Revised as per suggestions given bv the Standing.

Committee on Academic Matters on 15.07.2009

M. Sc. COURSE
IN ;
OPERATIONAL RESEARCH

TWO-YEAR FULL-TIME PROGRAMME

SEMESTERS I to IV

SCHEME OK EXAMINATION AND COURSE

CONTENTS

Department of Operational'Research
Faculty of Mathematical Sciences
University of Delhi
Delhi-110007
 M . Sc. O P E R A T IO N A L R E SE A R C H
SC H E M E OK E X A M IN A T IO N

Examination 2009 and onwards Duration Sem. Exam Int. Ass. 'I'otal Cr<
(hrs.) Marks Marks
First Year: Semester I
Course 101 : Mathematical Programming-1 3 70 30 100 4
Course 102: Inventory Management-1 3 70 30 100 4
Course 103: Queueing System-1 3 70 30 100 4
Course 104 : Statistics-1 3 70 30 100 4
Course 105 : G i f & Unix
(a) Theory 3 50 20 70 4
-*
(b) Practical 30
—

Examination 2010 and onwards Duration Sem. Exam Int. Ass. Total Cr
' * - • t * 1. i (hrs.) Marks Marks
First Year: Semester II

Course 201 : Mathematical Programming-ll 3 70 30 100 4

Course 202: Scheduling Techniques 3 70 30 100 4
Course , 203 : Marketing Management -->> 70 30 100 4
Course 204 : Reliability & Maintenance Theory 70 30 100 4
Course 205 : Java Programming ,
(a) Theory 3 50 20 70 4
(b) Practical 3 30

Examination 2010 and onwards Duration Sem. Exam Int. Ass. Total Credits
(hrs.) Marks Marks
Second Year: Semester III

Course 301.: Mathematical Programming-! 11 70 30 100 4

Course 302: Statistics-11 70 30 100 4
Course 303 Software Reliability 70 30 100 4
Course 304 Database Management System
& Visual Programming
(a) Theory 50 20 70 4
(b) Practical 30
Course 305 : Any course out o f the following :
(0 A course o f equivalent credit offered
by another department.
(ii) Financial Management 70 30 100 4
(iii) Logistics & Supply Chain 70 30 100 4
Management

1
Examination 2011 and onwards
Duration Sem. Exam Int. Ass. Total Credits
(hrs.) Marks Marks
Second Year: Semester IV

C ourse 4 0 1 -403: A n y three o f the follow ing :

(i) M arketing'fcesearch 3 70 30 100 4

(ii) Inventory M anagem ent-ll 3 70 30 100 4
(iii) Q ueueing System-II J 70 30 100 4
O
(iv) M ulticriteria D ecision M odels J 70 30 100 4
■*>
(v) D ynam ic O ptim ization J 70 30 100 4
->
(vi) D ecision 7116017 J 70 30 100 4
"»
(vii) Portfolio M anagem ent J 70 30 100 4
(viii) Q uality M anagem ent 3 70 30 100 4
(ix) D ata W arehousing and Data — 3 70 30 100 4
M ining
(X) A course o f equivalent credit 3 70 30 100 4
offered by another departm ent.

C ourse 404 405 : Project W ork

T he Project w ork will be taken under approved supervisors from
am ongst the m em bers o f the s ta ff and the report is to be subm itted for
evaluatioQ,by April 30.

It will carry 200 marks.

Project Report 100 marks

V iva-V oce 50 marks

Internal A ssessm ent 50 m arks 200 8

Note 1 : Each paper will carry 100 marks including 30 marks earmarked for
Internal Assessment.

Note 2: Students will be encouraged to use relevant software, viz. INDO/LINGO/

MATLAB/SPSS/ Mathematica, etc. during their course o f study.

Note 3 : It is recommended, that four lectures per week will be devoted to papers 101
to 104,201 to 204,301 to 303 & 305 and 401-403 and three lectures per week
for the theory part of papers 105, 205 & 304. It is further recommended that
each part of practical papers 105, 205 & 304 will be assigned two practical
periods per week.

2
Note 4 : Papers 105, 205 & 304 consists of two parts (a and b) with the following
subdivision of 30 marks for Part-b :

Practical Examination : 20 marks

Oral : 05 marks
Record Book : 05 marks
' ' * ....

Note 5 : The format and modus operandi of Internal Assessments will be decided
and announced by the Department at the beginning of a semester.

P a ss P e r c e n ta g e , P ro m o tio n a n d Division C r it e r i a a n d S p a n P e rio d

PASS PE R C E N T A G E

M inim um m arks for passing the examination in each sem ester shall be 4 0 % in each pap er and
4 5 % in aggregate o f a semester.

However, a candidate w ho has secured the m inim um marks to pass in each paper but has not
secured the m inim um m arks to pass in aggregate m ay reappear in any o f the paper/s o f his choice
in the concerned sem ester in o rd er to be able to secure the m inim um m arks prescribed to pass the
sem ester in aggregate.
* • *I. •
N o te : Examination for courses shall be conducted only in the respective odd and even sem esters
as per the S chem e o f Exam inations. Regular as well as E x-Students shall be perm itted to
appear/re-appear/im prove in courses o f odd sem esters only at the end o f odd sem esters and
courses o f even sem esters only at the end o f even semesters.

N o student would be allow ed to avail o f more than 3 chances to pass any paper inclusive o f the
first attempt.

P R O M O T IO N C R IT E R IA

A. S e m e s te r to S e m e s te r: Students shall be required to fulfill th e p rom otion criteria from

the first y e a r to the second year o f the Course. Within the sam e year, students shall be
allowed to be prom oted from a sem ester to the next sem ester, provided he/she has passed
at least h a lf the papers o f the current semester.

B. F irst y e a r to S e c o n d y e a r : Admission to the second y e a r o f th e M. Sc. C ourse shall be

open to only tho'se stu d en ts'w h o 'h av e successfully passed a t least 75% papers out o f the
papers offered for the first year o f the M. Sc. Course c o m p risin g Sem ester 1 and S em ester
II taken together. H ow ever, he/she will have to clear the rem aining papers w hile studying
in the second year o f the M. Sc. Course.
\D1VIS1QN C R I T E R I A

Successful candidates w ill be classified on the basis o f the com bined results o f first year and
second y e a r exam inations as follows:

C andidates securing 60% and above I D iv is io n

C andidates securing 50% and above but less II Division
than 60%
C andidates secu ring 45% and abov e but less Pass
than 50%

SPAN PERIOD

N o studen ts shall be adm itted as a candidate for the exam ination for a n y o f the Y ears/S em esters
after the lapse o f 4 y e a rs from th e rla te o f adm issio n to the first year o f the-M. Sc. Program m e.

4
M. Sc. O PERATIO NAL RESEARCH

S em ester I: E x a m i n a t i o n 2 0 0 9 a n d o n w a r d s

Course -101: M athem atical Programming-1

Introduction to Linear Program m ing. Problem formulations. Linear independence and

dependence o f vectors. Convex sets. Extreme points. Hyperplanes and Halfspaces.

Directions o f a'convex* set. Convex cones. Polyhedral sets and cones. Theory o f Sim plex

Method. Simplex Algorithm. Degeneracy. Bounded variable problem. Revised Sim plex

method. Duality theory. Dual-simplex method. Param etric linear program m ing.

Sensitivity analysisTTransportation problem. Assignment problem.

Suggested Readings:
1. M. S. Bazara, J. J. Jarvis, H. D. Sherali: Linear Program m ing and N etw ork Flows,
Wiley, 3rd Edition, 2004.
2. P. R. Thie, G. E. Keough: A n Introduction to Linear Program m ing and G am e Theory,.
Wiley, N ew Jersey, 3rd edition, 2008.
3. S. I. Gass: Linear Program m ing- M ethods and A pplications. 5th Edition, M cG raw
Hill, N ew York, 1985 (D over Publications, 2003 is also available).
' - m t * I . •

4. G. Hadley: Linear Program m ing. Narosa. 1987 (2002 reprint available).

5. G. Hadley: Linear Algebra, Narosa. 1987 (2002 reprint available).
6. Wayne L. W inston and M. Venkataramanan: Introduction to M athem atical
Programming: Applications and Algorithms, 4th edition. Duxbury Press, 2002.
7. Hamdy A. Taha: O perations Research-An Introduction, Prentice Hall, 8th Edition,
- 2007.
8. S. Chandra, Jayadeva, A pam a Mehra: Numerical O ptim ization w ith A pplications,
Narosa Publishing House, 2009
9. A. Ravindran, D. T. Phillips and Jam es J. Solberg: Operations Research- Principles
and Practice, John W iley & Sons, 2005.
10. F.S. Hillier. G.J. Lieberm an : Introduction to Operations R esearch- C oncepts and
Cases, 9th Edition, Tata M cG raw Hill. 2010.
' » *t. »
Course-102: Inventory' M anagem ent-I
Analytical structure o f Production and Inventory problem s. Inventory related costs.
Properties o f Inventory system s. Factors influencing inventories. Inventory classification
and its use in controlling inventory. Concept o f Lead time, safety stock and service level.

5
D eterm inistic inventory m odels and extensions without and with lead tim e. Inventory
m odels with partial backlogging and lost sales. Inventory m odels w ith constraints.
Q uantity discounts: All units and incremental. M odels with continuous production and
non-constant dem and with known production capacity.
Stochastic Inventory Models and Extension w ithout and with lead time. Pow er dem and
pattern Inventory M odel.
Introduction to Just in Time (JIT) and Vendor M anaged Inventory (VM I).

' .# «|. •

S uggested Readings:

1. Sven Axsater: Inventory Control.International Series in O perations R esearch &

M anagem ent Science. Springer. 2IU| Edition. 2006.
2. G. Hadley, T. M. Whitin: A nalysis o f Inventory- Systems, D. B. T araporevala and
Sons, Published by arrangem ent with Prentice Hall Inc., 1979.
3. Zipkin: Foundations o f Inventory M anagem ent, M c-G raw Hill Inc., 2000.
4. E. N addor; Inventory System, John W iley, 1966.
5. L. A. Johnson, D. C. M ontogom ery: Operations Research in P roduction Planning,
Scheduling and Inventory Control, John W iley, 1974.
6. D onald W aters: Inventory Control. John W iley, 2003.
7. E dw ard A. Silver, David F. Pyke, Rein Peterson: Inventory M anagem ent and
Production Planning and Scliedulfng. W iley, 3rd Edition, 1998.

Course-103: Q ueueing System-I

Introduction o f Basic Concepts in Stochastic Processes. M arkov C hain and M arkov

Processes.
Q ueueing Systems. Probability Distribution o f Arrival and Service Times.

M arkovian Q ueueing Systems: M /M/1, M /M /C , Finite Source queues. Erlangian

Q ueueing System s : M/Ek/1 and Ek/M/1. Bulk Q ueueing System s. Basic Idea o f Priority
System s. Im bedded M arkov C hain Models: M /G /l, G /M /l, M /D /C .

D esign and Control Problem s in Queueing Theory.

Sim ulation Procedures: Data G eneration and Book-Keeping.

' ■ # *i. *

Suggested Readings:

1. R.B. Cooper: Introduction to Q ueueing Theory, 2nd Edition. N orth H olland, 1981.
2. L. Kleinrock: Q ueueing System s, Volum e I, John Wiley, 1975.

6
3. D. Gross, C. M.Harris: Fundam entals o f Q ueueing Theory. 3rd Edition. John W iley
and Sons Inc. Pte. Ltd.. 2002.
4. D. R. Cox. W. L. Smith: Queues. Mathuen, 1961.
5. J. M edhi: Stochastic M odels in Q ueueing Theory, Academ ic Press, 1991.
6. T. L. Satty: Elements o f Queueing Theory with Applications, Dover, N Y , 1983.
7. U. N. Bhat: An introduction to Queueing Theory: M odelling and A nalysis in
Applications (Statistics for Industry and Technology). Birkhauser Boston, 2008.
8. U. N. Prabhu: Foundations o f Queueing Theory, International Series in Operations
Research & M anagem ent Science, K luw er A cadem ic Publishers, 2nd Edition, 2002.

C our r^Statistics-1

Probability: Probability A x io m s, Conditional Probability and B ay es' Theorem .

Random Variables and theis Probability Distribution. Characteristic Function.

M ultidim ensional Rar.dom Variable: Joint, Marginal and Conditional Distributions,

Independent R a n d o m V ariables, Functions o f Several Random Variables, O rder
Statistics.

Discrete and C ontim ious Distributions.

Weak Law o f Lars^e N um bers. Central Limit Theorem.

Concepts o f R a n d o m Sam pling. Sample Characteristics. Exact Sam pling Distributions:

Chi-Square, t, F Distributions.

Parametric TPoint Estimation. Testing o f Hypotheses and Interval Estim ation: Problem o f
Point E s tim a tio n , M axim um Likelihood Estimators. Sim ple and Com posite Hypotheses,
N eym Pjn-Pearson Lemma. Likelihood Ratio Tests. Chi-Square tests, t-tests. F tests. Large
San' ip|e Tests, Construction o f Confidence Intervals.

S u g g e s t e d Readings:

1. V. K. Rohatgi, and Saleh, A.K. Md. Ehsanes: A n Introduction to Probability and

Statistics, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2006.
2. A. M. Goon, A. K. G upta, B. Dasgupta: An Outline o f Statistical T heory, Vol. I, 2nd
Edition,W orld Press Pvt. Ltd., 1987.
3. J. E. Fruend: M athem atical Statistics. 5th Edition, Eastern Econom y Edition, 1999.
4. A. M. Mood. F. A. Graybill. D. C. Boes: Introduction to the Theory o f Statistics. 3rd
Edition, M cGraw-Hill B ook Co., 1974.

7
 • #•$. •

5. E. J. Dudew icz, S. N. Mishra: M odern M athematical Statistics. John W iley & Sons.
1988.
6. D. C. M ontgom ery, G. C. Runger: Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers,
3rd Edition. W iley India Pvt. Ltd. 2003.
7. A. D. Aczel, J. Sounderpandian: Complete Business Statistics, 6lh Edition, M cG raw
Hill, 2006.

C ourse-105: C ++ & Unix

Introduction to C om puter System s. Fundamental concepts o f O perating system ,

netw orking.
I n tr o d u c tio n to U N IX : U N IX c o m m a n d s . s y s te m , s h e ll fe a tu re s . In tr o d u c tio n
to Structured P ro g ra m m in g , E lem en tary D ata Structure in C + i , -C ontrol S tru c tu re s ^
S equen ce, Selection and Repetition. Functions, A rray s & Pointers.

Introduction to O bject O riented P rogram m ing, O bject and C lasses in C t ■+. F unctions,
Structures, O perator Overloading, Inheritance, Polym orphism ; Exceptions, T em plates
and C ontainer C lasses. Files and Stream s.

Suggested Readings:
1. A fzal Am ir: U n ix U nbounded, Beginning A pproach, 5th Edition, P-entice H all,
2007.
2. B.W . K em ig h an , W . R. Pike: T he Unix Program m ing Environm ent, P; entice-H all o f
India Pvt. Ltd, 1984 (R eprint 2007).
3. G raham Glass an d K in g A bies: U nix for P rogram m ers a n d U sers, 3rd E dition,
P rentice Hall, 2003.
4. S.C. D ew hurst, K .T . Stark: P rogram m ing w ith C I i , P rentice Hall, 1995.
5. Scott M eyers: Effective C^ +, 55 Specific W ay s to Im p ro v e Y o u r Program and
D esigns, 3rd E dition, A ddison-W esley, 2005.
6. B ja m e Stroustrup: T h e C h Program m ing Language, 3rd Edition, A d d ison-W esley,
2000 .
7. Peter Norton:. Introduction to C om puters, 6th Edition, T ata M cG raw -H ill, 2005.

Course-(b): Practical based on C + + involving O R p r o b le m s

8
Semester I I : E x a m i n a t i o n 2 0 1 0 a n d o n w a r d s

C o u r s e —201: Mathematical Program ming-II

f ■0 **. t

Unconstrained and constrained optimization problems. T ypes o f extrem a and their

necessary and sufficient conditions. Convex functions and their properties. Fritz-John
optimality conditions. Karush-K uhn-Tucker optimality conditions. Q uadratic

Programming: W olfe's method. Com plem entary pivot algorithm , Duality in quadratic

programming. Integer Linear Programming: M odeling using pure and m ixed integer

programming. Branch and Bound Technique. G om ory's C utting Plane A lgorithm , 0-1

program ming problem , E-Bala’s algorithm. Separable Program m ing. D ynam ic

Programming: Additive and M ultiplicative Separable returns for objective as well as

constraints functions.

Applications' o f Integer and Quadratic Programming.

Suggested Readings:
1. M. S. Bazara, H. D. Sherali, C. M. Shetty: N onlinear Program m ing-Theory and
Algorithms. W iley, 3rd Edition. 2006.
2. A. Antoniou, W u-Sheng Lu: Practical Optimization-A Igorithm s and Engineering
Applications, Springer, 2007.
3. Hamdy A. Taha: Operations Research-An Introduction, ’Prentice Hall, 8th Edition,
2007.

4. Wayne L. W inston and M. Venkataramanan: Introduction to M athem atical

Programming: A pplications and Algorithms, 4th edition, D uxbury Press, 2002.
5. O. L. M angesarian: N onlinear Program ming, M cG raw Hill, N ew York, 1969.
Reprint: SIAM C lassics in Applied M athem atics 10, 1994,‘PhiIadelphia.
6. S. Chandra' Jayacteva< Apaltia M ehra: Numerical O ptim ization w ith Applications,
Narosa Publishing House, 2009

7. A. Ravindran, D. T. Phillips and Jam es J. Solberg: O perations Research- Principles

and Practice, John W iley & Sons, 2005.
8. G. Hadley: N onlinear and Dynamic Program ming, A ddison-W esley, 1964.

Course-202: Scheduling Techniques

Flows in networks. M axim al flow. Distribution and general m inim al cost flow problem s.
Shortest path and traveling salesman problem. Construction o f m inim al spanning tree and
its applications.

9
C apacitated transshipm ent m odel. Facility location models.

P E R T and CPM w ith activity tim es known and probabilistic. V arious types o f floats.
U pdating o f PE R T charts. Project crashing. Formulation o f C PM as a linear program m ing
problem . Resource leveling and resource scheduling.

S equencing problem . Flow shop problem and general n/m jo b -sh o p problem.

Suggested Readings:

1. L. R. Ford, D. R. Fulkerson: Flow s in N etw ork, Princeton University Press, 1962.

2. M . S. Bazara, J. J. Jarvis, H. D. Sherali: Linear Program m ing and N etw ork Flows,
W iley, 3rd Edition, 2004.
3. R. K. Ahuja, T. L. M agnanti, B. Orlin: N etw ork Flows-Theory. A lgorithm and
Applications, Prentice H all, N J. 1993.
4. P. A. Jenson, W. J. Barnes: N etw ork Flows Program m ing, John Wiley and Sons,
198a. . , ■ * + 4 , 0 '

5. S. E. Elm aghraby: Activity N etw orks, Project Planning, and Control, John W iley and
Sons, 1977.
6. M .L. Pinedo: Scheduling-T heory, Algorithms, and System s, 2nd Edition, Prentice
Hall, 2002.
7. C liff T. Ragsdale: Spreadsheet Modeling & Decision Analysis. 5th Edition, Mason,
T hom son South-W estern, 2008.
8. Ronald H. Ballou: Business Logistics / Supply Chain M anagem ent, 5th Edition,
Prentice Hall, 2004.
9. J. D. Weist, F. K. Levy: A M anagem ent G uide to PERT/ C P M . 2nd Edition, PHI,
1967 (Reprint 2007).

Course-203: M arketing M anagem ent

C oncept o f M arketing and its role in Business and Public O rganization, M arketing
D ecisions, N eed for Scientific M arketing Analysis. U ses and Limitations o f
M athem atical M odels -in M arketing. Joint optim ization o f price, quality and prom otional
effort. Purchasing under fluctuating prices. Factors affecting Pricing decision, Pricing
m ethods.
Prom otional decisions in the presence o f com petition. G am e theory m odels for
Prom otional Effort. Spatial Allocation o f Promotional Effort, M edia A llocation o f
A dvertisem ent, B rand Sw itching Analysis.
Sales Response to A dvertising in Presence o f Com petition.
C hannels o f distribution, Transportation decision, Locating c o m p a n y ’s w holesale dealers
and warehouses.

10
Suggested Readings:
1. Tony Curtis: M arketing for Engineers. Scientists and Technologists, John W iley
& Sons Inc. 2008.
2. B. B ass (ed): M athem atical Models and M ethods in M arketing. Irwin Series, 1971
3. S. M urty. G. L. Li lien. P. Kotier: M arketing M odels, Prentice Hall o f India, 1998.
4. W illiam R. King: Quantitative Analysis for M arketing M anagem ent, M cG raw
Hill Co., 1967.
5. J. M . Howard: C onsum er behaviour in M arketing Strategies, Prentice Hall, 1989.
6. D.B. M ontgom ery, G.L.Urban: M anagem ent Science in M arketing, Prentice Hall,
1979.
7. G raham J. Hooley and Michael K. Hassey: Quantitative M ethods in M arketing,
2nd Edition, International Thomson Business PressTT999.
8. G raham e R. Dow ling: The Art and Science o f M arketing- M arketing for
M arketing M anagers, Oxford University Press, 2005.
9. Gary L. Lilien. Philip Kotier. K. Sridhar M oorthy: M arketing M odels, Prentice
Hall o f India. 2003.

C ourse-204 : Reliability & M aintenance T heory

Basics o f Reliability. C lasses o f life distributions based on Notions o f Ageing.

System Reliability: Reliability o f Series, Parallel, Standby, k-out-of-n, Series-Parallel,

Parallel -Series configurations and Bridge Structure.

Reliability m odels o f non-maintained & maintained system s, Availability theory and its
modelling fo r various configurations.

Introduction, tq Renewal theory. Types o f Renewal Processes and their A sym ptotic
Properties, A pplication o f Renewal theory to O ne-U nit Repairable System s with
Different M aintenance Policies (Age, Block. Preventive & Corrective). Rew ard Renewal
Processes, M inim al Repair Replacement Policies.

Suggested Readings:

1. R. E. B arlow , F. Proschan: Statistical Theory o f Reliability and Life Testing, H olt,

Rinehert & W inston Inc., 1975.
2. John G. Rau: Optim ization and Probability in System s Engineering, V.N. R einhold
Co., 1970.
3. P. K. K apur, R. B. G arg, S. Kumar: Contributions to H ardware and Softw are
Reliability, W orld Scientific. Singapore. 1999.
4. D. R. C ox: Renewal Theory, M athew, London, 1962.
5. H. Pham : H andbook o f Reliability Engineering, Springer-V erlag London Ltd., 2003.
6. A. H oyland. M. Rausand: System Reliability T heory-M odels and Statistical Methods,
John W iley & Sons Inc. 1994.
7. D. L. Grosh: A Prim er o f Reliability Theory. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1989.
8. W ay Kuo, M in g J. Zuo: Optim al Reliability M odeling- Principles and Applications,
John W iley & Sons Inc., 2003.

C ourse-205 : Java Program m ing

In tro d u c tio n to J a v a P ro g ra m m in g . B asic S y n ta x & S tru c tu re s, A p p le ts , C on tro l

Structures, M ethods, Arrays, Strings, Object O riented Program m ing C oncepts (Objects,
C la s s e s , In h e rita n c e ), G U I C o m p o n e n t (P a n e ls an d F ra m e s), M u ltim e d ia (S o u n d ,
G raphics, Im ages and A nim ation), E rror and Exception H andling, M ultithreading and
Input/O utput S tream s.. . ... .

Software Packages for Operational Research Techniques.

Suggested R eadings:

1. H. M . D eitel, P. J. D e i te l : Java, H o w to Program , 7lh Edition, Prentice H all, 2007.

2. B ru c e E ck el: T hinking in Java, 4 Ul Edition, Prentice Hall, 2006.
3. M a ry C a m p io n e , K athy W alrath: T he Jav a Tutorial: O bject O riented J a v a Tutorial,
The: O bject-O riented Program m ing for the Internet, 2nd Edition, A ddison-W esley,
1998.
4. Y Daniel Liang: Introduction to Java Program m ing- Com prehensive V ersion, 7th
Edition, Prentice Hall, 2008.
5. W alter Savitch, Frank M. Carrano: Java- Introduction to Problem Solving and
Program m ing, 5U\E dition, Prentice Hall. 2009.

C ou rse- (b),Practical using Java and O R Softw are Packages

Sem ester III: Exam ination 2010 and onw ards

Course-301 : M athem atical Program ming-III

G eneralized convex functions and their properties. Fritz John and K arush-K uhn-T ucker

optim ality conditions. Lagrangian duality and saddle point optim ality conditions. The

concept o f Penalty functions and B arrier functions. M ethods o f feasible directions: The

m ethod o f reduced gradient, G eneralized reduced gradient m ethod. Geom etric

12
Programming. M ulti-objective linear optim ization: Efficiency and non-dom inance. The

weighted sum method. Goal programming: M odeling using goal program m ing,

Archim edian goal program m ing, Preem ptive goal programming. Lexicographic sim plex
method. Goal efficiency. Linear fractional programming: Simplex m ethod, C h a m e ’s and

Cooper m ethod.

Suggested Readings:
1. M. S. Bazara, H. D. Sherali, C. M. Shetty: N onlinear Program m ing-Theory and
Algorithms, Wiley, 3rd Edition, 2006.
2. Ronald L. Rardin: O ptim ization in Operations Research, Prentice Hall, 1998.
3. E. BajaIino,v: Li near-Fractional Program m ing-Theory, M ethods, Applications, and
Software, K luw er A cadem ic Publishers, 2003.
4. R. E. Steuer: Multiple Criteria Optimization-Theory. Com putation, and Application,
Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics-Applied, W iley, 1986.
5. 0 . L. M angesarian: N onlinear Program ming, M cG raw Hill. N ew York, 1969.
Reprint: SIAM Classic in Applied M athem atics 10, 1994. Philadelphia.
6. S. Chandra, Jayadeva, A parna Mehra: Numerical Optimization w ith Applications,
Narosa Publishing House, 2009
7. A. Ravindran, D. T. Phillips and Jam es J. Solberg: Operations Research- Principles
and Practice, John W iley & Sons, 2005.

Course - 302 : Statistics-11

Introduction to Forecasting: The Nature and Uses o f Forecasts, Explanatory versus Tim e
Series Forecasting.
' •* •«. •
Econometric Models: The Basis o f Econom etric M odelling, Dynamic Econom etric
M odels, Sim ultaneous Equation Models.

Tim e Series M ethods: D ecom position. Exponential Sm oothing M ethods.

Tim e Series Econom etrics : A n Introduction to A R IM A M odels, B ox-Jenkiir s

M ethodology. Basics o f A R C H and G A R C H Models. Non-Stationarity and Unit R oot
Test.

Suggested Readings:
1. J. Johnston: Econom etric M e th o d s , 3rd Edition, M c-G raw Hill International Editions,
1984.
2. A. Koutsoyiannis: Theory o f Econom etrics, 2nd Edition, Palgrave Publications, 2001.
3. D. C. M ontgom ery, E lisa b e th A . Peck. G. Geoffrey Vining: Introduction to Linear
regression Analysis, 3rd Edition, John W iley & Sons, 2003.
4. D. C. M ontgom ery, Cheryl I«. Jennings. M. Kulahci: Introduction to T im e Series
Analysis and Forecasting, John W iley & Sons Inc. 2008.
5. Peter J. Brockwell, Richard A. Davis: Introduction to Tim e Series A nalysis and
Forecasting. Springer International Editions. 2002.
6. S. M akridakis, Steven C. W heelw right, Rob J. Hyndman: Forecasting-M ethods and
Applications, 3rd Edition, John W iley & Sons Inc. 1998.

C ou rse-303 : Softw are Reliability

Introduction to Softw are D evelopm ent. Softw are life cycle m odels, softw are verification,
validation, and testing, Error, Failure and faults in software, C oncept o f Perfect and
Im perfect Debugging.

Introduction to Softw are Reliability, Difference betw een hardw are and software
reliability, Softw are Reliability and A vailability M odels, M arkovian m odels. N on
H om ogenous Poisson* Process ‘based m odels. Imperfect D ebugging m odels, Discrete
Softw are reliability grow th m odels.

Introduction to com m ercial-off-the-shelf (C O T S) software. O ptim ization m odels for

C O T S software.

Release tim e problem s and testing effort allocation problem.

Suggested Readings:

1. R.S. Pressm an, Softw are Engineering: A Practitioner’s A pproach, 6th Edition,
M cGraw Hill, 2005.
2. J. D. M usa, A. Iannino. K. Okum oto: Softawre Reliability (Professional Edition)
M cGraw Hill Publishing C om pany, 1990.
3. P.K. Kapur, R.B. Garg, Santosh Kum ar: Contributions to H ardw are and Softw are
ReliaJbiljty. W orld Scientific, 1999.
4. M. R. Lyu: H andbook o f Softw are Reliability. M cG raw -H ill Publishing
Com pany. 1996.
5. N. Fenton. B. Littlew ood (Editors): Softw are Reliability and M etrics. Springer-
V e rla g N e w York Ltd. 2007.
6. Hoang Pham : System Softw are Reliability, Springer Series in Relaibility
Engineering, Springer-V erlag, London, 2006.

Course-304 : D atabase M anagem ent System & V isual P rogram m ing

In tro d u c tio n to D a ta b a s e S y s te m s , D a ta M o d e ls, R e la tio n a l M o d e l, T h e E R

M e th o d o lo g y f o r L o g ic a l D e s ig n , R e la tio n a l A lg e b ra , S Q L , D e s ig n T h e o r y fo r
R e la tio n a l D a ta b a s e s .

14
O bject O rien te d D a ta b a se System s, Physical L e v e l O rganization. Q u e ry P ro c e ssin g
& O p tim iz a tio n , S e c u r ity and I n te g rity . C o n c u r r e n c y C o n t r o l a n d C r a s h
R e c o v e ry , D istrib u te d S y stem s.

Introduction to C lien t S e rv e r P ro g ra m m in g : V isual p ro g ra m m in g e n v iro n m e n t,

iconic sy stem s and d ieir specifications including syntactic and sem antic aspects.
M essages and m essage p a s sin g , P r o g r a m m in g w ith g r a p h ic d e v ic e s ,
I m p le m e n ta tio n w ith v is u a l system s. Introduction to V isual B asic.

Suggested Readings:
1. C. J. D a te : A n In tro d u c tio n to D a ta b a s e S y stem s, 8th E dition, A d d is o n W e sle y ,
2003.
2. H, F. Korth, A. Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan: D atabase System Concepts, M c G raw
Hill, 5th Edition, 2005.
f ■ • , **• • .

3. R aghu R a m a k rish n an : D atabase M a n a g e m e n t S ystem , 3 E ditio n , M c G ra w Hill,

2003.
4. B .C . D a s a i: D a ta b a se System , B P B , 1998.
5. R a m e z E lm a s ri, S h a m k a n t B. N a v a th e : F u n d a m en ta ls o f D a ta b a s e S y stem s, 4
Edition, A d d iso n W e sle y , 2003
6. D a v id I. S c h n e id e r : Introduction to P ro g ra m m in g U sing V isu a l B asic 2 0 0 8 , 7
Edition, Prentice H all, 2008.

Part - (b) Practical based on (a)

Course-305 : Any course out of the following

(i) : A course of equivalent credit offered by another department.

f • « <1 . «

(ii): Financial M anagem ent

Role o f Financial M anagem ent. Financial Analysis and Planning. W orking Capital
M anagement. Cost o f Capital. Capital Structure and Dividend Policies. Short term and
Long term Financial Planning.

Analytical Appraoch to Finance. Application o f Integer Program m ing & Goal

Program ming to W orking Capital and Capital Budgeting Problems.

Financing Decision: Problem s o f determ ining optim al capital structure, Leasing, Debt
M anagem ent, A nalysis o f com m itm ent o f funds and risk o f cash insolvency; R eceivables
and Inventory M anagem ent Approaches.

15
Suggested Readings:
1. J. C. Van Horne, J. M. W achowicz: Fundam entals o f Financial m anagem ent, l l Ih
Edition." Prentice Hall of'lndiaf, 2000.
2. E. F. B righam . L. C. G apenski. C.E. M ichael: Financial M anagem ent-T heory and
Practice, T h e Dryden Press. 1 l lh Edition. 2004.
3. M. Y. K han. P. K. Jain: Financial M anagem ent, Tata M cG raw Hill Pub. Co.. N ew
Delhi, 5lh Edition, 2008.
4. G. C om uejols, R. Tutuncu: O ptim ization M ethods in Finance, C am bridge
University Press, 2007.
5. R. Brealey, S. M gres, A. Franklin: Principle o f C orporate Finance, 9,h Edition,
M cG raw Hill, 2008.
6. J. Spronk: Interactive M ultiple Goal Program m ing: A n A pplication to Financial
Planning, M artinus N ijh o ff Publishing, 1981.

(iii) : Logistics & Supply C hain M anagem ent

' * • *, •
Introduction to the Supply Chain. Custom er driven strategies in production and
distribution system s. Integrated production and distribution netw orks. Supply chain
m anagem ent in the context o f JIT and M R P-II. Distributon R esource planning.
M anagem ent o f dealer netw orks. Total quality control and product innovation across the
supply chain. Incom ing logistics and supplier relationships. V alue addition analysis.
M etrics for m easurem ent o f supply- chain perform ance. M athem atical m odels and
com puter assisted decision support for supply chain m anagem ent. M athem atical
program m ing m odels for supply chain decisions: V endor b uyer coordination, production-
distribution coordination, inventory-distribution coordination.

Suggested R eadings:

1. M artin Christopher: Logistics and Supply C hain M anagem ent, Richard Erwin, 1994.

2. F. W. Thom as: C ustom er Driven Strategies, O liver W hite, 1992.

r - • ( •*. *

3. S. P. Bradley, A. Hax. T. L. M agnanti: A pplied M athem atical P rogram m ing, Addison

W esley, 1977.

4. W illiam A. Sandras (Jr): JIT: M aking it happen, Oliver W hite. 1989.

5. M. G. K orgaonkar: Just-in-tim e m anufacturing, M acm illan, 1992.

6. Sunil C hopra, Peter M eindl: Supply C hain M anagem ent-Strategy, Planning and
O peration, 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc.. 2007.

7. S. Tayur, R am G aneshan, M ichael M agazine, Quantitative M odels for Supply Chain

M anagem ent. K luw er A cadem ic Publishers, Boston. 1998.

16
8. G. Raghuram . N. Rangaraj [Editors]: Logistics and Supply Chain M anagem ent-
Cases and Concepts, M acm illan. N ew Delhi. 2000.

9. Journal Articles.

S e m e ste r IV : E x a m in a tio n 2011 a n d o n w a r d s

A n y three courses out o f the following

C ourse 401-403 (i) : M arketing Research

M arketing Research and its objectives; Applications o f M arketing Research: A dvertising

Research, Product Research, Sales Research, Planning the research design, Exploratory
descriptive research, experim ental research.
M ethods o f collecting data, Sam pling procedures in M arketing R esearch, Data Processing
and Analysis, A dvanced procedures o f data analysis: Factor A nalysis, Cluster Analysis
and D iscrim inant Analysis. Research on Consum er behaviour, G roup versus individual
behaviour, Innovation Diffusion M odel: Categorization o f adopters, Estim ation and
Validation o f M odels.
Introduction o f a new product. Utility m easures for product search. Break even analysis
for product evaluation. PER T and CPM in product development.

Suggested Readings:
1. P. E. Green, D. S. Tull, G. A lbum : Research for M arketing D ecisions, Prentice hall o f
India, 1999.
2. D. J. Luck and R. S. Rubin: M arketing Research, Prentice Hall o f India, 1998.
3. H. W. Boyd. R. W estfall, S. F. Starch: M arketing R esearch-Text and Cases, 7th
Edition, Richard D. Irwin Inc., 1989.
4. Vijay M^hzyan, Robart A. Peterson: M odels for Innovation D iffusion and Related
Research Papers. S A G E Publication. 1990.
5. David A. Aaker, V. K um ara, G eorge S. Day: M arketing Research, 9lh Edition, John
Wiley & Sons Inc. 2007.
6. Scott M. Smith, Gerald S. Albaum : Fundam entals o f M arketing Research, SA G E
Publications Inc., 2005.
7. Carl M cD aniel, R oger Gates: M arketing Research Essentials, John W iley & Sons
Inc. 2007.

C ou rse-401-403 (ii): Inventory M anagem ent-II

Dynamic Inventory M odels : Probabilistic Reorder Point Inventory M odels w ithout and
with Lead Tim e. Tw o bin (S.s) Inventory Policy. Distribution Free A nalysis. M inim ax

17
Solution o f Inventory M odels. W arehousing Problems. Capacity Expansion. Periodic and
C ontinuous Review M odels, ‘Inventory M anagem ent o f Items with Deterioration.
Inventory M anagem ent o f Items with inflation.
M aterial Requirem ent Planning: Dependent D em and, Bill o f M aterials. D eterm ining net
Requirem ent. Tim e Phased O rder Point.
M aterial M anagem ent: Value Analysis. Store Control, Purchasing Function, Codification
and Standardization.
Suggested Readings:
1. K. J. Arrow, Karlins, H. Scarff: Studies in the M athem atical theory o f Inventory and
Production, Stanford U niversity Press, 1958.
2. G. Hadley, T. M. W hitin: A nalysis o f Inventory System s, D.B. T araporevala and
Sons, Published by arrangem ent with Prentice Hall Inc.. 1979.
3. G. W. Ploss: Production and Inventory C ontrol-Principle and T eaching, 2nd Edition,
Prentice Hall, 1985.
' ' • # # * 1. •

4. E. Naddor: Inventory System s, John W iley. 1966.

5. C. C. Sherbrooke: Optim al Inventory M odelling o f System , M uller Echelon
Techniques. Springer, 2nd Edition, 2004.
6. L. B. Schwarz: M ultilevel Production Inventory Control System - Theory and
Practice, N orth Holland Publishing Co.. N e w York, 1981.
7. E. Porteus: Foundation o f Stochastic Inventory Theory, Stanford B usiness Books,
2002 .

C ou rse-401-403 (iii): Q ueueing System -II

Probability D istribution o f Phase Type, Quasi Birth and Death Processes, G/PH /I
Q ueueing M odels and their A lgorithm ic Solutions.

Com binatorial M ethod.and Its A pplications in Q ueueing T heory.

Introduction to Q ueueing N etw ork M odels. Open and Closed Q ueueing N etw orks,
Com putational M ethods, A lgorithm s for C om puting N orm alizing C onstant for Closed
N etw ork, D erivation o f Perform ance M easures. M ulti-C lass N etw orks and their Solutions
(B C M P Networks).

Q ueueing N etw orks with Blocking. D ifferent Num erical M ethods for their Solutions,
Tw o Nodes Open N etw ork with Blocking.

Suggested Readings:

1. H. Chen, David D. Yao: Fundam entals o f Q ueueing N etw orks- P erform ance,
Asym ptotics and O ptim ization, Springer-V eilag, 2001.

18
2. J. Medhi: Stochastic Models*!ii Q ueueing Theory. Academ ic Press Inc.. 2nd Edition,
2003.
3. M. F. Neuts: Matrix Geom etric Solutions in Stochastic M odels. John Hopkins,
University Press London, 1981.
4. L. Takacs: Com binatorial Methods in the Theory o f Stochastic Processes, John
Wiley. N ew York, 1967.
5. S. Balsomo. N.P. V ittoria De, R. Onvural: Analysis o f Q ueueing netw orks w ith
Blocking, Kluwer A cadem ic Publishers, 2001.
6. T. G. Robertazzi: C om puter Networks and system s- Q ueueing T heory and
Performance Evaluation, 3rd Edition. 2000.
7. H. Kobayashi, Brian L. Mark: System M odelling and Analysis- Foundations o f
System Perform ance Evaluation, Prentice-Hall, 2008.
8. H. G. P erro n Q ueueing networks with Blocking, Oxford U niversity Press, 1994.

Course-401-403 ( i v ) : M ulticriteria Decision M odels

M ulti-objective linear optim ization: Lexicographic optim ality, Interactive procedures.

M ulti-objective nonlinear optimization: efficient and properly efficient solutions, Karush-

Kuhn-Tucker optim ality conditions. Vehicle routing problem . B ottleneck assignm ent

problem. M ulti-objective fractional program ming. Data E nvelopm ent Analysis: C ham es,

Cooper and Rhodes (C C R ) model. Banker, Charnes and C ooper (B C C ) model. Analytic

Hierarchy Process: R anking and w eighting information using Eigen V ector M ethod

(EVM ) and A pproxim ation M ethods.

Suggested Readings:

1. R. E. Steuer: M ultiple Criteria O ptim ization-Theory, C om putation, and A pplication,

Wiley Series in Probability and M athematical Statistics-A pplied, W iley. 1986.
2. M. Ehrgott: M ulticriteria Optimization, Springer, Second Edition. 2005.
3. Ronald L. Rardin: O ptim ization in Operations Research, Prentice Hall. 1998.
4. W. W. Cooper, L. M. Seiford, K. Tone: Data Envelopm ent A nalysis: A
C om prehensive T e x t with M odels, Applications, R eferences and D E A -Solver
Software. Springer, 2007.
5. Hamdy A. Taha: O perations Research-An Introduction, Prentice Hall, 8th Edition,
2007.
6. K. Miettinen: N o nlinear M ultiobiective Optimization, K luw er A cadem ic Publishers,
1999.

19
7. K. Deb: M ulti-objective Optimization using Evolutionary A lgorithm s, W iley, 2001.
8. T.L. Saaty: Fundam entals o f the Analytic Hierarchy Process. R W S Publications,
Pittsburgh, PA, 2000.

C ourse-401-403 ( v ) : D yn am ic O ptim ization

N on-sequential and sequential discrete optim ization. Existence and uniqueness theorem .

D im ensionality reduction m ethod. Stochastic dynam ic program ming.

Introduction to calculus o f variations. Fundam ental problems. W eak and strong extrem a.

N ecessary and, sufficient conditions. Fundam entals o f optim al control. M athem atical

riradels o f continuous—and discrete time optim al control problem s. N ecessary and

sufficient conditions for optim ality. Optim al control problem s applied in m arketing,

inventory system s and financial investment. Stochastic optimal control.

S u g g e ste d R e a d in g s:

1. A. Seierstad, K. Sydsaeter: Optimal Control Theory w ith Econom ic A pplications,

N orth Holland, 1987.
2. D. Kirk: Optim al Control Theory- An Introduction, Prentice Hall. 1970.
3. G. Hadley: N onlinear and D ynam ic Program m ing, A ddison-W esley. 1964.
4. A. K aufm ann, R. Croun: D ynam ic Program m ing, A cadem ic Press, 1967.

5. C. R. M accluer: C alculus ' b f Variations-M echanics, Control Theory, and O ther

Applications, Pearson Prentice Hall. 2005.

6. Suresh P. Sethi, Gerald L. Thom pson: Optimal Control Theory-A pplications to

M anagem ent Science and Econom ics, Springer. 2000.
7. A. C. Chiang: Elem ents o f Dynam ic O ptim ization, M cG raw -H ill. 1992.
8. L. S. Pontryagin: M athem atical Theory o f O ptimal Processes, V olum e Four, G ordon
and Breach Science Publishers S. A.. 1986.

C ourse-401-403 (vi): Decision T h e o r y

M odeling o f Decision Problems.

D ecision A nalysis under Strict Uncertainty: Preference O rderings, The M axim in Rule,
The M inim ax Regret Rule* T he-O ptim isnvPessim ism Rule. T he Principle o f Insufficient
R easoning.

20
Decision Analysis under Risk-Probability: Decision Analysis without Sam pling, Decision
Analysis with Sampling.

Decision Analysis under Risk Utility: St. Petersburg Paradox. C onstruction o f Utility
Functions, Risk Attitudes.

Decision Trees and Sequential Decision Making

Suggested Readings:
1. M. D. Resnik: Choices- An Introduction to Decision Theory, U niversity o f M innesota
Press, 1987.
2. M. Ham burg: Statistical Analysis for Decision M aking. H arcourt. Brace & W orld
Inc., 1970.
3. J. W . Pratt, H. Raiffa, R. Schlaifer: Introduction to Statistical Decision T heory, The
M IT Press. 1995.
4. J. Morgan Jones: Introduction to Decision theory, First Edition. Richard D. Irwing
Publishing, 1977.

Course-401-403 (vii) : Portfolio M anagem ent

Portfolio optim ization and asset allocation. Risk/return concepts and m easurem ents.

Diversification and portfolio risk. M ean-variance efficient frontiers. Efficient portfolios

with short sales and w ithout short sales. M arkow itz portfolio selection m odel. M ean-

absolute deviation m odel. Capital m arket theory. Capital assets pricing m odel. A rbitrage

pricing theory. Index models. Performance evaluation measures. V alue at risk (VaR).

Conditional Value at risk (CVaR).

Suggested Readings:
1. C. M arrison: The Fundam entals o f Risk M easurement, M cG raw Hill, 2002.
2. F. K. Reilly, Keith C. Brown: Investm ent A nalysis and Portfolio M anagem ent, South-
W estern Publishers, 2002.
3. M. B artholom ew -B iggs: N onlinear Optim ization with Financial A pplications, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 2005.
4. H. M. M arkow itz: M ean-Variance Analysis in Portfolio C hoice and Capital M arkets,
N ew York, Blackwell, 1987.
5. W. F. Sharpe: Portfolio Theory and Capital M arkets, M cG raw Hill. 1970.
6. Richard C. Grinold, Ronald N. Kahn: Active Portfolio M anagem ent-A Q uantitative
Approach for Producing Superior Returns and C ontrolling Risk, M cG raw Hill, 2000.

21
7. Zvi Bodie, Alex Kane. Alan ). Marcus: Investments. Eight Edition, M cG raw Hill,
2009.
8. J. C. Hull: Options. Futures and O ther Derivative Securities. 5th Edition, Prentice
Hall, 2002.

Course-401-403 (viii) : Q uality M anagem ent

O verview o f quality, histoiy o f quality, com petitive advantage, industrial perspective,

total quality system, Taguchi “ Loss Function’’ concept.
; ■• ( *1. i

M eaning and significance o f statistical process control (S PC )-construction o f control

charts for variables and attributes. Acceptance sampling plans. Process capability-
m eaningr-significance--and- m easurem ent-Six—sigm a concepts o f process capability.
D M A IC and D M A D V .

Pareto Analysis, Ishikaw a (C ause/Effect) Diagram s, Failure M odes and Effects Analysis,
Program for Quality Im proving.

Introduction to ISO 9000- quality m anagem ent system s-guidelines for perform ance
im provem ents. Quality Audits.

Introduction to Total Quality M anagem ent (TQM ).

Suggested Readings:
f * *l. *

1. J.R. Evans. W.M. Lindsay: The M anagem ent and Control o f Quality, W est
Publishing Com pany, 1996.
2. Kaoru Ishikawa: Introduction to Quality Control. Chapm an and Hall, 1992.
3. D ale H. Besterfield et al, Total Quality M anagem ent, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education,
2004.
4. Shridhara Bhat K: Total Q uality M anagem ent- Text and Cases, First Edition,
H im alaya Publishing House, 2002.
5. A m itava Mitra: Fundam entals o f Quality Control and Im provem ent. 2nd Edition,
Prentice-Hall Inc., 1998
6. W illiam J. Kolarii: C reating quality. M cG raw Hill, 1995.
7. P oornim a M .Charantim ath: Total quality m anagem ent, Pearson Education, 2003.
8. Indian standard quality m anagem ent system s - G uidelines for perform ance
im provem ent. Bureau o f IndVan standards. N ew Delhi.

22
 C o u r se - 4 0 1 -4 0 3 (ix) :D ala W a r e h o u s i n g and Data M i n i n g

Overview o f Data W arehouse. Online Analytical Processing (O LA P). Introduction to

Data Mining, The K now ledge in Databases (KDD) process, Lim itation o f traditional
query tools. Association rules. Classification. Clustering. Regression, Patterns, Time
series. M easuring predictive performance. Efficiency, Data preparation, D ata Reduction,
Mathematical Solutions,
■•
Statistical
•I, #
M ethods. Distance Solutions. Decision Trees,
Decision Rules, Neural N etw orks. Genetic Algorithms. Text m ining. Text categorization.
Mining W eb Logs.

Suggested R ead in g s:

1. U. M. Fayaad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro. P. Sm yth, R. U thurusam y: A d v a n c e s„in

Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. MIT Press, 1996.
2. M. J. A. Berry, G. Linoff: Data M ining Techniques for M arketing- Sales and
Costum er Support, John W iley, 1997.
3. A. Berson. J. S. Stephen: D ata W arehousing, Data M ining and O L A P, M cG raw Hill,
1997.

4. P. Adriaans, D. Zantinge: Data Mining. Addison W esley, 1996.

5. Tan Pang-Ning, M ichael Stein bach. Vipin Kumar: Introduction to D ata M ining,
Addison W esley. 2005'.

C ourse-401-403 (x): A C ourse o f equivalent credit offered by another departm ent.

C o u rse 404 -405 : P r o je c t W o r k