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2.4 Comparison with Traditional ABM: Ramping Up the Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: Bold, English
(United Kingdom), Check spelling and grammar
Data Rate...................................................................................... 7
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2.5 Comparison with Using FTP for ABM ...................................... 8 spelling and grammar
2.6 TWAMP Measurement Protocol ................................................ 9 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: Bold, Check
spelling and grammar
2.1 Overview of ABM Solution for 4G Mobile Networks ............... 3 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: Bold, English
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2.2 Measurement Procedure ............................................................ 3
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2.3 Adapting ABM to Network Configuration and UE spelling and grammar
Capabilities .................................................................................. 5 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: Bold, Check
2.4 Comparison with Traditional ABM: Ramping Up the spelling and grammar
Data Rate...................................................................................... 7 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: Bold, Check
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2.5 Comparison with Using FTP for ABM ...................................... 8
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2.6 TWAMP Measurement Protocol ................................................ 9 spelling and grammar
1.1 Background
Mobile networks are in the process of becoming the world’s leading
medium for data traffic. As ever faster data rates are offered by mobile
network technologies, the use of real-time applications such as media
streaming in such networks is becoming increasingly commonplace.
Now, as is well known, mobile network performance depends crucially on
the radio environment, which is subject to very rapid fluctuations. For
example, Rayleigh fading conditions change on a millisecond basis, as do
scheduling and cross-traffic (such as data from other users). Nonetheless,
mobile network operators are expected to be able to maintain uniform
bandwidth availability to all customers who are paying for a given service
level (or class, or experience). Accomplishing this requires metrics and
measurement tools designed specifically for the wireless environment.
As such measurements are performed in live commercial networks with
paying subscribers, it is important to prevent the measurements from
affecting the subscribers’ quality of experience. InfoVista’s patent-pending
approach to Available Bandwidth Measurements (ABM), trademarked as
Blixt™, solves this problem by keeping the level of test and measurement
intrusiveness to an absolute minimum. ABM identifies the throughput that
can be delivered over the measured wireless link at a given place and at a
given point in time.
1
UE capabilities are not taken into account in current TEMS product ABM implementations.
bandwidth
Available bandwidth
time
One TTI
Figure 2 Distribution of one ABM data burst across TTIs. The bandwidth allocated to
other users is not represented in this figure; furthermore, optimal radio
conditions are assumed. The point illustrated here is that at the beginning
and end of the burst, the ABM transmission is not competing for the whole
of a TTI.
GPRS 10 17 68* 7
* The level of intrusiveness is inevitably much higher in these cases (and would be high
even if just a single packet were sent) because the data transfer is so slow.
The ABM packet train properties (packet size and interval) are selected to Formatted: Space Before: 18 pt
suit the particular radio bearer configuration. Consequently, different ABM
setups will typically be used for different networks/operators. Likewise, as a
testing session proceeds, the ABM setup will frequently vary over time as
the UE moves between cells, or to another carrier, or switches to a different
Figure 5 Comparison of approaches to ABM. The black line curve indicates the true Formatted: Figure1, Space After: 0 pt
available bandwidth as a function of time. The red bars represent TEMS ABM data
bursts. Near-maximum bandwidth is attained for the second first ABM data burst. The
blue area represents ABM performed by means of an FTP data transfer (1 s segment).
The average throughput over one second is substantially below the maximum
throughput reached. 1 second time
There is, in
bandwidth asfact, an additional
a function and
of time. The redgrave shortcoming
bars represent TEMStoABM
using FTP
data withNear-
bursts.
maximum
currently bandwidth is attained
available UEs: forproven
it has the second first ABMduring
impossible data burst.
LTE The blue area
network
ABM performed by means of an FTP data transfer (1 s segment). The average
testing to reach bit rates higher than about 60 Mbit/s (one-second average)
throughput over one second is substantially below the maximum throughput reached.
even in perfect radio conditions and with no other users present. The
bottleneck here is the UE processor, whose performance is hampered by
the tasks imposed on it by the UE operating system (running applications,
background processes, etc.). Since the packet trains used in TEMS’s ABM
approach minimize the load on the UE processor, measuring and reporting
on the network’s full bandwidth is now possible.
3 Examples
The picture below shows a live test with two devices, one running TEMS
ABM (red line for downlink, green for uplink) and the other one running FTP
download (blue line). Both devices are in the same cell, using HSPA with
unknown. As can be seen, the available bandwidth correlates very well
between the two devices.
5 Conclusions
The current implementation of the TEMS ABM method clearly
demonstrates its advantages over existing methods such as FTP
download. InfoVista’s approach to ABM has proven to be a good and
flexible solution for current, as well as future, products in the wireless
network test and measurement area.
6 References
IETF RFC 5357: http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5357.txt