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By:Leaño
3. JUVENILE ARTHRITIS
RHEUMATIC DISEASES • most common form in childhood
• may be associated with rashes or fever
DEFINITION: • may affect various parts of the body
Painful conditions usually caused by • pain stiffness, swelling, loss of function
inflammation, swelling and pain in the joints or
muscles, including loss of function of one or 4. FIBROMYALGIA
more connecting or supporting structures of • chronic disorder
the body. • pain throughout the tissues that support and
move the bones and joints (muscles and
AREAS AFFECTED: joints, tendons, tendons)
ligaments, bones and muscles. • patients may also experience fatigue and
CAUSES: sleep disturbances
1. Genetic
2. Environmental EXAMPLES OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES
- excessive stress on the joint OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)
- repeated injury • most common type
- infection e.g. virus: Eptein-Barr • affects both the cartilage and underlying
Virus and Lupus bone
3. Gender Factor / Hormonal Factor • there is damage to the cartilage (fraying and
- Lupus, RA, Scleroderma and wearing)
Fibromyalgia – more common • joint pain and stiffness
among women • disability results when the disease affect
WHO IS AFFECTED BY RHEUMATIC the spine and the weight bearing joints (knees
DISEASE? and hips)
- RA occurs 2-3x more often in women than
in men 5.SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
-Scleroderma – more common in women (SLE)
-80 – 90% diagnosed with fibromyalgia are • autoimmune disease
women • results in inflammation of and damage of the
-Gout is more common in males than women; joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood
after menopause, the incidence of gout for vessels and brain
women begins to rise
-SLE – more common in women 6.SCLERODERMA
• also known as systemic sclerosis
1. OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) • “hard skin”: affects the skin, blood vessels
• most common type and joints; may also affect the lungs and
• affects both the cartilage and underlying kidneys
bone • abnormal and excessive production of
• there is damage to the cartilage (fraying and collagen in the skin and internal organs
wearing)
• joint pain and stiffness 7.SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY
• disability results when the disease affects • principally affects the spine
the spine and the weight bearing joints (knees
and hips) a) ankylosing spondylitis – affects people
in late adolescence or early childhood
2 .RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) b) reactive arthritis –develops after an
•inflammatory disease of the immune system infection involving the lower urinary tract,
• targets first the synovium, resulting in pain,
Principles of Medicine (Prelim)
2
By:Leaño
CAUSE: unclear
POSSIBLE CAUSES:
• injury to the jaw, TMJ, muscles of the head
and neck
• grinding / clenching of the teeth
• dislocation of the soft cushion or disc
between the ball and socket
• osteoarthritis or RA in TMJ
• stress
S/S:
• pain or tenderness in the face, jaw joint area,
neck & shoulders, in or around the ear
• lock-jaw in the open or closed mouth
position
• clicking, popping or grating sounds when
opening or closing the mouth
• tired feeling in the face
• difficulty in chewing or sudden
uncomfortable bite
• swelling
• toothache, headache, neckaches,earache
TREATMENT
CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT
•apply moist heat or cold packs ice pack x 10
min. Do simple jaw stretching exercises Apply
a warm towel x 5 min.
• eat soft foods
• medications
DIAGNOSIS:
History
P.E.: TMJ Examination
Panoramic X-Ray
MRI / CT scans