إلكترونيات القدرة

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
٢٤٢
 ‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

?  ‫א‬  ?  ? ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
powe electronics combine power, electronics and control. control deals with the steady state and
dynamic characteristics of closed loop systems. power deals with the static and rotating power
equipment for the generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy, electronics deals
with the solid state devices and circuits for signal processing to meet the desired control objectives
   ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
the applications of solid state electronics for the control and conversion of electric power
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،       ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬   
   ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬     
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،UPS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬   ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  
  K      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٦W‫א‬‫א‬

 KW‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Semiconductors Used in Power Electronic Circuits

 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٩٤٨   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬     ١٩٥٨  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K١٩٥٦  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Types of Power Electronic Circuits ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،١J ١،?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 
W‫א‬
- Diode rectifiers (uncontrolled rectifiers)
- ac-dc converters (controlled rectifiers)
- ac-ac converters (ac voltage controllers)
- dc-dc converters (dc choppers)
- dc-ac converters (inverters)
Power Power Output to

source converter the load

 ‫א‬١J ١

-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 (uncontrolled rectifier)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬١J ١J ١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
 K٢J ١‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
Fixed dc voltage
Fixed ac voltage Uncontrolled rectifier
 ‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١
(Controlled rectifier)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬٢J ١J ١
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ،  ٣J ١  
‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Fixed ac voltage Variable dc voltage

Controlled rectifier
 ‫א‬
‫א‬

 ٣J ١
(ac voltage controller)‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١J ١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٤J ١‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
Fixed ac voltage Ac voltage controller Variable ac voltage

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١
(dc chopper)‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١J ١
‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬     ‫א‬       ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ٥J ١   ،‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬

Fixed dc voltage Variable dc voltage

Dc chopper
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬٥J ١
(Inverter)‫א‬٥J ١J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K٦J ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KUPS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
Variable ac voltage
Fixed dc voltage Inverter
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬٦J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
design of power circuits  W‫א‬‫א‬K
protection of power devices  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
determination of control strategy  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
design of logic and gating circuits  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Power Semiconductor Devices ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 Power diode ‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
، P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Freewheeling)‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،٧J ١
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،E٧J ١ F ‫א‬  E F
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K (Forward bias)

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬K ١{٢‫א‬‫א‬
     K(Reverse bias) ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، (leakage current)‫א‬
‫א‬ EVBRF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٧J ١،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬٧J ١
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ٨J ١  
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     –  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨J ١‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬
 K(VAK)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(IA)
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 General purpose diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 Fast recovery diode ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 Schottky diode ‫א‬J ٣
-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨J ١
 General purpose diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ١
١  F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ٢٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬
K ٣٠٠ ١٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩J ١
 K


 EPowerexF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩J ١
-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 Fast recovery diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ١

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬– (recombination)‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KP,N ‫א‬J ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ٥          ‫א‬  ‫א‬
J ١KE F‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬١٠


 EPowerexF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠J ١
Schottky diode ‫א‬٣J ٣J ١
‫א‬P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬،P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KP-N
  (voltage blocking)‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،٣٠٠     ، ٢٠٠
 K٣٠‫א‬١١J ١K‫א‬
-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

KEF٣٠‫א‬١١J ١
Thyristor and its types ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١
‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
K  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Thyristor construction and operation‫א‬١J ٤J ١
 pnpn‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K١٢J ١،J١,J٢, J٣(Junctions)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢J ١K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 EFEF
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٢J ١
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬J١,J٣‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
(Reverse bias) ‫א‬J٢‫א‬،(Forward bias)
‫א‬K(Leakage current)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٣J ١،(Forward blocking)‫א‬
 ‫א‬   J٢ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬   
‫א‬K‫א‬  J١,J٣‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، (Reverse blocking)
 K‫א‬١٣J ١
‫א‬ VAK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Forward conducting) ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K١٣J ١


 ‫א‬١٣J ١
Thyristor characteristics ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ١
 (IA) ‫א‬‫א‬ (VAK) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ١٤J ١   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

VBo‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬K IBo‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KIH (holding current)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،١٤J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 IL ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       K (Latching current)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬١٤J ١
 Thyristor firing ‫א‬٣J ٤J ١
،IL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WK
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ J
          ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٥J ١،Heat sink‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ W‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Light activated silicon controlled rectifier LASCR)K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Leakage current)
 K،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W(dv/dt)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
  ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٠٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(dv/dt)‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬ P٢‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬    
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

Heat sink١٥J ١
 Thyristor turn-offE‫א‬F‫א‬٤J ٤J ١
‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  K‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬  IH‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬   K   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٦J ١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،E١٦J ١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬ dv/dt
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬    WE‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬J
  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 S ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ١٦J ١ ‫א‬  K‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Line commutated)‫א‬

 ‫א‬١٦J ١
Thyristor protection‫א‬٥J ٤J ١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،dv/dt ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
          ‫א‬   K 
 RC ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٧J ١   K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R١‫א‬
dv/dt ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬    R٢ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ dv/dt‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٧J ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬dv/dt‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧J ١
- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
          ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 EF     di/dt ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K١٨J ١،‫א‬‫א‬


 di/dt‫א‬١٨J ١
Thyristor types ‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٤J ١
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬F
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١- Phase controlled thyristor(SCR)
٢- Fast switching thyristor (SCR)
٣- Gate-turn-off thyristor (GTO)
٤-Bidirectional triode thyristor (TRIAC)
٥-Light activated silicon-controlled rectifier (LASCR)
- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠J ١K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩J ١
 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬١٩J ١


 EPowerexF٢٠J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K
 Power Transistor‫א‬‫א‬ ٥J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 (Bipolar Junction Transistor) BJT ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
(Metal–oxide-semiconductor filed effect transistor) MOSFET
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣
 (Insulated Gate Bipolar Junction Transistor) IGBT

 BJT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥J ١
(emitter)‫א‬ (collector)‫א‬ (base)‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٢١J ١F(PNP) ‫א‬ (NPN)،
، (saturation)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
        ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ BJT‫א‬
،IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
   ،  E‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ١٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١J ١K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥J ١
‫א‬ (Transconductance) MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ،     ‫א‬ (majority carrier) 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
(drain)  (source)  ،‫א‬   KE١٠٠ ١F ‫א‬‫א‬ E ١٠٠ ٢٠F
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(gate) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢J ١K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KMOSFET‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١J ١

- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٢J ١


 IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٥J ١
‫א‬     BJT ‫א‬  ‫א‬ IGBT ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K MOSFET
  MOSFET  ‫א‬ BJTKBJT
  K  ١٠٠٠   ١٦٠٠    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٤٠
 ‫א‬ ٢٣J ١   K(gate) ‫א‬ (emitter)  (collector) ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K IGBT‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

 IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٣J ١



- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬J ٥
K‫א‬،IGBT
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
‫؟‬ J ٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
K‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٠
 IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١١
what are power electronics? 

what are the various types of thyristors?
what are the steps involved in designing power electronics equipment?
what is a line commutation?
what is a forced commutation?
what are the conditions for a thyristor to conduct?
what are the types of power electronics circuits?
how can a conducting thyristor be turned off?
line commutatd thy., are turned off forced commutated thyristors are
due to the sinusoidal nature of the turned off by an extra circuit called
input voltage (commutation circuitry
- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

 K٤W‫א‬‫א‬

 KW‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W،‫א‬ J ١
 K،،W،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬، E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١
Single-phase rectifier circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢
،   ‫א‬ W ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K   ‫א‬
‫א‬K(Bridge rectifier)‫א‬(Centre-tap rectifier)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
The single-phase half-wave rectifier‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(dc component)
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٢

    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬   ‫א‬    
 KEF

 ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢
- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 vs = Vm sin ωt ٢ ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣π٢π،π٠‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
V sin ωtv
i = s = m ٢ ٢
L R R
‫א‬‫א‬vs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١J ٢ (V L)
‫א‬‫א‬E٤π٣π، ٢π π‫א‬F vs ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬      ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬١J ٢KE١J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ، (VAK)‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
v =v −v ٢ ٣
AK s L
 ‫א‬     ،  vAK ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   
    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K(Peak Inverse Voltage)PIV
  ‫א‬ Kac    dc    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬EVdc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Fdc
1 π
V = V sin ωt d (ωt ) ٢ ٤
dc 2π ∫ m
0
V
V = m ٢ ٥
dc π
 W‫א‬‫א‬IL dc ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V V
I = dc = m ٢ ٦
L dc R πR
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Pdc) ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
P =V I ٢ ٧
dc dc dc
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
π
Vrms = 1 ∫ (V sin ωt ) 2 dωt
2π 0 m
V 2 π (1 − cos 2ωt )
 Vrms = m ∫ dω t
2π 0 2
V2 ⎛
π
sin 2ωt ⎞
Vrms = m ⎜⎜ωt − ⎟
4π ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 0
V
Vrms = m ٢ ٨
2
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V V
I rms = rms = m ٢ ٩
R 2R
(Pac) ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Pac = Vrms I rms ٢ ١٠
  Vdc      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،(ripple)     Vac   
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
2 −V 2
 Vac = Vrms ٢ ١١
dc
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ (η)‫א‬‫א‬
P
η = dc ٢ ١٢
P
ac
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،FF‫א‬
 W‫א‬
- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
V
FF = rms ٢ ١٣
V
dc
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(RF)‫א‬‫א‬
V
RF = ac
V
dc
2
V 2 −V 2 ⎛V ⎞
RF = rms dc = ⎜ rms ⎟ − 1 = FF 2 − 1 ٢ ١٤
V ⎜V ⎟
dc ⎝ dc ⎠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Transformer utilization factor)‫א‬‫א‬
 TUF ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
P
TUF = dc ٢ ١٥
V I
s s
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Is،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vs
 ٢٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬  ١J ٢
،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬  ١٠‫א‬ ٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
Vp=٢٢٠ N١/N٢=٥ R=١٠Ω ‫א‬
V
p Vs
=
N N
1 2
V N
p 2 220 *1
Vs = = = 44 V
N 5
1
Vm = 2Vs = 2 * 44 = 62.23 V
V 62.23
V = m = = 19.8 V
dc π π
V 19.8
I = dc = = 1.98 A
dc R 10
- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
V 62.23
Vrms = m = = 31.12 V
2 2
V 31.12
I rms = rms = = 3.112 A
R 10
P = V I = 19.8 *1.98 = 39.204 W
dc dc dc
Pac = Vrms I rms = 31.12 * 3.112 = 96.845 W
P 39.204
η = dc = = 0.405 = 40.5%
P 96.845
ac
V 31.12
FF = rms = = 1.57 or 157%
V 19.8
dc
RF = FF 2 − 1 = 1.57 2 − 1 = 1.21 or 121%
PIV= Vm=٦٢{٢٣ V
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Is ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ١J ٢   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KIrms‫א‬
P 39.204
TUF = dc = = 0.286
V I 44 * 3.112
s s
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١/TUF=١L٠{٢٨٦=٣{٤٩٦  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{٤٩٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ٢
Single-phase full-wave center-tap rectifier 
  K‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ٢J ٢  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،Vs‫א‬‫א‬ D١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢Vs‫א‬‫א‬ D٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

،‫א‬ ‫א‬ D١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D٢‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬٢J ٢
- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬Vdc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1π
V = ∫ V sin ωt d (ωt ) ٢ ١٦
dc π m
0
2V
V = m ٢ ١٧
dc π
 W‫א‬‫א‬IL dc ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V 2V
I = dc = m ٢ ١٨
L dc R πR
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
π
Vrms = 1 ∫ (V sin ωt ) 2 dωt
π0 m
V 2 π (1 − cos 2ωt )
 Vrms = m ∫ dω t
π 0 2
V2 ⎛ sin 2ωt ⎞ π
Vrms = m ⎜⎜ωt − ⎟
2π ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 0
V
Vrms = m ٢ ١٩
2
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V V
I rms = rms = m ٢ ٢٠
R 2R
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧J ٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ PIV‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   
K‫א‬٢٠J ٢١٦J ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١J ٢
 Single-phase full-wave bridge rectifier 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣J ٢K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٠‫א‬F Vs‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D١‫א‬‫א‬Eπ
KVs D٣,D٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ D٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D٣‫א‬‫א‬E٢ππ‫א‬FVs‫א‬
D١,D٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ D٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D٣
 KVs
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

١٠‫א‬ ٤٤‫א‬ ‫א‬،٣J ٢‫א‬‫א‬  ٢J ٢
     ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ،‫ א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Vs=٤٤ R=١٠Ω ‫א‬
Vm = 2Vs = 2 * 44 = 62.23 V
2V 2 * 62.23
V = m= = 39.6 V
dc π π
V 39.6
I = dc = = 3.96 A
dc R 10
V 62.23
Vrms = m = = 44 V
2 2
V 44
I rms = rms = = 4 .4 A
R 10
P = V I = 39.6 * 3.96 = 156.816 W
dc dc dc
- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

٣J ٢
- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
Pac = Vrms I rms = 44 * 4.4 = 193.6 W

P 156.816
η = dc = = 0.81 = 81%
P 193.6
ac
V 44
FF = rms = = 1.11 or 111%
V 39.6
dc
RF = FF 2 − 1 = 1.112 − 1 = 0.48 or 48%
PIV= Vm=٦٢{٢٣ V
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  (ripple) 
‫א‬ (filters)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬    K(dc filter) ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K٤J ٢      LC     C   L   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ (ac filter) 
 KLC٥J ٢K‫א‬‫א‬


 dc filters ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢
- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

ac filters ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦J ٢K 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

  ‫א‬٦J ٢
- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vm
Vdc = Vm − ٢ ٢١
4 fRC
f
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ f
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KCf‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
  RF = ٢ ٢٢
2 (4 fRC − 1)
f
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٢J ٢‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E١٧J ٢ ‫א‬F ٠{٦٣٦٦Vm  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬١٥
‫א‬ W  J ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ٧J ٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  a‫א‬ ٥π/٦ π/٦ ‫א‬ Da‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ b‫א‬ Db‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ c‫א‬ Dc‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K (٢π/٣)١٢٠‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
1 5π 6
= V sin ωt dωt
dc 2π / 3 ∫ m
V
π 6
 Vdc = 3 3 Vm ٢ ٢٣
2π
- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨J ٢K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،D١D٢, D٢D٣, D٣D٤, D٤D٥, D٥D٦ and D٦D١ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 2π 3
= V sin ωt dωt
dc π / 3 ∫ m
V
π 3
3 3
V = Vm ٢ ٢٤
dc π
- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٢

 ٤J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F UPS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬‫א‬ ٩J ٢
Vs‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬ .β‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬
 Wβ
- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
V sin α = E ٢ ٢٥
m
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
α = sin − 1
E
٢ ٢٦
V
m
‫א‬β‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬Vs‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
β =π −α ٢ ٢٧
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
v −E V sin ωt − E
 i = s = m for α p ωt p β ٢ ٢٨
L R R
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ٢٨J ٢ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ iL ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
1 β Vm sin ωt − E 1 β
I = ∫ d (ωt ) = − V cos ωt − E (ωt )
dc 2π R 2πR m α
α

 I
dc
=
1
(
2V cosα + 2 Eα − πE
2πR m
) ٢ ٢٩
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ١٠٠ ١٢‫א‬‫א‬ ٩J ٢   ٣J ٢

‫א‬ J  W‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،١W٢  ‫א‬   ١٢٠ ‫א‬   ٥ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫–א‬‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E=١٢ V Vp=١٢٠ V Idc=٥ A N١:N٢=٢W١
Vs=Vp/٢=١٢٠L٢=٦٠V
Vm=√٢ Vs=√٢*٦٠=٨٤{٨٥ V
12
α = sin − 1 = sin − 1
E
= 0.1419 rad or 8.13o
V 84.85
m
β = π − α = 180 − 8.13 = 171.87 o
- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
o o o
δ=β-α=١٧١٫٨٧ -٨٫١٣ =١٦٣٫٧٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬Idc‫א‬
I
dc
=
1
2πR m
(
2V cosα + 2 Eα − πE )
 W٥‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬
R=
2πI
1
(
2V cosα + 2 Eα − πE =
m
1 ⎛
2π * 5 ⎝
)
⎜ 2 * 84.85 * cos 8.13 + 2 * 12 * 0.1419 − π * 12 ⎞⎟
o
⎠
dc
R = 4.26Ω
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2
1 β ⎛⎜ Vm sin ωt − E ⎞⎟
I = ∫ d (ωt )
rms 2π α ⎜ R ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎡⎛ V 2 ⎞ V2 ⎤
1 ⎢⎜ m 2 ⎟ ⎥
= ⎢⎜ + E ⎟(π − 2α ) + m sin 2α − 4V E cosα ⎥
2πR 2 ⎢⎜ 2 ⎟ 2 m
⎥⎦
⎣⎝ ⎠
I = 8 .2 A
rms
 W‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PR=Irms٢R=٨{٢٢*٤{٢٦=٢٨٦{٤ W
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pdc=EIdc=١٢*٥=٦٠W
W‫א‬
hPdc=١٠٠ or h=١٠٠/Pdc=١٠٠L٦٠= ١{٦٦٧h
W‫א‬‫א‬η‫א‬‫א‬
P 60
η= dc = = 17.32%
P +P 60 + 286.4
dc R
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PIV=Vm+E=٨٤{٨٥H١٢=٩٦{٨٥ V
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪١٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬٩J ٢
- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
– ‫א‬  J ‫א‬ – ‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١١
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،Vo, iL, Vs, VAK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬،٢J ٢‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٣

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ١٢ ‫א‬   ١W٥
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ٣٨٠‫א‬‫א‬،٧J ٢‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،١٠‫א‬ ١W١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨

 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٦W‫א‬‫א‬

KEFW‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Controlled Rectifiers ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   

،?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
  ‫א‬
W‫א‬
“Half Wave Converter” 
“Semi-converter”
“Full Wave Converter” 
“Dual Converter”‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Single Phase Half Wave Converter ‫א‬ ١-٣
‫א‬ ١J ١J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE١J ٣F‫א‬EF 
“A”  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“K”  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“α”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫“ ﻓ ﺈن א‬ωt=π”‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
- ٤٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬“K”‫א‬“A”‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
E٢J ٣F
‫א‬E١J ٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ٣F
‫א‬‫א‬“Vo”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:‫“ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬٠ ٢π”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 π V
Vo = ∫ Vm sin(ωt )d (ωt ) = m (1 + cosα ) ٣-١
2π α 2π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٣ ١)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .“α”‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١J ٣F 
١٠‫א‬
 ‫א‬
W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬
E٢J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬J
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156 volt
Vm
Vo = (1 + cosα ) = 46.816(1 + cos 45) = 79.92 volt
2π
V
I o = o = 7.92 amp.
R
٦A‫א‬‫א‬J
Vo = I o R = 6 × 10 = 60 volt
 α‫א‬‫א‬Vo(٣ ١) ‫א‬
α= ٧٣٫٦٤o
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬J
K
Vm
Vo max = (1 + cosα ) = 46.816(1 + cos 0) = 93.63 volt
2π
- ٤٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Vo max
I o max = = 9.36 amp.
R
‫א‬ ٢J ١J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
E٣J ٣FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
E٤J ٣F،‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
"D" ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬" "
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“Vo” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬“٠ ٢π”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 β V
Vo = ∫ Vm sin(ωt )d (ωt ) = m (cosα − cos β ) ٣-٢
2π α 2π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬“β”
 K(٣ ١)

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
- ٤٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬E٣J ٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٣F
Single-Phase Semi-Converter ‫א‬٢J ٣

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ (D١, D٢)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Q١,Q٢)‫א‬،E٥J ٣F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “D”‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ “α”‫א‬ “Q١”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬“D١”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“D”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “π+α>ωt>π”‫א‬K“ωt=π”
‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 “Q١”‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ “π+α”‫א‬ “Q٢”‫א‬“٢π>ωt>π+α”‫א‬
“ωt=٢π”‫א‬‫א‬“D٢”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 “Q٢” ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 “Q١”‫א‬‫א‬ “٢π+α>ωt>٢π”‫א‬
KE٦J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٥J ٢F
‫א‬‫א‬ “Vo” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W“٠-π”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1π Vm
sin(ωt )d (ωt ) = (1 + cosα )
π α∫
Vo = V ٣-٣
m
π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،“α”‫א‬‫א‬
One ”‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K“quadrant
- ٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ٣F
- ٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
E٢J ٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬١٥
W‫א‬٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬
‫א‬J
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156 volt
Vm
Vo = (1 + cosα ) = 93 ⋅ 633(1 + cos 60) = 140.4495 volt
π
Vo
Io = = 9.3633 amp.
R
K١٥٠ V‫א‬(٣ ٣)‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J

α= ٥٢٫٩٨٧o
K‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vm
Vo max = (1 + cosα ) = 93.633(1 + cos 0) = 187.266 volt
π
Single- Phase Full -Wave Converter ‫א‬ ٣J ٣


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٧J ٣FK(Q١,Q٢,Q٣,Q٤)
K
،‫א‬“Q٢”،“Q١”
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬J ‫א‬J “α”‫א‬
“Q١, Q٢”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Q١, Q٢”‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬πωt
 “π+α”‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J “Q٤” ‫א‬ “Q٣” ‫א‬
 “Q٢”‫א‬“Q١”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K“٢π+α”‫א‬
KE٨J ٣F
‫א‬E٧J ٣F
‫א‬‫א‬ “Vo” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٤J ٣F،“α-(π+α)”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،“α”‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩٠‫א‬‫א‬
K“Two quadrant”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 π +α 2Vm
Vo =
π ∫ Vm sin(ωt )d (ωt ) = cosα
α π
٣-٤
- ٥٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨J ٣F
- ٥٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
WE٣J ٣F
١٢‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
KPs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬
K‫א‬J
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156 volt
2Vm
Vo = (cosα ) = 187.266(cos 60) = 93.633 volt
π
Vo
Io = = 7 .8 amp.
R
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
Ps= PL =VoIo=٧٣٠٫٥٩٤
watt
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠o‫א‬‫א‬-
 K(٣ ٤) ‫א‬
2Vm
Vo = (cosα ) = 187.266(cos120) = −93.633 volt
π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= VoIo= -٧٣٠٫٥٩٤ watt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤J ٣
Single -Phase Dual Converter
،E٩J ٢F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Q١, Q٢, Q٣, Q٤” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2Vm
Va1 = (cosα ) ٣-٥
π a1
- ٥٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Q١’, Q٢’, Q٣’, Q٤’” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

2Vm
Va 2 = (cosα ) ٣-٦
π a2

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩J ٣F
Three- Phase Half- Wave Converter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥J ٣

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬“Q١,Q٢,Q٣”‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Q١‫א‬KE١٠J ٣F
‫א‬Van‫א‬
 (ωt=π/٦ + α)،(ωt>π/٦)
Q١(ωt=٥π/٦ + α)Q٢‫א‬
(ωt=٣π/٢ Q٣‫א‬‫א‬Vbn‫א‬
‫א‬Vcn‫א‬
 Q٢+ α)
KE١١J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E١٠J ٣F

‫א‬‫אא‬‫א‬E١١J ٣F
- ٥٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

،(٥π/٦ + α)(π/٦ + α)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٧J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
5π
α+
3 6
3 3Vm
Vo = ∫πV sin(ωt ) d (ωt ) = cosα ٣-٧
2π 2π
m
α+
6
W E٤J ٣F
١٠‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬
K‫א‬،٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬
K٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
208 2
Vm = = 169.83 volt
3
3 3Vm
Vo = (cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos 30) = 121.633 volt
2π
Vo
Io = = 12.166 amp.
R
K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
3 3Vm
Vo = (cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos 60) = 70.2245 volt
2π
K١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
3 3Vm
Vo = (cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos120) = −70.2245 volt
2π
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
- ٥٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
3 3Vm
Vo = (cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos 0) = 140.449 volt
2π
Three- Phase Semi-converter  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J ٣F‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬،“One quadrant” 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٨J ٣F
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + cosα ) ٣-٨
2π

‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J ٣F
W E٥J ٣F
١٠‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K١٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
- ٦٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬
K٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
208 2
Vm = = 169.83 volt
3
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos 45) = 239.76 volt
2π
Vo
Io = = 23.976 amp.
R
K٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos 75) = 176.8 volt
2π
K١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos135) = 41.136 volt
2π
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos 0) = 280.898 volt
2π
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦E
Vo = I o R = 6(10) = 60 volt
K‫א‬‫א‬٦٠‫א‬‫א‬E٨J ٣F‫א‬
α= ٥٢٫٩٨٧o
Three- Phase Full- Converter  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٧J ٣
E١٣J ٣F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٩J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،“Two quadrant”
3 3Vm
Vo = cosα ٣-٩
π
- ٦١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٣J ٣F
:E٦J ٣F 
١٠‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
W‫א‬K٢٠٨‫א‬
K٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
KPs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬
K٤٠‫א‬‫א‬J
208 2
Vm = = 169.83 volt
3
3 3Vm
Vo = (cosα ) = 280.898(cos 40) = 215.18 volt
π
Vo
Io = = 21.518 amp.
R
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
Ps= PL =VoIo= ٤٦٣٠٫٢٥ watt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٣٥o‫א‬‫א‬J
K(٣ ٩)‫א‬
- ٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
3 3Vm
Vo = (cosα ) = 280.898(cos135) = −198.625 volt
π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= VoIo= -٣٩٤٥٫١٨٩ watt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨J ٣
Three- Phase Dual -Converter
،E١٤J ٣F
  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤J ٣F
  ٩J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥J ٣FK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
- ٦٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮم‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١٥J ٣F 



- ٦٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WE٧J ٣F
‫א‬،٢{٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬K٦٠ ٢٢٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬KL١٥٠٠
 KL٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K,٢‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٤٢‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
Va = Ea + I a Ra
Ea = K ω
T = K Ia
P 2πn
T= ω=
ω 60
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2Vm
Va = cosα
π
Vm = 220 2 = 311.13 volt
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
2πn 2π * 1500
ω= = = 157.1 rad / sec
60 60
P 2.5 * 746
T= = = 11.87 N .m
ω 157.1
T 11.87
K = = = 1.187
Ia 10
E a = K ω = 1.187 * 157.1 = 186.6 volt
Va = E a + I a Ra = 186.6 + 10 * 0.2 = 188.6 volt
V π 188.6 * π
cosα = a = = 0.8946
2Vm 2 * 311.13
α = 26.5o
- ٦٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WL٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬J
2π * 500
Ea1 = K ω1 = 1.187 * = 62.15 volt
60
Va1 = Ea1 + I a Ra = 62.15 + 10 * 0.2 = 64.15 volt
V π 64.15 * π
cosα 1 = a1 = = 0.3238
2Vm 2 * 311.13
α 1 = 71.1o
- ٦٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   K٢
‫؟‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩
٢٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K١٠
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬J
- ٦٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬K١١
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣٠
‫א‬،٣‫א‬K١٢
‫א‬‫א‬١٢‫א‬‫א‬K٦٠ ٢٢٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬KL١٥٠٠
 KL٨٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬J
K,٢‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٤W‫א‬‫א‬

KEFW‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
- ٦٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Theory of Operation ‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٤
‫א‬E١J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ton‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ( )
‫א‬Toff ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،E٢J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬،
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1T on
T
Vo = ∫ Vs dt = on Vs = kVs ٤-١
T 0 T
W
‫א‬ Vs
‫א‬ Ton
‫א‬ Toff
‫א‬‫ א‬T
‫א‬ Vo
‫א‬ k
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vo V
Io = =k s ٤-٢
R R
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
⎡1 T 2 ⎤2 on
T ٤-٣
Vrms = ⎢ ∫ Vs dt ⎥ = on Vs = kVs
⎣T 0 ⎦ T
‫א‬“Ps”‫א‬‫א‬ “Po” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،(on)‫א‬‫א‬
W
2 2 2
1T on
1 T vson
T V V
Ps = Po = ∫
T 0
v i
s o
dt = ∫
T 0 R
dt = on s = k s
T R R
٤-٤
K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
S
Io
Vs Vo R

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١J ٤F

‫א‬‫א‬ E٢J ٤F

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢٥٠٠ Hz٥٠٠ Hz‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
IGBT ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،KKKKKKGTOMOSFET

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٤FE١J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧١ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
1T on
1Ton
T
Vo = ∫
T 0
v o
dt = ∫
T 0
(Vs − Vd )dt = on (Vs − Vd ) = k (Vs − Vd )
T
٤-٥
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vd
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
⎡1 Ton
⎤ T 2
٤-٦
Vrms = ⎢ ∫ (Vs − Vd ) 2 dt ⎥ = on (Vs − Vd ) = k (Vs − Vd )
⎣T 0 ⎦ T
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 Ton
1 V (V − Vd )
Ton
T V (V − Vd ) V (V − Vd )
Ps = ∫
T 0
vs io dt = ∫ s s
T 0 R
dt = on s s
T R
=k s s
R
٤-٧
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1T on
1 T (Vs − Vd ) 2
on
Ton (Vs − Vd ) 2 (Vs − Vd ) 2
Po = ∫ vo io dt = ∫ dt = =k ٤-٨
T 0 T 0 R T R R
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(T) ‫א‬‫א‬(Ton)‫א‬،(PWM)‫א‬-

 (Ton) ‫א‬‫א‬(T) ‫א‬،(FM)‫א‬J
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، (SCR)‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬،(BJT)‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،(MOSFET)‫א‬W
 ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
- ٧٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(MOSFET)‫א‬J 
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Step Down DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ٤
، ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٣J ٤FK‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٤F
 ،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(On)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Off) ‫א‬ ‫א‬،(Q)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Q)
K‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٤F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٤F
- ٧٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٤F
W١J ٤
١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٪٦٠‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٠٠‫א‬
 :‫א‬K٢‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
- ٧٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
R=١٥ Ω, Vs= ٣٠٠, k=٠{٦, f=١ kHz,
‫א‬‫א‬E
1
T= = ٠{٠٠١ sec.
f
‫א‬E
Ton = kT = ٠{٦(٠{٠٠١) =٠{٠٠٠٦ sec.
‫א‬E
Toff = (1 − k )T = ٠{٤(٠{٠٠١) =٠{٠٠٠٤sec.
‫א‬‫א‬E
Vo = kVs = ٠{٦(٣٠٠ ٢) = ١٧٨{٨ volt
‫א‬‫א‬E
Vo = kVs = ٢٣٠{٨٣volt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
(Vs − Vd ) 2
Po = k = ٣٥٥٢{١٦watt
R
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
Vs (Vs − Vd )
Ps = k = ٣٥٧٦ watt
R
‫א‬E
Po
η= = ٩٩{٣٣%
Ps
- ٧٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
Step- Up DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣J ٤

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥J ٤F
(L)‫א‬‫א‬(On)
  ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬(Off)‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
∆I
vo = Vs ٤-٩
1− k
W
‫א‬ Vs
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫∆ א‬I
‫א‬ k
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬vo
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٤ ٩)‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥J ٤F
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٠٠‫א‬١٥
:‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤

 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤W‫א‬‫א‬

KEFW‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
AC Voltage Controllers ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EF‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Theory Of Operation ‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١J ٥F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، Q١, Q٢
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٥F
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
On-Off Control‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ١J ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬Q١, Q٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢J ٥F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬“Vs”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬“m”‫א‬‫א‬“n”‫א‬
2
⎡ 2π
⎤
2Vs sin 2 ωtd (ωt )⎥ = Vs
n n
=⎢ ∫ = kVs
2
Vorms ٥-١
⎣ 2π (n + m ) 0 ⎦ n + m
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ k 
n
k= ٥-٢
n+m

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ٥F
WE١J ٥F
١٢٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠
W‫א‬‫א‬،٧٥٢٥‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
 K‫א‬J
- ٨٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬J
K‫א‬J
‫א‬
‫א‬J
n
k=
n + m = ٠٫٢٥
‫א‬‫א‬J
Vorms = Vs k = ٦٣٫٥ volt
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
Vorms
I orms = = ٦٫٣٥ amp.
R
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
Po = I orms R = ٤٠٣٫٢٢٥
2
watt
‫א‬‫א‬J
VA = V s I s = ٨٠٦٫٤٥ watt
‫א‬J
Po
PF = = k = ٠٫٥ volt
VA
‫א‬J
Vm
Im = =
R ١٩٫٩٦ amp.
- ٨١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
Phase Angle Control ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ١J ٥

Q١, Q٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE٣J ٥F‫א‬
K“Vs”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤J ٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Q٢،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D١Q١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬D٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥
Single Phase Controller with inductive load
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٥J ٥FK
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W
١٨٠“φ” ‫א‬‫א‬“α”‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
φ ≤ α ≤ π
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“α”‫א‬“Q١”‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬“Q١”‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“Q١”‫א‬K‫א‬“Q١”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“Q٢”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“π+α”‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٦J ٥F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٥F

E φ ≤ α ≤ π F‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ٥F
- ٨٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
“φ” ‫א‬‫א‬“α”‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
φ >α
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
π+φ‫א‬“Q٢”‫א‬π+φ ‫א‬“Q١”‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢π+φ
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
KE٧J ٥F‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧J ٥F
٣J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
- ٨٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٣J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨J ٥F
،E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨J ٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ٣J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩J ٥F
“Tr”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬“Ta”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“Tr” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“Tr-Ta”‫א‬
‫א‬“Tr” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“Tr-Ta”
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩J ٥F
- ٨٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠K٧

 ‫א‬، mn‫א‬‫א‬، ٦٠١٢٧
W‫א‬،٦‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
n, m‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬J
K‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩
     ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤W‫א‬‫א‬

KEFW‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Inverters‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (PWM) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
(Filter)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(UPS)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Theory of Operation ‫א‬١J ٦

‫א‬E١J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
(D١, D٢)‫א‬‫א‬(Q١, Q٢)‫א‬
،‫א‬Q١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q١KVs‫א‬
‫א‬Q٢،(T/٢)‫א‬‫א‬EVsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(-Vs)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q٢‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٢J ٦F
 ‫א‬‫א‬،(T/٢)‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬D٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Q١EF‫א‬
D١ ‫א‬،Q٢‫א‬  ‫א‬
KQ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬E١J ٦F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ٦F
- ٩٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Single- Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬٢J ٦

‫א‬EKKKK‫א‬F ‫א‬ 
Q١, Q٢،E٣J ٦F
‫א‬‫א‬ EJ ٢VsF‫א‬Q٣, Q٤KE٢VsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Q٣, Q٤ D١, D٢KE٤J ٦F
‫א‬D٣, D٤،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KQ١, Q٢

‫א‬E٣J ٦F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٦F
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Three- Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬٣J ٦

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٥J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٨٠o١٨٠o‫א‬‫א‬
KE٦J ٦F

 ‫א‬E٥J ٦F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ٦F
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9K٦
    K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬L،L،‫א‬L،‫א‬ J ١
 ١٩٨٤،‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬  L ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬J ٢
٢٠٠٠،J ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣. An Introduction to Power Electronics, B. M. Bird, K. G. King, and D. A. G. Pedder,
John Wiley & Sons, ١٩٩٣.
٤. Modern power Electronics, B. K. Bose, IEEE Press Publication, ١٩٩٢.
٥. Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications, M. H. Rashid, Prentice Hall,
١٩٩٤.
٦. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design, N. Mohan, T. M.
Undeland and W. T. Robbins, Jon Wiley & Sons, ١٩٩٤
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 ‫א‬ ٢٤٢ ‫א‬
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 ٣٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤J ٢
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 ٤٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 ٤٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١J ٣
 ٤٦KKKKKKK‫א‬ ١J ١J ٣
 ٤٩KKKKKKKKK‫א‬ ٢J ١J ٣
 ٥٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٢J ٣
 ٥٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٣J ٣
 ٥٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣
 ٥٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣
 ٦٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٣
 ٦١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٣
 ٦٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٣
 ٦٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٩J ٣
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 ٧٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤
 
 ٧٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤
 ٧٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٤
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‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٧٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬K٥
 ٧٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥
 ٨٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٥
 ٨٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ٥
 ٨٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥
 ٨٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣J ٥
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Power Power Output to

Fixed ac voltage Variable dc voltage

Fixed ac voltage Ac voltage controller Variable ac voltage

Fixed dc voltage Variable dc voltage

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K (Forward bias)

 Fast recovery diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ١

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ K‫א‬  IH‫א‬ 

what are power electronics? 

 Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٢

Pac = Vrms I rms = 44 * 4.4 = 193.6 W

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ١٠٠ ١٢‫א‬‫א‬ ٩J ٢   ٣J ٢

‫א‬ ١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬،٢J ٢‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٣

Controlled Rectifiers ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Single-Phase Semi-Converter ‫א‬٢J ٣

K١٥٠ V‫א‬(٣ ٣)‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J

Single- Phase Full -Wave Converter ‫א‬ ٣J ٣

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Q١’, Q٢’, Q٣’, Q٤’” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Three- Phase Half- Wave Converter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥J ٣

Step- Up DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣J ٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥J ٤F

AC Voltage Controllers ‫א‬‫א‬

Phase Angle Control ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ١J ٥

Theory of Operation ‫א‬١J ٦

Single- Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬٢J ٦

Three- Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬٣J ٦

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