LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY

College of Law
1 Semester, 2018-2019
st

Criminal Law Review

SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
Atty. Ramon S. Esguerra

Part I

I. General and Fundamental Principles

A. Definition of Special Penal Laws; application of the Revised Penal Code (RPC)

1. Article 5, RPC
2. Article 10, RPC
a. Evangeline Ladonga v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 141066, February 17, 2005
b. People v. Simon, G.R. No. 93028, July 29, 1994
c. Dunlao v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 111343, August 22, 1996

B. Mala in Se and Mala Prohibita; Moral Turpitude

a. People v. Quijada, G.R. Nos. 115008-09, July 24, 1996
b. Zari v. Flores, A.M. No. (2170-MC) P-1356, November 21, 1979
c. Dela Torre v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 121592, July 5, 1996

C. Relevant Rules in Statutory Construction

1. Penal Laws are liberally constructed in favor of an accused

a. Article 22, RPC in relation to Art. 10, RPC.
b. Proscription against Ex Post Facto Law
c. People v. Velasco, 252 SCRA 135
d. People v. Bracamonte, 257 SCRA 380

2. Specific over general

a. Ladonga case, supra

3. Expressio unios est exclusion alterius

a. Certeno v. Villalon-Pornillos, 236 SCRA 197
b. Malinias v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 146943, October 4, 2002

II. Special Laws which affect liabilities and penalties

A. R.A. 9346 “An Act Prohibiting the Imposition of Death Penalty”

1. People v. Glino, G.R. No. 173793, December 4, 2007
2. People v. Bon, G.R. No. 166401, October 30, 2006

B. R.A. No. 9344 “Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of 2006”; (as amended by R.A. No. 10630)
1. Ortega v. People, G.R. No. 151085, August 20, 2008
 2. People v. Mantalba, G.R. No. 186227, July 20, 2001
3. People v. Monticlavo, G.R. No. 193507, January 30, 2013
4. People v. Cordova, G.R. Nos. 83373-74, July 5, 1993

C. R.A. No. 4103 “Indeterminate Sentence Law”

1. People v. Romua, G.R. No. 126175, May 29,1997

2. People v. Jaranilla, G.R. No. L-28547, February 22, 1974
3. Ladino v. Garcia, G.R. No. 123491, December 6, 1996
4. Articles 62 (Par. 5), 114, 115, 116, 117, 132, 134, 139, RPC
5. People v. Corral, 74 Phil 359
6. Agoncillo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118816

D. P.D. No. 968, as amended, “Probation Law”

1. Francisco v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 108747, April 6, 1995

2. Alejandra Pablo v. Judge Castillo, G.R. No. 125108, August 3, 2000
3. Santos v. CA, G.R. No. 127899, December 2, 1999
4. Colinares v. People, G.R. No. 182748, December 13, 2011
5. Sec. 24, R.A. 9165
6. Sec. 264, B.P. 881
7. R.A. No. 9160, as amended by R.A. No. 9194
8. Sec. 16, R.A. 9745

E. R.A. No. 10592, Subsidiary Penalty

F. R.A. No. 10592, Preventive Imprisonment and Good Conduct Time Allowance and other
Allowances

G. P.D. No. 1829, Obstruction of Justice Law

1. In relation to Articles 19 and 20, RPC

H. P.D. 1612, Anti-Fencing Law

1. Capili v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 139250, August 15, 2000

I. Act No. 3326 “Prescriptive Periods for Violations of Special Laws and Municipal Ordinances”
1. In relarion to Art. 91 of the RPC and Special Laws which provides for prescription.
2. Zaldivia v. People, G.R. No. 102342, July 3, 1992
3. Reodica v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125066, July 8, 1998
4. Romualdez v. Marcelo, G.R. Nos. 165510-33, July 28, 2006

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 PART II

III. Humanitarian and Human Rights Law

A. Anti-Torture Act of 2009 (RA 9745)
1. Definition of Torture
2. Punished Acts
3. Exception to Exclusionary Rule
4. Persons Criminally Liable/Offenders
5. Applicability of the RPC v. Torture as an Independent Crime

B. Hazing Regulation Act/Anti-Hazing Law (RA 8049)

1. Definition of Hazing, Organization/s, etc.
2. Persons Criminally Liable/Offenders
a. People v. CA, G.R. No. 154954, February 2012 (Lenny Villa Case)

C. Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 (RA 9208)

1. Definitions
2. Punishable Acts
3. Qualified Trafficking in Persons
4. Who may prosecute
5. Initiation and Prosecution of Cases
6. Legal Protection to Trafficked Persons
7. People v. Shirley Casio, G.R. No. 211465, December 2, 2014

D. Anti-Violence Against Women and Children (RA 9262)

1. Definition
2. Acts of Violence
3. Who are the Victims?
4. Protection Orders
5. Battered Woman Syndrome
a. People v. Genosa, G.R. No. 135981, January 15, 2004
b. People v. Sales, 658 SCRA 367

E. Child Abuse Law (R.A. Nos. 7610; 7658 and 9231)

1. State Policy
a. Malto v. People, G.R. No. 164733, September 21, 2007
2. Definition “Children” etc.
3. Acts punishable
a. Lavides v. CA, 324 SCRA 321
4. “Sweetheart theory”
a. Malto, supra
5. Sexual Abuse v. Child Abuse
a. People v. Montinola, G.R. No. 178061
6. Proving Minority
a. People v, Abulon, G.R. No. 174473, August 17, 2007
7. Variance principle
a. People v. Caoili, G.R. No. 196342, August 8, 2017
b. Quimvel v. People, G.R. No. 214497, April 18, 2017

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F. Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009 (R.A. No. 9775)
1. Definition of “Child Pornography”
2. Punishable Acts

G. Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009

1. Acts Punishable
2. Meaning of “Voyeurism”

H. Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (R.A. No. 9165)

1. People v. Mariacos, 621 SCRA 327
2. People v. Noque, 610 SCRA 195
3. People v. Ditong, 638 SCRA 835
4. Illegal sale/possession/use of dangerous drugs: elements
a. People v. Camilo D. Nicart and Manuel T. Capanan, 675 SCRA 688
5. Chain of custody rule
a. People v. Relato, 633 SCRA 260
b. People v. Zafra, 671 SCRA 396
6. Exception to chain of custody rule
a. People v. Sabadlab, 663 SCRA 426
b. People v. Bautista, 666 SCRA 518
c. People v. Figueroa, 669 SCRA 391
d. Posiquit v. People, 663 SCRA 110
e. People v. Posada, 667 SCRA 790
f. People v. Brillantes, 671 SCRA 388

I. Anti-Plunder Act (R.A. No. 7080, as amended)

1. Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, 369 SCRA 394
2. Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, 377 SCRA 538

J. Anti-Alias Law (C.A. No. 142)

1. Legamia v. IAC, 131 SCRA 478
2. Ursua v. CA, 256 SCRA 147
3. People v. Estrada, 583 SCRA 302

K. Anti-Carnapping Act of 1972 (R.A. No. 6539)

1. People v. Dela Cruz, 183 SCRA 763
2. Izon v. People, 107 SCRA 118
3. People v. Gawan, 657 SCRA 713

L. Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunitions Regulation Act (R.A. 10591)

1. People v. Ladjaalam, 340 SCRA 617
2. Evangelista v. Sistosa, 362 SCRA 563
3. Agote v. Lorenzo, 464 SCRA 60

M. Philippine Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law, Genocide, and Other Crimes
Against Humanity (RA 9851) – For Open Discussion
1. “War Crimes”

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 2. International Conflict, Non-International Conflict & Other Serious Violations
3. “Genocide”
4. “Crimes Against Humanity”

PART III

A. Bouncing Checks Law (B.P. 22)

1. Punishable acts
2. Evidence of knowledge of insufficient funds
3. Preference of imposition of fine
4. Cases:
a. Nierras v. Dacuycuy, 181 SCRA 1
b. Que v. People, 154 SCRA 160
c. Lim Lao v. CA, 274 SCRA 572
d. Mitra v. People, 623 SCRA 673
e. Amada Resterio v. People, G.R. No. 177438, September 24, 2012
f. San Mateo v. People, 692 SCRA 660

B. Access Devices Regulation Act of 1998 (R.A. 8484)

1. Prohibited Acts
2. Soledad v. People, G.R. No. 184274, February 23, 2011

C. Intellectual Property Code (R.A. No. 8293)

1. Substituting and altering trademarks, trade names, or service marks
2. Unfair competition
3. Fraudulent registration
4. Fraudulent designation of origin
5. Cases:
a. Coca-Cola v. Gomez, 571 SCRA 18
b. McDonald’s Corporation v. L.C. Big Mak Burger, Inc., 437 SCRA 10
c. Torres v. Spouses Perez, 686 SCRA 615

PART IV

A. Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001 (R.A. 9160, as amended by R.A. 9194)

1. Purpose
2. Prohibited acts
3. Cases:
a. Republic v. Cabrini Green & Ross, Inc., G.R. No. 154522, May 5, 2006
b. Republic v. Glasgow Credit and Collection Services, Inc., G.R. No. 170281, January 18,
2008

B. Bank Secrecy Law (R.A. 1405)

1. Purpose
2. Confidential nature of deposits
3. Exceptions

C. Anti-Wiretapping Law (R.A. 4200)

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 1. Punishable Acts
2. Exceptions
3. Cases:
a. Ganaan v. IAC, 145 SCRA 112
b. Ramirez v. CA, 248 SCRA 590

D. Data Privacy Act of 2012 (R.A. 10173)

1. Purpose
2. Definition of “personal information” [Sec. 3(g)]
3. Rights of a data subject
4. Prohibited acts (Sec. 25)