CBG MONITORING
EXERCISE
Benefits
Regular physical activity:
lowers blood pressure and cholesterol
lowers your risk for heart disease and stroke
burns calories to help you lose or maintain weight
increases your energy for daily activities
helps you sleep better
relieves stress
strengthens your heart and improves your blood circulation
strengthens your muscles and bones
keeps your joints flexible
improves your balance to prevent falls
reduces symptoms of depression and improves quality of life
Before performing passive exercises, some of the
technical principles should be remembered
Place the patient in proper comfortable position
with proper body alignment and stabilization to
perform the exercise.
The therapist should be in a proper position and ef-
fective stance
Free the region from restrictive closes, linen,
splints, and dressings
Drape and cover the patient as necessary.
Utilize the proper hand holds or grasps by the thera-
pist.
Perform the exercise slowly, smoothly with rhythm
within the available pain free range of motion
without any force behind the range.
Do all ROM exercises smoothly and gently. Never
force, jerk, or over-stretch a muscle. This can
hurt the muscle or joint instead of helping.
Stop ROM exercises if the person feels pain. The
exercises should never cause pain or go beyond
the normal movement of that joint.
Repeat the exercise 5 to 10 repetitions according to
the patient condition and response
Blood glucose (blood sugar) is an essential measure of
your health. If you're struggling to manage your blood
glucose levels, we can help! With the latest tools and
strategies, you can take steps today to monitor your
condition, prevent serious complications and feel better
while living with diabetes.
Normal Blood Sugars
A normal fasting (no food for eight hours) blood sugar level
is between 70 and 99 mg/dL
A normal blood sugar level two hours after eating is less
Procedure of Capillary Blood Glucose Test
Resident Blood Glucose Testing Procedure
Explain the procedure to the resident.
Check the expiration date on the test strips.
Calibrate the monitor (if necessary) according to the manu-
facturer’s instructions.
Ensure the displayed calibration code matches the code on
DIABETES
the calibration bar and the code on the test strip package
insert. mANAGEMENT
The calibration bar is stored in the carrying case until all of
the test strips in that box have been used DIET, EXERCISE, AND SELF MONITORING
Ensure that the monitor and test strips are at room tempera-
ture. If there is a temperature change, the monitor and
test strips should sit at room temperature for 10 to 12
minutes.
Insert a test strip in the monitor according to the manufactur-
er’s instructions.
Lance the resident’s finger, obtain a sample of blood.
Apply the blood sample to the test strip when prompted by the
monitor.
If your monitor allows for the addition of a second drop of
blood, please refer to the user’s manual for detailed in-
structions.
Dispose of the used lancets and test strips immediately accord-
ing to the facility’s policies or the state mandates.
Record the result in the resident’s record and follow physician
orders for notification and providing care.
Document all interventions in the resident’s medical record.

DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes is a problem with your body that causes blood glu-
cose (sugar) levels to rise higher than normal. This is also
called hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes is the most common
form of diabetes.
If you have type 2 diabetes your body does not use insulin
properly. This is called insulin resistance. At first, your pancreas
makes extra insulin to make up for it. But, over time it isn't able
to keep up and can't make enough insulin to keep your
blood glucose at normal levels.
DIET
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean style eating pattern focuses on mostly plant-
based foods like vegetables, fruit, whole grains, cereals, nuts, seeds,
and beans, seasonally fresh, and locally grown foods. Olive oil is
the main source of fat. This eating pattern also includes a small
amount of dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt, fish, and poul-
try. Red meat is limited. Wine can be consumed in small amounts
(1-2 glasses of wine per day) with meals.
The Mediterranean style eating pattern has been shown to protect
against heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. Research shows it
may also help you improve blood sugar and lose weight.
Low Fat
A low-fat eating pattern includes vegetables, fruits, starches, lean
protein, such as chicken and turkey without the skin, fish, and low-
fat dairy products. This eating pattern has been shown to improve
heart health when overall calorie intake is reduced and weight loss
occurs. However, according to some studies, following a low fat
diet did not always improve blood glucose or heart disease risk fac-
tors.
DASH
DASH is an acronym for “Dietary Approaches to Stop Hyper- Tips for Healthy Eating, Diabetes Prevention and Management
tension” and was designed to help lower blood pressure in peo-
ple with hypertension (high blood pressure). This eating pattern
Tips Reasons
Eat three meals per day at
promotes eating more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, regular times and space
seeds, and lower fat or fat-free dairy products, poultry and fish. Eating at regular times helps your
meals no more than six
This eating pattern also limits foods high in sodium (salt) satu- body control blood sugar levels.
rated fat, red meat, sweets, added sugars and sugar sweetened
hours apart. You may bene-
fit from a healthy snack.
drinks. The DASH diet is also higher in fiber and is rich in nu-
trients, such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which may Limit sugars and sweets The more sugar you eat, the high-
help to lower blood pressure. such as regular pop, des- er your blood sugar will
serts, candies, jam and hon- be. Artificial sweeteners can be
Vegetarian or Vegan ey. useful.
A vegetarian eating pattern is based on plant foods, such as veg- High-fat foods may cause you to
etables, fruit, whole grains, nuts, seeds, beans and meat substi- Limit the amount of high-fat
gain weight. A healthy weight
tutes with little or no animal products. The vegetarian diet is rich food you eat such as fried
helps with blood sugar control and
in vitamins, minerals and fiber, and lower in saturated fat foods, chips and pastries.
is healthier for your heart.
and cholesterol. There are several types of vegetarian eating pat-
terns, and they vary in terms of what is included: Eat more high-fibre
foods such as whole grain Foods high in fibre may help you
Vegan: This eating pattern includes many plant-based foods
such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seeds and beans. breads and cereals, lentils, feel full and may lower blood sug-
People following a vegan eating pattern avoid all meat, poultry, dried beans and peas, brown ar and cholesterollevels.
fish and seafood, eggs, and dairy products. rice, vegetables and fruits.
Lacto-vegetarian: This eating pattern includes vegetables, fruits, If you are thirsty, drink wa- Drinking regular pop and fruit
whole grains, nuts, seeds and beans, milk, cheese and yogurt. ter. juice will raise your blood sugar.
People following lacto-vegetarian eating pattern avoid all meat,
poultry, eggs, fish and seafood. However, dairy products are in- Add physical activity to Regular physical activity will im-
your life. prove your blood sugar control.
cluded.
Lacto-ovo vegetarian: This eating pattern includes vegetables,
Alcohol can affect blood sugar
fruits, whole grains, nuts, seeds and beans, milk, cheese, yogurt,
Limit alcohol consumption. levels and cause you to gain
and eggs. People following a lacto-ovo vegetarian eating pattern
avoid all meat, poultry, fish and seafood, but include dairy prod-
weight.
ucts and eggs.
Low Carbohydrate
A low carbohydrate eating pattern focuses on non-starchy vege-
tables such as broccoli, green beans, kale, salad greens
and protein foods like meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese,
nuts and seeds, fats (oils, butter, olives and avocado). Highly
processed carbohydrate foods and grains are limited or avoided
in this eating pattern. There is no standard at this time for the
grams of carbohydrate in a low-carb