Shipboard Energy Efficiency and

Innovation

Prof. Mustafa İnsel

HİDROTEKNİK
İ İ Nautical
i l Design
i Technologies
h l i Ltd
d
12/5/2017
Content

• Background on Energy Efficiency Requirements

• Options for fuel saving, CO2 emission reduction
• Technology, Development and Innovation
• Real life case studies : Validation- Sea Trials
• Conclusions

2
Most Common Picture on Global Warming

3
 Shipborne Air Pollution Reduction Climate Change

• Reduction of NOx in air emissions by engine technology, alt-fuels

• Reduction of SOx in air emissions by fuel type, scrubbers,alt-fuels
• Reduction of CO2 emission through Energy Efficiency

4
Green Ship Concept

• What is Green Ship ?

• How to design/retrofit ?

• How to evaluate the options ?

• Verification ?

5
Emissions and Regulations

• NOx

• SOx

• CO2
Shipping effect on Climate change

3.2 TON

1 TON

7
Targets on Shipboard Energy Efficiency for New Ships

Current Proposals are to reduce the CO2 emissions

50 % by 2030/2050

8
 EEDI encourages Innovation ?

EEDI Equation – Key Components:

Innovative Energy Innovative Energy
Main Aux.
saving tech. for saving tech. for
engine(s) engine(s) auxiliary power main power

 M  nME   M nPTI neff

   neff 
 ∏ f j   PME (i ) ⋅ C FME (i ) ⋅ SFCME (i )  + (PAE ⋅ C FAE ⋅ SFC AE ) +  ∏ f j ⋅  PPTI(i) −  f eff(i) ⋅PAEeff(i)  ⋅ C FAE ⋅ SFC AE  −   f eff (i ) ⋅ Peff (i ) ⋅ C FME ⋅ SFCME 
   
 j =1  i =1   j =1 i =1 i =1    i =1 
f i ⋅ Capacity ⋅ Vref ⋅ fW

9
IMO Energy Efficiency Regime for Ships in Service

10
How to Achieve?

• New Hull Form Design with the State of the Art

– Fine tuned for the real operational profile, i.e. load sensitive fully/partially loaded, ballast
• Optimum Propulsion System Selection
– Real operational speed and weather data
– New type of propellers
• Retrofit
– Collection of real data
– Retrofit options evaluation (propellers, ducts, PIDs etc)
– Insulation, Exhaust Gas Economisers
– Electricity generation and consumers (Shaft Gen, Pumps/motors etc)
• Operational Measures
– Hull/propeller cleaning & painting
– Trim optimization
– Route optimization
– Weather routing
– Speed optimization (rpm, pitch)
– Fuel switching
– Voyage optimization (Logistics, Port, JIA, etc)
• Awareness, Measurement, Organization

11
Regulations

• IMO-MARPOL Annex VI (MEPC 62, July 2011)

• Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), new ships GT>400 GT
(2013)
• The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) existing
ships
p
• European Monitoring Reporting Verification (EU-MRV)
• IMO Monitoring Reporting Verification (IMO-MRV)
(IMO MRV)

12
Ship Resistance

Form resistance
• Hull form optimization by CFD
– Panel Codes
– RANS.
RANS

13
Ship Resistance

Form resistance
• Hull form optimization by CFD
– Panel Codes Loaded
– RANS.
RANS
Ballast

Loaded

Ballast

14
Ship Resistance

Form resistance
• Hull form optimization by CFD
– Panel Codes
– RANS.
RANS
Viscous resistance
g
• Roughness dragg - Paints
• Paint and surface patterns

15
Ship Resistance

Form resistance
• Hull form optimization by CFD
– Panel Codes
– RANS.
RANS
Viscous resistance
g
• Roughness dragg
• Paint and surface patterns
• Air lubrication

16
Ship Resistance

Form resistance
• Hull form optimization by CFD
– Panel Codes
– RANS.
RANS
Viscous resistance
g
• Roughness dragg
• Paint and surface patterns
• Air lubrication

17
Ship Resistance

Form resistance
• Hull form optimization by CFD
– Panel Codes
– RANS.
RANS
Viscous resistance
g
• Roughness dragg
• Paint and surface patterns
• Air lubrication
• Spray resistance

18
Ship Resistance

Form resistance
• Hull form optimization by CFD
– Panel Codes
– RANS.
RANS
Viscous resistance
g
• Roughness dragg
• Paint and surface patterns
• Air lubrication
• Spray resistance
Additional resistance Components
• Resistance increase in waves
• Air resistance

19
Ship Resistance

Form resistance
• Hull form optimization by CFD
– Panel Codes
– RANS.
RANS
Viscous resistance
g
• Roughness dragg
• Paint and surface patterns
• Air lubrication
• Spray resistance
Additional resistance Components
• Resistance increase in waves
• Air resistance
• Appendage drag

20
Ship Propulsion

Propulsion Systems

• High performance propellers

• Propeller paints

21
Ship Propulsion

Propulsion Systems

• High performance propellers

• Propeller paints
• Propulsion
p optimization
p
• Duct-fin and boundary layer
devices

22
Energy Saving/Production Systems

• Renewable
bl Energy
– Solar Energy (Photovoltaic)
– Wind Energy

23
Energy Saving/Production Systems

• Renewable
bl Energy
– Solar Energy (Photovoltaic)
– Wind Energy
– Fuel Cells
• Dynamic Energy Simulations
• Energy storage/co-generate:
– Mechanical
– Electro-chemicall
– Thermal

24
Energy Saving/Production Systems

• Renewable
bl Energy
– Solar Energy (Photovoltaic)
– Wind Energy
– Fuel Cells
• Dynamic Energy Simulations
• Energy storage/co-generate:
– Mechanical
– Electro-chemicall
– Thermal
• Alternative fules

25
Operational Measures

• Trim-Draught
h Optimization

26
Operational Measures

• Trim-Draught
h Optimization
• Hull Cleaning/Drydocking

Speed

Days after drydock

27
Operational Measures

• Trim-Draught
h Optimization
• Hull Cleaning/Drydocking
• Speed Optimization
• Voyage Planning
• Weather Routing

28
Operational Measures

• Trim-Draughth Optimization
• Hull Cleaning/Drydocking
• Speed Optimization
• Voyage Planning
• Weather Routing
• Just-in-time and virtual arrival
• Cold ironing
• E i lload
Engine d management
• DG management & Shaft Gen.

29
Innovation
Examples in Turkey
How to measure and problems

• Noon reports
– Irresponsive to change of conditions (speed, environmental conditions
etc)
• Sea Trials
– Limited data for real operating
p g conditions
• Monitoring and learning through experience
– Lack of real reasons (hence correlation) based on final data
• First principles
– Requires extensive calculations for different conditions

32
Shaft power measurement as full scale measurement tool

PS = 2πQn
PS: Shaft power

Q Q Shaft torque moment

Q:
n: Shaft rate of revolution

2000

1800

1600

1400

S h aft P o w er (kW )
1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ship speed (knots)

33
Speed Trials

14000

12000
Ship Total Shaft Power (kW)

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Ship Speed (knots)

34
Sea Trial vs Tank Testing

Towing Tank Ballast Prediction Towing Tank Full Load Prediction Sea trial 2006

19000

17000

15000

13000

11000

9000

7000

5000
18 18.5 19 19.5 20 20.5 21 21.5 22 22.5 23

35
Shaft power measurement : Effect of Paint

Conventional propeller Advanced propeller

18000
16000
14000
12000

W)
Power (kW
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Ship Speed (knot)

36
Effect of Propeller rpm (CPP reduced to 105 rpm from 120 rpm)

Original Reduced rpm

18000

16000

14000

12000
Power (kW)

10000

8000

6000
Slow steaming speed
4000

2000

0
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Ship Speed (knot) Original design speed

37
Effect of Propeller

Conventional propeller Advanced propeller

18000

16000

14000

12000
Power (kW)

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Ship Speed (knot)

38
Test of an advanced propeller

Sea Trial 2016 Towing Tank Full Load Prediction corrected by Sea trial 2006 CFD Advanced Propeller

21000

19000

17000

15000

13000

11000

9000

7000

5000
18 18.5 19 19.5 20 20.5 21 21.5 22 22.5 23

39
Actual Voyage Data

40
Real Conditions

Shaft power in voyage Shaft power in calm water Shaft power in voyage corrected for the wind effects

12000

11000
wer (kW)

10000
Shiip shaft pow

9000

8000

7000

6000
18 18.5 19 19.5 20 20.5 21
Ship speed (knots)

41
Decision Support System of Hidroteknik

42
Conclusions

• It is technically very difficult to achieve the targets

• Innovative ideas exists, but requires further development to
realize
li hhence additional
dditi l fi
finance/cost
/ t
• Claims by commercial vendors are not usually right
• Measurement
M off effectiveness
ff i iis open to uncertainty
i
• An evaluation platform is clearly needed
• A database
d b off reall success solutions
l should
h ld bbe established
bl h d

43
 Thank You

Prof. Dr. Mustafa İnsel minsel@hidro-teknik.net

44