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Batteries Division

ZVEI information leaflet No. 14e


May 2017

Ventilation of battery charging rooms for


lead-acid traction batteries

1. Foreword The longer the battery charges, 3. Ventilation dimensions


Battery charging rooms must be the more of the charging current Enough air must be exchanged
ventilated sufficiently to avoid is promoting the gas formation. to dilute the potentially explosive
risk of explosion. Once the battery is fully gas mixture.
charged, the current still flowing
This ZVEI information leaflet only produces oxyhydrogen gas. The flow required is calculated
aims to help in designing the per DIN EN 62485-3 for the
ventilation of battery charging Breaking down 1 gram of water reference temperature of 25° C,
rooms for lead-acid batteries. It into oxygen and hydrogen during as follows:
supplements DIN EN 62485-3 charging requires 3 Ah. With an
Safety requirements for overcharging current of 1 A, Q  0.055 m3/Ah  n  I gas
secondary batteries and battery electrolysis produces 0.45 litres
installations – Part 3: Traction of hydrogen and 0.23 litres of where
batteries. It contains guidance oxygen per cell per hour
Q is the air volume flow
and example calculations. (at 25 °C).
in m3/h
Ventilation for battery charging 0.055 m3/Ah
rooms should ensure the gas combines the rate at which
2. General
mixture created is diluted so the the gas develops, the
Accumulators (i.e. batteries) that concentration of hydrogen stays
use aqueous electrolyte, necessary dilution factor for
below the lower explosion limit hydrogen and a general
including lead-acid ones, of 4 % by volume. These rooms
continuously decompose water safety factor
should therefore be designed
due to their electrochemical with enough natural ventilation n is the number of cells
properties. This leads to the (diagonal room ventilation, air connected in series
formation of hydrogen and inlets and outlets on opposite (e.g. 40 in an 80-volt or 12 in
oxygen gases. walls); alternatively, technical a 24-volt battery). Any cells
This causes an explosive ventilation must be installed. connected in parallel are
mixture to escape from the covered by the charging
Even with adequate ventilation, current, as this relates to the
battery cells through the plug dilution of hydrogen is not
openings during charging, whole battery
always assured in the area
particularly near the end of the immediately around a battery. Igas is the hydrogen-generating
process. DIN EN 62485-3 requires electric current in A
When the ‘gassing voltage’ is clearance of at least 0.5 m from
The safety factor means this
exceeded (e.g., 2.4 V per cell for a possible ignition source
formula can also be used for the
lead-acid batteries), the water emanating from a cell opening
entire permitted battery
decomposes much more. In (plug or valve). Open flames,
operating temperature range.
batteries with immobilised sparks, arcs or glowing devices
electrolytes, gas emission is are not permitted within this
typically reduced after several safety distance (maximum
charging cycles, depending on surface temperature 300 °C).
the design.

This leaflet was prepared by the Working Group Industrial Batteries of the
ZVEI – German Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers' Association, Batteries Division
The values of Igas for the Example calculation of air 4. Design of charging rooms
relevant batteries should be volume flow: Ventilation must be designed
enquired from the manufacturer based on the calculated value
of the chargers. The charger’s Mixed installation of PzS and
PzV batteries. of Q.
particular characteristics, e.g.
pulse-, multi-voltage- or fast- Ten PzS batteries 80 V, 420 Ah, For the two variants
charging functions, must be C5, W0Wa charging characteris-  natural ventilation
explicitly taken into account. tic with Igas (equates to charge
cut-off current) of 21 A (example  technical ventilation
If no exact figures are available
for the relevant charger, the from charger manufacturer). the following conditions apply:
value used for Igas should be at
least 40 % of the maximum
charging current (see charger’s Calculation of air volume flow for Natural ventilation
type label). one PzS battery:
The basic requirements for
If several batteries are charged QPzS = 0.055 m3/Ah × 40 × 21 A natural ventilation are a free
simultaneously in the same room volume (total volume of
room, the necessary air volume = 46.2 m3/h
room minus volume of objects in
flow for each must be calculated. it) of 2.5 Q × h [m3], and a mean
For safety reasons, assume that air velocity of 0.1 m/s (in room at
all batteries being charged Calculation of air volume flow for
rest).
produce hydrogen at the the ten PzS batteries:
maximum gassing rate. Sufficient inflow and outflow of
QPzS = 10 × 46.2 m3/h
air must also be ensured.
The required air volume flow for = 462.0 m3/h
a charging station is therefore The minimum cross-sectional
calculated by adding the flows area of air inlets and outlets is
for all batteries being charged in calculated as follows:
Six PzV batteries 48 V, 300 Ah,
the same room, unless this can
C5, IUIa charging characteristic
be ruled out by technical means. A  28 cm2 h /m3  Q
with Igas (corresponding to the
end of charge current) of 3.6 A where
(example from charger
A is the cross-sectional area of
manufacturer).
the air inlets and outlets in
Calculation of air volume flow for cm2
one PzV battery: 28 cm2 h /m3
QPzV = 0.055 m3/Ah x 24 x 3.6 A is the necessary factor for
converting units
= 4.8 m3/h
Q is the air volume flow in m3/h
Calculation of air volume flow for The necessary cross-sectional
the six PzV batteries: area can be provided by forming
QPzV = 6 × 4.8 m3/h the sum of all the different
openings in the building
= 28.8 m3/h envelope.
The airflow must ensure that all
If all 16 batteries in the room parts of the battery charging
have their own charging area, station are ventilated: air should
the required air volume flow is: enter at ground level, be
directed over the batteries and
Qtotal = QPzS + QPzV leave the room from as high up
as possible (cross-ventilation).
= 462.0 m3/h + 28.8 m3/h
If the air inlets and outlets are on
= 490.8 m3/h
the same wall, they must be at
least 2 m apart.

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Doors and windows can only be Technical ventilation Ducts and components of the
counted as inlets and outlets if ventilation system exposed to
they are continuously open If the room does not fulfil the the exhaust air must be acid
during charging and provide the conditions for natural ventilation, resistant.
necessary cross-sectional area a technical ventilation system
when in this open position. must be installed to ensure the Natural and technical ventilation
necessary air volume flow Qtotal. must be designed to release the
exhaust air outdoors. Air outlets
Battery charging is allowed only must be positioned away from
Example calculation of cross- when the technical ventilation is air-conditioning system intakes.
sectional area of air inlets and in operation. Exhaust air must not be fed into
outlets
The effectiveness of the active chimneys.
Using the example for an air technical ventilation must be
volume flow from above, the verified when first putting the
required cross-sectional area for equipment into service and
the air inlets and outlets is again at regular intervals.
calculated as follows:
Other key requirements for
A = 28 cm2 h /m3 × Qtotal natural and technical
ventilation
= 28 cm2 h /m3 × 490.8 m3/h
The inlet air must be free of
= 13 742 cm2 gases that could damage
For square openings, the batteries, e.g. chlorine and
resulting edge length is ammonia.
approximately 117 cm.

Published by:
ZVEI – Zentralverband Elektrotechnik- und Elektronikindustrie e. V.
Batteries Division
Lyoner Strasse 9
60528 Frankfurt

Phone: +49 69 6302-283


Fax: +49 69 6302-362
E-mail: batterien@zvei.org
www.zvei.org

© ZVEI 2017
In case of doubt the original German version prevails.
While every care has been taken in preparing this document,
we cannot accept liability for the accuracy, completeness or up-to-dateness of the information

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