CSS in Practice Printable

What is CSS?
• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

– Styles define how to display HTML elements
– Styles are normally stored in Style Sheets
Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) – Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
– External style sheets can save a lot of work
– External style sheets are stored in CSS files
– Multiple style definitions will cascade into one
• Example: my homepage
• Another example:
http://www.w3schools.com/css/demo_default.htm (.html)
Multiple Ways to Define Style Multiple Styles Cascade Into One
• External Style Sheet (.css files) • What style will be used when there is more
• Internal Style Sheet than one style?
– Browser default
• Inline Styles
– External style sheets are included
– Embedded styles (inside the <head> tag) override
• Examples: http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_styles.asp external styles
– Inline styles (inside an HTML element) override both
embedded and external styles
• More: default style, CSS changed by
– Styles modified with JavaScript override all other
JavaScript styles
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CSS Style Rule Selector Strings
property names • Type selector:

declarations – Element type, such as body, p, hr, etc.
• See previous example
p{ – Multiple element types using the same style are
font-size: x-large ; separated by comma
• h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {background-color:purple}
background-color: yellow
} • ID selector:
– #p1, #s1 {background-color: blue}
selector string declaration block – … 
– …
– id values are case-sensitive
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Sector Strings, Continue … Selector Strings, Continue …
• Class selector: • A selector within the content of certain element types

– .myitalic {font-style: italic} – ul span {color: green}: applies to a span element within a
– .myred {color: red} ul element
– … – ul ol li {letter-spacing: 1em}: applies to an li element
– class values are case sensitive within an ol element that is within a ul element
– multiple classes can be applied, separated by space
– All but a few elements, such as html, head, and elements
that appear as content of head, have the class attribute • CSS comments
/* This is a comment */
• ID and class selectors can be prefixed by an element p{
type name text-align: center;
– p.right {text-align: right} /* This is another comment */
– p#left {text-align: left} color: black; font-family: arial
– … }
– … 
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How to Insert a Style Sheet? CSS Basics
• External style sheet • Background

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" />
• Text
</head> • Font
• Internal style sheet • Border
<head>
<style type="text/css"> • Outline
hr {color: sienna}
• Margin
p {margin-left: 20px}
</style> • Padding
</head>
• List
• Inline style
 This is a paragraph 
• Table
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CSS Advanced Font
• CSS dimension • Generic font families defined in

• CSS classification HTML and CSS are:
– Serif
• CSS positioning
– Sans-serif
• CSS pseudo-class
– Monospace
• CSS pseudo-element – Cursive
• CSS media types – Fantasy
• There are a lot other font
families, but might not be well
supported
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How to Select a Font Family? Selecting Font, Continue
• Rules-of-Thumb • Use serif fonts for print

– Don’t use more than 3-4 fonts on any one page – If you have print friendly versions of your site, use
– Don’t change the font in mid sentence unless you serif fonts
have a very good reason
– Examples: garamond, georgia, new york, times,
– Sans-serif for online, serif for print times new roman
– Monospace for typewriter and code
– Script and fantasy for accents
• Monospace for bode examples
– Use it to provide instructions, give examples, or
• Sans-serif fonts are the basis of your site, for imply typewritten text
example:
– Examples: courier, courier new, lucida console,
– Arial, geneva, helvetica, lucida sans, trebuchet,
monaco
verdana
– Verdana is a font family that was actually invented
for use on the web
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Case Study Case Study
• Fixed width layouts vs. Liquid layouts • How to build a 3-column layout:
– https://medium.com/@space.alpaca/so-what-exactly-is- – https://www.w3schools.com/howto/howto_css_two_columns.asp
the-difference-between-fixed-fluid-adaptive-and- • Steps:
responsive-layouts-and-why-3773272d8481
– Draw your layout
• Fixed width layouts: – Create and style a Container element
– The width of the entire page is set with a specific – Use a Headline Tag for the Header
numerical value
– To get 3 columns, start by building 2 columns
– Then add 2 columns inside the wide second column
• Liquid layouts: – Add in the Footer
– The width of the entire page is flexible depending – Add in your personal style and content
upon how wide the viewer’s browser is
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Free Web Templates
• https://www.freewebtemplates.com/
• https://www.os-templates.com/free-website-templates
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CSS in Practice Printable

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CSS in Practice Printable

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What is CSS?

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

Multiple Ways to Define Style Multiple Styles Cascade Into One

CSS Style Rule Selector Strings

property names • Type selector:

• Class selector: • A selector within the content of certain element types

How to Insert a Style Sheet? CSS Basics

• External style sheet • Background

CSS Advanced Font

• CSS dimension • Generic font families defined in

• Rules-of-Thumb • Use serif fonts for print

Case Study Case Study

Free Web Templates

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