
distance of the load from the centre of the pillar along a line X-X as shown in Fig.
2.

15

R13 10

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