Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
generator
Auxiliary equipment of generator
1. Stator air coolers: (water cooling) for cooling of stator, located on the
periphery of stator.
2. Oil coolers for thrust, lower and
2. upper bearings:
Oil coolers for Bearing
thrust, lower and upper bea
submerged in oil for reduction of
friction, oil sucked the heat
produced by bearings and then oil
cooled by the water cooling system.
Whole weight of rotating part rest
upon the thrust bearing.
Each of the thrust bearing and guide bearing (upper & lower) shall be equipped
with:
4. Brake/jet system: This system is used for braking, this system used brake
liner located below the rotor, and Brake system is equipped with LP air
compressor pressure system (Pneumatic system). Each generator is equipped
with pneumatically operated asbestos-free brakes of sufficient capacity to
bring the rotating parts of generator and turbine to stop from 20% rated
speed in normal condition. Under emergency condition it shall be possible to
apply the brakes at 50% of rated speed without any damage to brakes and
break ring. Brakes can be operated from unit control board and brake control
panel.
6. Sole plates, Foundation bolts, Sleeves, Anchor plates: These parts are
used to fix the stationary parts of the system.
7. Fire protection system: Fire extinguishing device or system. Fire fighting
system is just outside the generator barrel. The thermostatic temperature &
smoke detectors are located at the strategic points inside the generator
housing. Upon sensing smoke, system will generate audible alarm and signal
for related action through protection system and plant SCADA system.
10. Oil, air & water pipes ,fittings, valves ,pressure gauges and flow relay
11. Piping, tubing & valves: All the internal piping and valves for the following shall be
included in the scope of the generator manufacturer:
a. Cooling water inlet, outlet and drain for generator air and oil coolers.
b. High pressure lubrication oil supply to thrust bearing meant for lubrication during
start up & shut down of the unit.
e. Tubing for connections b/w temperature sensing elements (vapor bulbs) to dial
type thermometers, pressure gauge tubing.
14. Couplers for measuring partial discharge: Partial discharge means remnant of air
bubbles & vacuum in an insulation which left there as a manufacture defect, which
has to be remove from the point of view of good insulation otherwise it will break
down the insulation of the system.
15. Moisture detector system for upper & lower bearing oil: It is a solid state type
instrument based on resistance principle.
Flywheel effect: Flywheel means stored energy. Suppose we suddenly stop the flowing
of water from head race level or we suddenly close the main inlet valve. As a result the
whole coupled system (turbine+Generator) speed decreasing gradually but doesn’t stop
suddenly due to inertia or because of stored energy; it is the energy system gains while
running.
As the load varies time to time, the speed of the turbine has to be varied in order to meet
the load requirement. Therefore, during varying period of load, coupled system or
machine may experience jerk of large extent. In order to avoid the occurrence of jerk,
flow of water to the turbine has to be varied in such a way that machine doesn’t
experience any kind of vibration or jerk.
For example, if the machine is running at full load, suddenly the load requirement gets
reduced to 50% of full load, during this switch over, machine experience huge jerk .By
varying the flow of water to turbine from full load to 50% load ,we can reduce the jerk
within the tolerable range.
Run-away speed: Run-away is the max. Speed governor being disengaged, at which a
turbine would run when there is no external load but operated under full level head
discharge. The generator shall be designed and constructed in such a way that it will be
capable of withstanding maximum run away speed as defined by the turbine
manufacturer, for a period of 30 minutes without incurring damage from stresses under
such condition. (Runaway speed is 50% of rated speed of turbine in teesta project Rated
speed-166.67 rpm, max.run away-166.67+83.34(50% of rated speed)=250 rpm)
**Crawling due to the torque contribution of 7th harmonics mainly (for induction machines)
**Hunting is the oscillation of rotor about its final equilibrium position due to high speed
because of weakening of field.
**Creeping:
DESIGN CLACULATION
3. Foundation loads
4. Runaway speed
5. Critical speeds
6. Strength of all rotating parts to withstand run away speed and vibration.
7. Number of coolers for stator and all bearings, the normal working pressure
and pressure drop through the coolers.
8. GD2 calculations.
9. Coupling bolts size
12. Max. Stresses / loads during normal operation, run away speed conditions,
two phases and three phases short-circuit conditions or single phase earth
fault at max. Output for which generator are capable of 180 degree and 120
degree out-of-phase synchronization, magnetic unbalance at rated speed
with 50% of the poles short-circuited and brake application.
14.Ventilation of generator.
For medium
project
2. Semi-umbrella Type: Lower bracket-Thrust bearing ,guide bearing
4. Short coupled: Upper bearing-Thrust & guide bearing, lower bracket-no bearing
Rarely
used