Chapter 6 Figures

Figure 6.1a: Synthetic shot gather Figure 6.1b: Synthetic shot gather Figure 6.1c: Synthetic shot gather Figure 6.1d: Synthetic shot gather
with no noise or statics. with noise but no statics. with no noise but with statics. with noise and statics.
Figure 6.2: Elevation statics in land and marine surveys.
Figure 6.3a: Before any static corrections

Source

Topography
Receiver

V1

Datum

V1

WL Bottom
V2

Figure 6.3b: After elevation correction

Datum

V1

WL Bottom
V2
Figure 6.4: Typical uphole survey geometry

Figure 6.5: Real uphole survey example.

Figure 6.6: The ABC (Delay-Time) Method

 In this figure:

A B C

HB
D
E

o We have a dipping refractor DE with velocity V2 (that can be estimated from the T-X
curve of refracted arrival).
o The upper layer has a velocity V1 (that can be estimated from the T-X curve of direct
arrival).
o The points A and C represent coincident shot-receiver points on the ground surface.
o The geophone that we are trying to determine the depth to the refractor (HB) at is
located at point B.
o Dotted lines represent raypaths.
o The total distance between A and C is X, which is known.
o TAB represents the time from shot A to receiver B through the dotted raypath. It can
be calculated from the T-X curves.
o TCB represents the time from shot C to receiver B through the dotted raypath. It can
be calculated from the T-X curves.
o TAC = TCA represents the time from shot A to receiver C through the dotted raypath.
It can be calculated (or extrapolated) from the T-X curves.
o Define the quantity TABC = TAB + TBC - TAC .

2
T V V 
 Then HB is given as: H B  ABC 1 , where Cos c  1   1  .
2Cos c  V2 
Figure 6.7a: Case where surface-consistent assumption is valid.

Datum

V1

WL Bottom
V2

Figure 6.7b: Case where surface-consistent assumption is NOT valid.

Datum

V1

WL Bottom
V2