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Unit II – Autonomic

Nervous System
Chapter 15

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1


Fig. 15.1 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

2 Glossopharyngeal
nerve transmits signals
to medulla oblongata
Integrating
center
Receptor

1 Baroreceptors
sense increased
blood pressure
3 Vagus nerve
transmits Internal carotid
inhibitory artery
signals
to cardiac
pacemaker

Effector

4 Heart rate
decreases
Fig. 15.2
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Myelinated ACh
fiber
Somatic effectors
(skeletal muscles)

(a) Somatic motor innervation

Myelinated ACh Unmyelinated NE


preganglionic fiber postganglionic fiber Visceral effectors
(cardiac muscle,
smooth muscle,
glands)
Autonomic
ganglion

(b) Sympathetic motor innervation

ACh

Parasympathetic
ganglion

(c) Parasympathetic motor innervation


Table 15.1
Fig. 15.3

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Cardiac n.

Thoracic
ganglion

Communicating Bronchi
ramus
Superior
Sympathetic vena cava
chain

Rib

Splanchnic n.

Phrenic n. Heart

Vagus n.

Diaphragm

© From A Stereoscopic Atlas of Anatomy by David L. Bassett. Courtesy of Dr. Robert A. Chase, MD.
Fig. 15.4 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Eye

Nasal glands

Pons

Salivary glands

Preganglionic neurons

Postganglionic neurons Carotid


plexuses
Heart
Regions of spinal cord Cardiac and
pulmonary plexuses
Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral
Lung
Celiac
ganglion

Liver and
gallbladder
Superior
mesenteric Stomach
ganglion
Spleen

Pancreas

Postganglionic fibers to
skin, blood vessels,
adipose tissue Inferior Small intestine
mesenteric
ganglion

Sacral ganglia Large intestine

Coccygeal Rectum
ganglion
Adrenal medulla
Sympathetic chain
ganglia
Kidney

Ovary
Penis
Scrotum
Uterus Bladder
Fig. 15.5

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Soma of
preganglionic
neuron
To iris, salivary glands,
lungs, heart, thoracic
blood vessels, esophagus

Sympathetic nerve
2 Spinal nerve
Somatic
motor fiber Preganglionic
sympathetic fiber
Postganglionic
sympathetic fiber

To sweat glands,
To somatic effector piloerector muscles,
(skeletal muscle) 1
and blood vessels
Soma of of skin and
somatic motor skeletal muscles
neuron
3
White ramus
Communicating
Splanchnic nerve Gray ramus rami
Preganglionic neuron Soma of
Postganglionic neuron postganglionic
Collateral ganglion neuron
Somatic neuron Sympathetic
Postganglionic
sympathetic fibers trunk

To liver, spleen, adrenal glands, Sympathetic


stomach, intestines, kidneys, ganglion
urinary bladder, reproductive organs
2
Table 15.2
Fig. 15.6 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Diaphragm
Esophagus
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex

(b)
Celiac ganglia
Adrenal gland

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric
Renal plexus ganglion

First lumbar Superior mesenteric artery


sympathetic
Kidney
ganglion
Aortic plexus Inferior mesenteric artery

Inferior mesenteric
ganglion
Aorta

Pelvic
sympathetic
chain

(a)
Fig. 15.7 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Pterygopalatine Preganglionic neurons


ganglion Postganglionic neurons

Oculomotor n. Ciliary ganglion Lacrimal gland


(CN III) Eye
Facial n.
(CN VII) Submandibular
ganglion
Submandibular
Otic ganglion salivary gland

Parotid
Glossopharyngeal n. salivary gland
(CN IX)

Vagus n.
(CN X)

Cardiac plexus Heart

Pulmonary
Regions of plexus
spinal cord
Cervical Esophageal
plexus Lung
Thoracic

Lumbar Celiac
ganglion Stomach
Sacral
Abdominal Liver and
aortic gallbladder
plexus Spleen

Pelvic Pancreas
splanchnic
Kidney and
nerves ureter

Transverse
colon
Inferior Descending
hypogastric colon
plexus Small intestine

Rectum

Pelvic
nerves

Penis Bladder
Ovary

Scrotum
Uterus
Table 15.3
Fig. 15.8 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
(a) Parasympathetic fiber

Nicotinic
receptor
ACh

Target
cell

ACh

Preganglionic Postganglionic Muscarinic


neuron neuron receptor

(b) Sympathetic adrenergic fiber

Nicotinic
receptor
ACh

Target
cell

Preganglionic NE
neuron
Postganglionic Adrenergic receptor
neuron

(c) Sympathetic cholinergic fiber

Nicotinic
receptor
ACh

Target
cell

Preganglionic ACh
neuron
Postganglionic Muscarinic receptor
neuron
Table 15.4
Table 15.5
Fig. 15.9 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Brain

Parasympathetic fibers
of oculomotor nerve (III)

Sympathetic
fibers
Superior
cervical
ganglion

Ciliary
ganglion

Spinal cord
Cholinergic stimulation
of pupillary constrictor

Iris
Adrenergic Pupil
stimulation of
pupillary dilator

Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
(cholinergic) effect
(adrenergic) effect

Pupil dilated Pupil constricted


Fig. 15.10
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Artery

Sympathetic 1 Strong
nerve fiber sympathetic
tone
2
2 Smooth muscle
3 contraction
Vasomotor
tone 3 Vasoconstriction

(a) Vasoconstriction

1 Weaker
sympathetic
2 tone

2 Smooth muscle
3 relaxation

3 Vasodilation

(b) Vasodilation
Table 15.6

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