Introduction OCW

Aerospace Structures
Authors: Enrique Barbero Pozuelo, José Fernández Sáez, Carlos Santiuste Romero
INDEX
Introduction
INDEX
• Introduction
• Previous knowledge
• Objectives
• Description of contents
• Bibliography
STRESS TENSORS
Introduction
Introduction
Solids
Mechanics
Damage Elasticity Fracture

Mechanics Mechanics
Strength of
Materials
Author: Dtom
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wing_with_one_spar.JPG?uselang=es
Structural Analysis
Introduction
Author: Kolossos
Thin-walled beams
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fuselage-747.jpg?uselang=es
Wings
Stress analysis of
aircraft components
NASA
Modified
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wing_structures.svg
Fuselage
Bibi95
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exposition_-
_Les_100_ans_de_l%27a%C3%A9rospatiale_-_Paris_-
_4_Octobre_2008_(2913799759).jpg
Fuselage of a Boeing 747

Thin plates
Introduction
Wing structure
Composite Structures
90%
NH90
MILITARY AIRCRAFT
80%
HELICOPTER TIGER
CIVIL AIRCRAFT
70%
% Structural weight
60%
A350XWB
787
50%
EC135 v22 EUROFIGHTER

F-35
40%
A400M
B-2 F-22
30%
GRIPEN RAFALE A380
F-22
ATR-72
F/A-18E
20%
A340-600
A320 A330
777
10% A310 F/A-18C
A300-600 MD11
757 737-300
767 747-400
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Introduction
Hypotheses
 Deformable body
Solid Mechanics  Newton’s Mechanics applicable
 Thermodynamics laws applicable
 Linear elastic behaviour: The Hooke’s law is assumed the

constitutive equation of the material.
 Homogeneous and isotropic material: identical mechanical

properties in every material point and identical mechanical
properties in every material direction.
Elasticity
 Quasi-static loads: Loads acting on the structural element slowly
applied, in such a way that the inertial effects can be neglected.
 Saint-Venant´s principle: the value of the internal forces in

material points located far enough from the zone corresponding to
the loads application is independent of the force system
distribution (if they are mechanically equivalent).
STRESS TENSORS
Previous knowledge
Previous knowledge
Matrix Algebra  Resultant forces

 Center of mass
Vector calculus  Moment of inertia
 Equilibrium of rigid bodies
Mechanic
 Algebraic and differential
operations with vectors and
scalars
...
Elasticity
 Concept of stress and strain
Strength of Materials  Constitutive equations
 Calculus of internal forces
 Stresses in cross-sections
 Displacement in beams...
STRESS TENSORS
Objetives and skills
Objetives and skills
 Knowledge of the basic tools for the calculation of thin-walled beams, that provide
to the student the ability to design structural components of the aerospace industry.
 Acquisition of the technological knowledge needed to calculate bidimensional

structural elements used in aerospace structures.
 Knowledge of the basics of the design of structures made of composite materials,

including composite laminates and sandwich structures, which are widely used in
aerospace industry.
 Ability to use specific software to analyse, design and calculation of structural

elements, developing a critical awareness.
STRESS TENSORS
Description of contents
PROGRAMME
Chapter 1. Description of aeronautical structures

1.1 Aircraft load
1.2 Structural component of the aircraft
1.3 Structures in the aeronautical sector
Chapter 2. Bending, shear and torsion of thin-walled beams

2.1 Bending and shear of open and closed, thin-walled beams
2.2. Torsion on single-cell thin-walled beams
2.3. Torsion on multiple-cell thin-walled beams
PROGRAMME
Chapter 3. Thin plate theory

3.1. Bending of thin plates (I)
3.2 Bending of thin plates (II)
3.2. Shell
Chapter 4. Composite and sandwich structures

4.1. Laminate theory
4.2. Composite beams
4.3. Sandwich structures
STRESS TENSORS
Bibliography
References
 Aircraft Structures for engineering students

H.G. Megson
Elsevier
 Airframe Structural Design

M.C.Y. Niu
Hong Kong Conmilit Press LTD
 Theory of plates and shells

S.P.. Timoshenko,
McGraw Hill
 Stresses in beams, plates, and shells

A.C. Ugural,
Taylor & Francis
 The Behavior of thin walled structures: beams, plates, and shells

J.R. Vinson,.
Kluwer Academic Publishers
References
 Introduction to composite material design

Ever J Barbero.
Taylor and Francis
 Composite Airframe Structures. Practical design information and

data
M. C. Y. Niu
Conmilit Press LTD. 1992
Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Engineering
http://www.uc3m.es/mmcyte

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Aerospace Structures

Damage Elasticity Fracture

Fuselage of a Boeing 747

EC135 v22 EUROFIGHTER

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

 Linear elastic behaviour: The Hooke’s law is assumed the

 Homogeneous and isotropic material: identical mechanical

 Saint-Venant´s principle: the value of the internal forces in

Matrix Algebra  Resultant forces

Objetives and skills

 Acquisition of the technological knowledge needed to calculate bidimensional

 Knowledge of the basics of the design of structures made of composite materials,

 Ability to use specific software to analyse, design and calculation of structural

Chapter 1. Description of aeronautical structures

Chapter 2. Bending, shear and torsion of thin-walled beams

Chapter 3. Thin plate theory

Chapter 4. Composite and sandwich structures

 Aircraft Structures for engineering students

 Airframe Structural Design

 Theory of plates and shells

 Stresses in beams, plates, and shells

 The Behavior of thin walled structures: beams, plates, and shells

 Introduction to composite material design

 Composite Airframe Structures. Practical design information and

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