Say you're given a monopoly market to solve:

A monopolist has a demand curve given by D: P = 100 - Q and a

marginal cost curve given by S: P = 2Q.

How would you solve this?

Above is basic monopoly market

Plot supply and demand with P on the vertical axis and Q on the
horizontal axis. Notice that in the monopoly case, supply is marginal
cost.
Without competition in the market, a monopolist doesn't produce
where S=D. Instead, he wants to maximize his marginal
revenue. With linear demand, marginal revenue has the same
intercept as demand, but twice the slope. (For those with a calculus
background, this is because total revenue is demand (equal to P)
times Q, and then take the derivative with respect to Q). This gives us
MR=100-2Q.
So where will the monopolist produce? Where MR=MC, our golden
rule for maximizing profit. However, this only determines Q. To find
P, we substitute that Q back into demand to find P.

In other words, the monopolist chooses Q to maximize TR, and

charges "as much as he can get away with"--the highest price
consumers will pay for that profit-maximizing Q.
The deadweight loss from this market being controlled by a
monopolist is the difference in total surplus between the monopoly
situation and the point of social efficiency (where supply--MC--equals
demand).

The orange area represents consumer surplus1 under monopoly, the

purple area represents producer surplus2 under monopoly, and the
light green area represents deadweight loss. You can easily see that
at the socially efficient point, some of producer surplus and DWL
1
Consumer surplus exists when the price paid by a consumer is less than what the consumer would be willing to
purchase the good for. Consumer surplus is defined by the area below the demand curve, above the price, and left
of the quantity bought.
2
Producer surplus exists when the price goods are sold for is greater than what it costs the firms to manufacture
those goods. Producer surplus is defined by the area above the supply curve, below the price, and left of the
quantity sold. . http://www.csun.edu/~hceco008/c11d.htm
would be allocated to consumers, and the rest of DWL would be
allocated to producers.

As deadweight loss is a triangle, we calculate it as 1/2*b*h.

DWL=.5*(33.3-25)*25=104.16

You could also calculate this as the change in total surplus, calculating
the sum of producer and consumer surplus under monopoly and
competition.

**Note that the 104.16 is calculated using 33.33333 (repeating) rather

than 33.3. If you use 33.3, you will get 103.75, which is also
acceptable.