HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT

Microsoft Access II
Pennsylvania Deer Problem

Background Information
The Pennsylvania Game Commission is a state agency charged
with managing wildlife resources throughout the
Commonwealth. An integral part of this job is managing the
population of deer to provide hunting opportunities for
Pennsylvania’s outdoorsmen.

To help with management, the Game Commission has divided Pennsylvania into a
series of Wildlife Management Units (WMUs), which are areas that share a similar
locale and geographic characteristics. The WMUs serve as the basis for the Game
Commission’s efforts to provide a sustainable deer population.

Problem Statement
In this project, students will explore data released by the Pennsylvania Game
Commission from 2004 to 2007 concerning the deer harvest for each Wildlife
Management Unit. By analyzing this data, trends within the various Units can be
investigated.

Project Instructions
NOTE: This project requires a version of Microsoft Office 2007 that provides support
for importing XML files.

IMPORTANT: Complete the below steps in the order they are given. Completing the
steps out of order may complicate the project or result in an incorrect result.

1. Download the following files onto your computer:

a. counties.xml – List of counties in each WMU.
Table: Counties
Field Name Type Description
WMU Text Part of composite key. Wildlife Management Unit, a region of
Pennsylvania for game management purposes.
County Text Part of composite key. Name of a county within the listed
WMU.

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b. harvest.xml – Data on annual deer harvests and license sales for each
Wildlife Management Unit.
Table: Harvest
Field Name
HarvestYear
WMU
FirearmAntleredHarvest
FirearmAntlerlessHarvest
ArcheryAntleredHarvest
ArcheryAntlerlessHarvest
MuzzleloaderAntleredHarvest
MuzzleloaderAntlerlessHarvest
AntlerlessLicenses
Pennsylvania Deer Problem
Type Description
Number Part of composite key. Year the
hunting season began.
Text Part of composite key. Wildlife
Management Unit.
Number Total bucks harvested with a gun (non-
muzzleloader), for this WMU and year.
Number Total does harvested with a gun (non-
muzzleloader), for this WMU and year.
Number Total bucks harvested with a bow, for
this WMU and year.
Number Total does harvested with a bow, for
this WMU and year.
Number Total bucks harvested with a
muzzleloader, for this WMU and year.
Number Total does harvested with a
muzzleloader, for this WMU and year.
Number Number of licenses allocated for
hunting does (antlerless deer).

2. Begin by creating a new Microsoft Access database named

lastname_firstname_pdp.accdb .
3. Import the structure and data of the tables from harvest.xml and
counties.xml into your new database.
4. We need to create a new table to store information about the Wildlife
Management Units for which we have data.
a. Create a table named WMU with the below fields and characteristics. Use
appropriate field types and designate a good primary key.
Table: WMU
Field Name Description
WMU Wildlife Management Unit.
Region Name of region in which WMU is located.
SampleSize The number of samples used to create the Regeneration Rate
statistic.
RegenerationRate A statistic which defines how well the forests in the WMU re-
grows. Format as a percentage-type number with no decimal
places.
Health Health rating for this WMU (Good, Satisfactory, Poor, or N/A).

Allow the user to select the health rating from a list.

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Pennsylvania Deer Problem
b. Enter records for all Wildlife Management Units below.

HINT: The WMU table will contain 22 records.

WMU Region Sample Size Regeneration Rate Health
1A Northwest 60 62% Satisfactory
1B Northwest 73 47% Poor
2A Southwest 62 58% Satisfactory
2B Pittsburgh Metro 35 69% Satisfactory
2C Southwest 138 49% Poor
2D Central 78 68% Satisfactory
2E Central 53 60% Satisfactory
2F North 93 24% Poor
2G North 229 42% Poor
3A North 44 59% Satisfactory
3B North 125 47% Poor
3C Northeast 66 55% Satisfactory
3D Northeast 103 51% Satisfactory
4A South 60 60% Satisfactory
4B South 68 66% Satisfactory
4C South 57 51% Satisfactory
4D Central 75 49% Poor
4E Northeast 48 75% Good
5A Southeast 25 64% Satisfactory
5B Southeast 39 69% Satisfactory
5C Southeast 42 31% Poor
5D Philadelphia Metro 4 0% N/A
5. Create the appropriate relationships for the following tables. Do not enforce
referential integrity.
a. Counties and WMU
b. WMU and Harvest
6. Create separate queries to provide the information requested below. Name
each query after the step in which it appears (e.g., name the query in Step 6a
as Query6A ).

HINT: Run your queries to test them. Make sure that they display all and only
the records that you would expect to appear.
a. Create a new query. For each year, sum the total number of deer taken
in each category (antlered firearms, antlerless firearms, antlered archery,
antlerless archery, antlered muzzleloaders, and antlerless muzzleloaders)
and the total number of antlerless licenses.

Sort by year in descending order.

HINT: This query returns 3 records.

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Microsoft Access II
Pennsylvania Deer Problem
b. Create a new query that, for each year and WMU, displays the region
name, the total number of antlerless deer harvested, and the number of
antlerless licenses. You should also include a calculated field that
determines the percentage of the antlerless licenses that were actually
used.

You can calculate the number of antlerless deer harvested using the
formula:
. .
.

You can calculate the number of used antlerless licenses using the
formula:
Antlerless Deer Harvested
.

Only display records where at least 30,000 ( 30000) antlerless licenses

were allocated.

Format the percentage of antlerless licenses used as a percentage with 1

decimal place. Sort by year and then by WMU, both in ascending order.

HINT: This query returns 52 records.

c. As Cambria County includes parts of three different Wildlife Management
Units, people living in that county are eligible to apply for an antlerless
license in any one of those WMUs. Make a new query that lists all WMUs
in Cambria County and how many antlerless licenses were issued for the
year 2006.

Do not show the year or county fields in your results.

Sort by WMU name in ascending order.

HINT: This query returns 3 records.

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Pennsylvania Deer Problem
d. Create a new query that for each region, WMU, and year, calculates the
total number of deer harvested. You should also include a calculated field
to determine the percentage of deer harvested by each of the three
hunting methods (firearms, archery, and muzzleloaders).

You can calculate the total number of deer harvested using the formula:
. .
. .
. .

As an example, you can calculate the percentage of deer harvested by

firearms using the formula:
. .
Total Deer Harvested

You can calculate the percentage of deer harvested by archery and by

muzzleloaders by modifying the above formula.

Format the percentages for each hunting method as a percentage with 1

decimal place. Sort by region, then by WMU, and then by year, all in
ascending order.

HINT: This query returns 66 records.

e. Expanding upon the results from the previous query, we would like to see
if there are any overall trends in hunting method by region of the state.
This query will use the results of Query6D for the year 2006 as its only
source input.

Make a new query that lists each region and a sum of the total number of
deer harvested in 2006. For each region in 2006, you should also find the
average percentage of deer killed each by firearms, archery and
muzzleloaders.

Do not show the year field in the results. Give your calculated fields
appropriate names (don’t use the automatically-generated names).

Format the percentages as a percentage with 1 decimal place. Sort by

region in ascending order.

IMPORTANT: Do not reference any tables in your query, only Query6D.

HINT: This query returns 9 records.

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f. We would like to see if there is any relationship between the health of a
WMU and the region in which it is located. Create a new query that lists
each region, each health category, a count of how many WMUs within that
region are in each health category, and the average regeneration rate for
each region/health category combination.

Format the average regeneration rate as a percentage with no decimal

places. Sort by region and then by health category, both in ascending
order.

HINT: This query returns 15 records.

g. We would like to explore if there is a relationship between the health of a
WMU and the number of deer harvested. We are only interested in WMUs
where the health study had a sample size of at least 10. For this query,
copy-and-paste the below SQL code:

SELECT Harvest.HarvestYear, Harvest.WMU, WMU.Health,

WMU.RegenerationRate,
[Harvest]![FirearmAntleredHarvest]+[Harvest]![FirearmAntlerles
sHarvest]+[Harvest]![ArcheryAntleredHarvest]+[Harvest]![Archer
yAntlerlessHarvest]+[Harvest]![MuzzleloaderAntleredHarvest]+[H
arvest]![MuzzleloaderAntlerlessHarvest] AS TotalHarvest
FROM WMU INNER JOIN Harvest ON WMU.WMU = Harvest.WMU
WHERE (((WMU.SampleSize)>=10))
ORDER BY Harvest.HarvestYear, WMU.Health, Harvest.WMU;

IMPORTANT: Do not make any modifications to the is query other than

entering the above SQL code.

HINT: This query returns 63 records.

7. Create a table named AnalysisQuestions . This table will need to be able to
store which question is being answered and your answer to that question in
each record.

Answer four of the five below questions, one question per record. Specifically
indicate the question you are answering for each record.
a. Are there any noticeable patterns in the type of hunting used in the
various parts of the state? Why might this be the case?
b. Why might Pennsylvania want to specifically limit the number of antlerless
(female) deer harvested?
c. Suppose that too many deer are being harvested. In the short run, this
would allow hunters to take more deer and landowners would benefit from
reduced amounts of crop damage. What might be longer-term
consequences of overharvesting deer?
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d. In Query6G, you looked at forest health data versus number of deer
harvested. Is there a relationship between forest health and the deer
harvest? Why or why not?
e. The Pennsylvania Game Commission has recently switched from
managing the deer population on the basis of counties to the basis of
Wildlife Management Units. There are fewer WMUs than counties,
effectively making each management area larger, but the WMUs are
organized by grouping geographically similar areas. What might be some
advantages and disadvantages to this change?
8. Run the COMPACT AND REPAIR DATABASE utility on your database.

Curriculum Information
Project Type
Microsoft Access database

Relationship to GEC Objective 2

In this assignment, students are expected to use and analyze data released by the
Pennsylvania Game Commission. Through the use of critical thinking skills, they
are expected to provide and support the conclusions the draw from the data.

Relationship to GEC Objective 4

The Pennsylvania Game Commission maintains the deer population by keeping the
herd for each WMU at a stable medium. In this project, students explore deer
harvest related data to notice this stability and to notice the changes done in order
maintain stability.

Grading Rubric
This project will be graded based upon the following components. The instructor
may adjust the below percentages as he or she feels appropriate:
Step 3 5% Steps 6a-e 7.5% each
Steps 4a-b 10% total Steps 6f-g 10% each
Steps 5a-b 7.5% total Steps 7a-e (pick 4 of 5) 5% each

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