[Short Answer Type]

[Sample Problem]
         ⋯  
Find a real number  such that the limit lim 
has a positive
 →∞ 
value.

<Answer> 


Note: The actual value is equal to the integral 


  


[Sample Problem]
ln 
Find the area of the region of the -plane enclosed by the curve    , the

line    , and the -axis.


<Answer> 

 
ln 
Note: The area is given by the integral 

     where   ln .


[Essay Type]

[Sample Problem]
For real numbers    such that      , find the maximum and minimum
values of the expression   .

<Answer 1>
  can be parametrized as   cos    sin  for a real variable .
Then,     cos    sin  
 sin     where  is a constant satisfying
 
sin    and cos    . Therefore, the given expression has the maximum
 
value 
 and the minimum value   .

<Answer 2>
From the relation       , we may write   ± 
    . Now the function
 
     ±      has derivative ′     ∓  , which is zero when
   


    ± . That is when        , i.e., when   ±  . At these critical

 
points,    is equal to ± 
 ± . Therefore, the given expression has the

maximum value   and the minimum value   .

<Answer3>
For a given constant , the equation      represents a straight line with

slope equal to   . For this line to have an intersection with the circle

      , the range of the values of  can be determined by finding the tangent

lines to the circle with slope equal to   . Using one of the various available



     
formulas, the tangent lines have equations      ±         ±  .
   


Corresponding values of  are ±  . Therefore, the given expression has the
maximum value   and the minimum value   .