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Conditioning for American Football
Data · September 2016

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14762.82880
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Conditioning
for
American Football
Adriano Vretaros
Strength and Conditioning Coach
São Paulo – BRAZIL
avretaros@gmail.com
Characteristics - I
● Team Sport:
a) Invasion Game
b) Evasion Game
Characteristics - II
● Contact Sport
● Collision Sport
Characteristics - III
● Intermittent
● High Intensity Demands
● Short Duration of Games Activity
● High Force Collisions
Positions Tactics - I
● Defense
● Attack
● Specialists Functions
Positions Tactics - II
● DEFENSE:
a) Defensive End (DE)

b) Defensive Tackle (DT)
c) Linebackers (LB)
d) Cornerback (CB)
e) Strong Safety (SS)
f) Free Safety (FS)
Positions Tactics - III
●
ATTACK:
a) Quarterback (QB)
b) Running Back (RB)
c) Fullback (FB)
d) Center (C)
e) Offensive Guard (OG – RG and LG)
f) Offensive Tackle (OT – RT and LT)
g) Wide Receivers
h) Tight End (TE)
Positions Tactics - IV
● SPECIALISTS FUNCTIONS:
a) Kicker (K)
b) Long Snapper (LS)
c) Holder (H)
d) Punter (P)
e) Kick Returner (KR)
The Game - I
● 11 versus 11
● 4 quarters 12-15 minutes - separated by 12-

20 minutes intervals (depending on the
league and level)
● 2-minute intervals between 1 and 2 quarters,

3 and 4 quarters
The Game - II
● The playing field:
● 100 yards longitude
● 53 yards wide
● White Lines: 10 for 10 yards

● Smaller Lines: 1 in 1 yard
● End Zone: 10 yards per side

The Game - III
The Game - IV
● 4 attempts (4 downs) to reach 10 yards
● Tackle
● Score: Touchdown (TD) - 6 points
● Extra point: 1 or 2 points
● Field Goal: 3 points
● Safety: 2 points
The Game - V
The Game - VI
The Game - VII
The Game - VIII
● Differences between:
a) NFL (National Football League)

Vs
b) CFL (Canadian Football League)
● Click in VIDEO
Motor Skills
● Pass
● Run (F, D and B)
● Blockage
● Push
● Pull
● Contact
● Jump (V and H)
● Dribble (COD)
Metabolic Domain
● 70% - ATP-PC
● 25% - Lactic Acid
● 5% - Aerobic
(Kraemer et al, 2015)

Relationship Effort-pause
● ~ 5 seconds per 30 seconds
● ~ 1:6
(Lockie et al 2012)
Anthropometric Profile in Players
from 1942 to 2011 - part 1
BODY HEIGHT Average change for every

(Group) year (cm)
Mixed Offensive Backs -0,048 to 0,502
Mixed Lineman 0,034 to 0,188
Mixed Skilled -0,073 to 0,119
All Positions Combined -0,011 to 0,112

* 95% CI
(Adapted from Anzell et al, 2013)

from 1942 to 2011 – part 2
BODY WEIGHT Average change for every

(Group) year (Kg)
Mixed Offensive Backs 0,089 to 0,208
Mixed Skilled 0,078 to 0,334
All Positions Combined 0,160 to 0,57

* 95% CI

from 1942 to 2011 – part 3
BODY COMPOSITION Average change for every
(Group) year (% fat)
Mixed Offensive Backs -0,133 to 0,127
Mixed Skilled -0,053 to 0,164
All Positions Combined 0,030 to 0,278

* 95% CI

Physical Demands of NCAA Division I College
GROUPS Position Drills Team Drills Total Practice
(min) (min) Time (min)
Non-linemen
(Cornerback, Free Safety,
Strong Safety, Outside
Linebacker, Middle
Linebacker, Wide
Receiver, Quarterback,
66+\-7 53+\-13 145+\-14
Full Back and Running
Back )
Linemen (Offensive
Tackle, Offensive Guard,
Center, Defensive Tackle,
Defensive End and Tight 65+\-9 59+\-10 143+\-12
End)
(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

Physical Demands - Distance Covered –
NCAA Division I College
GROUPS Total Distance Covered

(Km)
Non-linemen (Cornerback, Free Safety, 3,5 +\-0,9

Strong Safety, Outside Linebacker,
Middle Linebacker, Wide Receiver,
Quarterback, Full Back and Running
Back )
Linemen (Offensive Tackle, Offensive 2,6+\-0,5
Guard, Center, Defensive Tackle,
Defensive End and Tight End)

Physical Demands – Velocity Zones – NCAA
Division I College - % Distance
Velocity Zones TOTAL PRACTICE TOTAL PRACTICE
LINEMEN NON-LINEMEN
(% Distance) (% Distance)
0-1,0 Km\h 7,0+\1,3 5,7+\-2,0
1,1-6,0 Km\h 51,6+\-7,3 43,9+\-6,1
6,1-12,0 Km\h 31,2+\-5,1 30,0+\-4,0
12,1-16,0 Km\h 5.7+\-2,4 8,7+\-2,3 *
> 16,0 Km\h 3,1+\-2,4 10,7+\-3,1 *

Physical Demands – Velocity Zones – NCAA
Division I College - % Time
Velocity Zones TOTAL PRACTICE TOTAL PRACTICE
LINEMEN NON-LINEMEN
(% Time) (% Time)
0-1,0 Km\h 77,6+\-3,4 * 74,2+\-6,7
1,1-6,0 Km\h 16,8+\-2,8 18,3+\-4,8
6,1-12,0 Km\h 4,1+\-1,0 5,1+\-1,8 *
12,1-16,0 Km\h 0,4+\-0,5 0,9+\-0,0 *
>16,0 Km\h 0,1+\-0,3 0,8+\-0,4 *

Physical Demands - NCAA Division I College
– Heart Rate Max
HRmax (bpm) Nonlinemen Linemen
Position Drills Position Drills
p=0,025 201+\-9 194+\-11

Team Drills Team Drills
p=0,343 192+\-12 189+\-12

Total Practice Time Total Practice Time
p=0,013 203+\-8 197+\-9

Physical Demands - NCAA Division I College
– Heart Rate Avg
Heart Rate Avg (bpm) Linemen Nonlinemen
Position Drills Position Drills
p=0,715 143+\-8 142+\-11

Team Drills Team Drills
p=0,698 134+\-11 135+\-12

Total Practice Time Total Practice Time
p=0,580 136+\-7 135+\-11

Wingate
Anaerobic Power Test - NCAA Division III
Variables T1 T2 T3 T4
Body Mass 101,3+\-19,7 100,6+\-20,0 99,9+\-20,02 98,3+\-19,1

(Kg)
Peak Power 1,892+\-274 1,837+\-181 1,934+\-101 1,936+\-151
(W)
Mean Power 1,289+\-76 1,301+\-24 1,296+\-50 1,294+\-49
(W)
Fatigue Rate 39,1+\-14,0 31,5+\-13,4 36,2+\-12,5 37,3+\-9,2
(W.s-1)
Total Work 38,520+\-2,136 38,956+\-644 38,880+\-1,488 38,612+\-1,061
(J)
(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2005)

Endocrine and Biochemical
Changes during a Competitive Football Game
VARIABLES GROUP Pre2 IP ** p<0,05
Glucose (mmol.L-1) ST 5,80+\-1,39 4,90+\-0,50
RS 4,64+\-0,51 4,79+\-0,28
Blood Urea Nitrogen ST 6,35+\-1,00 6,31+\-1,77
RS 5,39+\-1,14 5,36+\-1,38
Uric Acid (mmol.L-1) ST 0,31+\-0,08 0,33+\-0,11
RS 0,31+\-0,06 0,28+\-0,07
AST (U.L-1) ST 19,3+\-3,4 27,2+\-4,6 **
RS 22,9+\-4,0 24,7+\-3,9
ALT (U.L-1) ST 19,0+\-4,4 20,5+\-4,7
RS 18,4+\-7,1 19,6+\-6,1

Capacities Conditioning
● Strength (Power, Maximum, Elastic-reactive,

Elastic-explosive)
● Endurance (ATP-PC, Lactic Acid)
● Speed (Reaction, Motion, Displacement,
Endurance)
● Agility
● Flexibility (Mobility)
Coordinative Capacities
● Orientation spatiotemporal
● Hand-eye coordination
● Eye-foot coordination
● Precision
● Balance (static, dynamic and recovered)
● Laterality
● Anticipatory Timing
● Spins, falls, etc
Physical Assessment
1) FIELD TESTING
● Strength (1RM Bench press, Squat, Deadlift, VJ, HJ, SJ, CMJ, DJ,
SBJ, PBT, etc)
● Agility (20-yard shuttle, Three-cone drill, 60-yard shuttle, etc)
●
Speed (9,1m, 18,3m, 36,6m, etc)
●
Position-specific drills
● FMS and Y-Balance Test
2) LABORATORY TESTING
● Wingate test, Isokinetic evaluation, Biochemical and Endocrine
tests, Medical Injury Evaluation, Dental and Orthodontic
Evaluation, etc
Training Types
● Technical training
● Physical training
● Technical-tactical training
● Technical-physical training
● Technical-tactical-physical training
Types of Physical Conditioning
● General Physical Preparation
● Physical Preparation Specific

a) Individualized by Tactical Position
b) Team Style of Play
Special Technical Training - I
● Olympic Lifting Techniques

● Strongman Training
● Fighting Training (boxing, grappling and
sumo)
Special Technical Training - II
● Pilates
● Yoga
Longitudinal Changes in the Strength and
Power: 5 years – NCAA Division III
All Players Year 01 Year 02 Year 03 Year 04 Year 05
1 RM BP 117,4+\-20,9 126,7+\-20,4* 134,5+\-21,7 138,2+\-21,9* 153,8+\-21,2*
1RM Squat 152,5+\-27,3 166,4+\-28,4* 179,8+\-30,4 184,8+\-33,7* 207,4+\-35,1*
VJ (cm) 64,9+\-9,5 66,5+\-9,2 66,4+\-9,0 69,7+\-9,8* 66,6+\-9,8
Backs
1RM BP 112,3+\-19,1 121,8+\-19,8 * 125,7+\-19,3 126,3+\-19,4* 141,7+\-16,0*
1RM Squat 147,3+\-25,0 164,4+\-28,3 * 170,0+\-29,2 170,6+\-29,4* 173,4+\-19,1*
VJ (cm) 68,4+\-7,5 69,8+\-8,5 69,6+\-7,7 73,4+\-8,9* 67,3+\-9,6
Linemen
1RM BP 122,7+\-21,6 132,2+\-19,7 * 143,1+\-20,5 150,6+\-20,0* 157,7+\-21,5*
1RM Squat 157,7+\-28,5 168,6+\-28,5 * 188,4+\-29,1 198,0+\-32,3* 222,3+\-29,7*
VJ (cm) 61,0+\-10,1 62,6+\-8,4 63,6+\-9,2 66,3+\-9,5 * 66,3+\-10,2*
Longitudinal Changes in the Speed, Agility,
and Anaerobic Conditioning: NCAA Division III
All Players Year 01 Year 02 Year 03 Year 04 Year 05
40-yd sprint 5,05+\-0,34 5,01+\-0,37 4,97+\-0,37 4,95+\-0,35 4,97+\-0,34
T drill 9,25+\-0,78 9,22+\-0,65 9,03+\-0,61* 9,06+\-0,59 9,07+\-0,78
Proagility 4,66+\-0,32 4,62+\-0,35 4,70+\-0,40 4,55+\-0,39 4,60+\-0,40
Line drill 37,3+\-3,6 37,2+\-3,1 37,0+\-2,9 37,1+\-3,2 37,9+\-2,6
Backs
40-yd sprint 4,86+\-0,20 4,81+\-0,21 4,77+\-0,23* 4,77+\-0,20* 4,81+\-0,29
T drill 8,90+\-0,73 8,90+\-0,42 8,78+\-0,46 8,82+\-0,45 8,71+\-0,31
Proagility 4,49+\-0,13 4,45+\-0,17 4,35+\-0,2* 4,33+\-0,19* 4,51+\-0,18
Line drill 35,3+\-1,5 35,9+\-2,1 35,4+\-1,8 35,6+\-2,5 36,1+\-1,4
Linemen
40-yd sprint 5,24+\-0,35 5,23+\-0,38 5,18+\-0,37 5,13+\-0,37 5,04+\-0,35*
T drill 9,60+\-0,66 9,60+\-0,68 9,32+\-0,64* 9,28+\-0,62* 9,21+\-0,86*
Proagility 4,86+\-0,35 4,85+\-0,39 4,91+\-0,33 4,79+\-0,41 4,68+\-0,53
Line drill 39,3+\-3,9 38,8+\-3,3 38,6+\-2,9 38,5+\-3,2 38,8+\-2,5

Strength and Power
● Impact Power
● Output Power
● Directed Power
● Sustainable Power
(Dintiman et al, 1999)

Collision and Tackle
● Sport Science = Video
● 2200 Lbs of Force
● Click in VIDEO
Game Based Conditioning Drills
● Change game rules and duration:
a) 6 vs. 6
b) 7 vs. 7
c) 8 vs. 8
d) 9 vs. 9
e) 10 vs 10
Macrostructural Variables of
Functional Training
● Movement Learning
● Proprioception
● Core
● Biomotor Capabilities
(Vretaros, 2016)
FT - Movement Learning
● Neural Drives Motors

● Basic Motor Skills
● Movement Patterns
● Combinations of Fundamental Movements
● Reprogramming of Automatism
(Cook, 2010 ; Zanella & Aguiar, 2015 ; Vretaros, 2016)

FT – Proprioception - I
● THE JOINTS:
a) Neck
b) Shoulder
c) Elbow
d) Wrist
e) Hip
f) Knee
g) Ankle
FT – Proprioception - II
a) Sensory Receptors
b) Joint Receptors
c) Muscle Receptors
d) Tendon Receptors
e) Vestibular Receptors
(Magill, 2011)
FT – Proprioception - III
● THE JOINT RECEPTORS:
a) Type I: Ruffini Receptors

b) Type II: Corpuscle Paccini
c) Type III: Corpuscle Golgi-Mazzoni
d) Type IV: Free Nerve Endings
(Gaspar & Chiappa, 2001)

FT – Proprioception - IV
● General Sensitivity Exteroceptive

● General Sensitivity Proprioceptive
● Special General Sensitivity
(Gaspar & Chiappa, 2001)

FT - Core
● Body Aware and Control

● Static Positions
● Dynamic Positions
● Stable and Unstable Platforms
a) Core Endurance
b) Core Stability
c) Core Strength
(Saeterbakken et al, 2015 ; Nesser et al, 2016)
FT – Biomotor Capabilities
● Coordinative Capacities
● Capacities Conditioning
FT – Periodization in Team Sports
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Recovery FT (BC) FT (P) Recovery FT (ML) FT (BC) FT (C)

+
FT (BC)
FT (ML) T+T Prematch FT (P) T+T FT (P) Prematch

+ + +
T+T FT (BC) T+T
**FT (ML)= Movement Learning, FT(P)= Proprioception,

FT(C)= Core, FT(BC)= Biomotor Capabilities, T+T= Technical
+Tactic (Adapted from Vretaros, 2016)
Injuries - I
● In Training (58,26%)
● In Game (41,74%)
(Bielecki et al, 2016)

Injuries - II
● Head Injuries
● Shoulders
● Knee
● Leg Injuries
Head Injuries - I
● Head (Brains)
● Concussions
Head Injuries - II
● Coup Concussion
● Contrecoup Concussion
● Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
● Post Concussive Syndrome
● Second Impact Syndrome
● Sub-concussive
(Cornwell Jr, 2013)

Head Injuries - III
● Force
● Rotational Force
● ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment

and Cognitive Testing)
● Return to Play (RTP)
(Cornwell Jr, 2013)

Head Injuries - IV
●
n= 1631 football players – 15 NCAA Division I, II and III
● Seasons: 1999, 2000 and 2001
● 94 players sustained concussion (3,90% of player-seasons)
● Loss of Consciousness (6.4%; median duration, 30 seconds)
● Posttraumatic Amnesia (19.1%; median duration, 90 minutes)
● Retrograde Amnesia (7.4%; median duration, 120 minutes)
a) Cognitive Functioning
b) Postural Stability
(McCrea et al, 2003)

Head Injuries - V
POINTS SYMPTOMS Cognitive Function Postural Stability
Time of Concussion 20,93 (15,65 -26,21) -2,94 (-4,38 to -1,50) 5,81 (-0,67 to 12,30)
Postgame 16,97 (12,61-21,33) -2,15 (-3,26 to -1,04) 5,66 (1,27 to 10,06)
POSTINJURY DAY
1 11,53 (8,37 to 14,69) -1,59 (-2,43 to -0,78) 2,72 (-0,14 to 5,57)
2 6,88 (4,17 to 9,59) -0,72 (-1,51 to 0,08) 2,33 (-0,30 to 4,95)
3 5,08 (2,27 to 7,88) -0,46 (-1,25 to 0,32) 1,46 (-1,22 to 4,14)
5 2,02 (-0,03 to 4,06) -0,52 (-1,28 to 0,25) -0,31 (-3,02 to 2,40)
7 0,33 (-1,41 to 2,06) -0,03 (-1,33 to 1,26) -0,55 (-3,19 to 2,09)
90 0,62 (-0,90 to 2,14) -0,51 (-1,41 to 0,39) -2,45 (-5,09 to 0,18)
**Mean Difference= 95% CI
(Adapted from McCrea et al, 2003)

Head Injuries - VI
YEAR CHARACTERISTICS
1939 ● First Plastic Football Helmet
1957 ●
First Tubular Bar Facemask
1973 ●
First Air-cushioned Football Helmet
1993 ● RIDDELL VSR-4 Helmet Features the First Air-fitted Liner

System
2002 ● First Football Helmet Incorporating Extended Jawline Protection,
Energy Managing Material on the Sides of the Face.
2003 ● Sideline Response System (HITS/SRS). First Helmet System to
Monitor and Report Impacts
2011 ● Official NFL Helmet ' RIDDELL 360 ' is the First
Designed to Redirect Energy from Frontal Impacts
away from the Head
(Adapted from Venables, 2013)
Head Injuries - VII
● 1400 head impacts per season

● ~ 6,3 impacts per practice
● 14,3 impacts per game
●
MATERIAL FATIGUE - HELMETS
●
Capacity to Absorb Energy
● Ability to Manage Linear Acceleration
●
Skull Fractures and Traumatic Brain Injuries
● 100 impacts*** (decrease in the capacity to attenuate linear
acceleration)
(Cournoyer et al, 2013)

Head Injuries - VIII
Head Injuries - IX
● Head Impact Telemetry (HIT)
● Six Accelerometers Mounted Inside a Football Helmet:

a) on the time of impact
b) location of impact
c) linear acceleration resultant of the head centre of gravity
(Manoogian, 2005 apud Gabbett, no date)

Head Injuries - X
Movement Exercise Weight Increases (Lbs)
Neck Extension +67,5
Neck Flexion +49,5
Lateral Flexion Right +67,5
Lateral Flexion Left +67,5
25 Degree Tilt +67,5
10 Degree Nod +49,5
Neutral Grip Row +180,0
Bilateral Shrug +180,0
Unilateral Shrug (left and right) +80,0
Levator Scapulae Shrug +261,0
Underhand Scapula Retraction Pull +170,0
Neck Circumference Increase Neck Circumference Decrease
4 inch Circumference Increase Upper Neck Zero Neck Circumference Decrease
3 3\4 inch Circumference Increase Lower Zero Neck Circumference Decrease
Neck
(Adapted from Cornwell, 2013)
Shoulders Injuries - I
● Impact
● Dislocation
● Tissue Damage
● Labral Tear
Shoulders Injuries - II
● n= 336 elite collegiate American football players were

invited to the National Football League Combine
● 1.3 injuries per player:
a) acromioclavicular separation (41%)
b) anterior instability (20%)
c) rotator cuff injury (12%)
d) clavicle fracture (4%)
e) posterior instability (4%)
(Kaplan et al, 2005)

Shoulders Injuries - III
● Quarterbacks and Defensive Backs (more common)

● Linebackers or Linemen (surgery was more common)
● Defensive Players (anterior instability was more
common)
● Linemen (rotator cuff injuries and posterior instability)

Knee Injuries - I
● ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament)
● MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament)
(Rovere et al, 1987 ; Salata et al, 2010)

Knee Injuries - II
● n= 332 elite collegiate football players at the 2005 National

Football League Combine
● 1.3/player injured:
● Medial Collateral Ligament Injury (n = 79)
● Meniscal Injury (n = 51)
● Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury (n = 40)
● SURGERIES:
● Arthroscopic Meniscectomy (n = 39)
● ACL Reconstruction (n = 35)
● Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair (n = 13)
(Bradley et al, 2008)

Leg Injuries
● Hip Bone
● Hamstring Strain or Pull
● Ankle Sprains
Foot and Ankle Injuries - I
● n= 320 intercollegiate football players at the National

Football League Combine
● 72% injured (1,24 injuries\player):
a) lateral ankle sprain (n=115)
b) syndesmotic sprain (n=50)
c) metatarsophalangeal dislocation/turf toe (n=36)
d) fibular fracture (n=25)

Foot and Ankle Injuries - II
● Kickers/Punters (100%)
● Special Teams (100%)
● Running Backs (83%)
● Wide Receivers (83%)
● Offensive Linemen (80%)

Longitudinal Study of Injuries
in the Weight Room - I
Type \Location NUMBER Type\ Location NUMBER
Low back muscle 08 Shoulder muscle 01
Low back ligament 04 Shoulder separation 01
Neck muscle 03 Shoulder tendonitis 01
Heat exhaustion 03 Pectoralis muscle 01
Upper back muscle 02 Spine ligament 01
Low back disc 02 Hernia 01
Patella subluxation 02 Knee tendonitis 01
Low back spasm 01 Knee cartilage 01
Cerebral 01 Leg fracture 01
concussion
Shoulder ligament 01 Ankle sprain 01
(Adapted from Zemper, 1990)

Longitudinal Study of Injuries
in the Weight Room - II
Player Position Number of Player Position Number of
Injuries Injuries
Defensive down 10 Offensive tackle 03
lineman
Running back 06 Offensive tight end 02
Flanker \ Wide 04 Center 01

receiver
Linebacker 03 Quarterback 01
Defensive halfback \ 03 Slotback \ wingback 01

cornerback
Offensive guard 03 Defensive safety 01
(Adapted from Zemper, 1990)

Control of Training Loads - I
● External Load
● Internal Load
Control of Training Loads - II
● EXTERNAL LOAD:
a) Volume
b) Intensity
c) Density
d) Complexity
(Bompa & Haff, 2012)

Control of Training Loads - III
● INTERNAL LOAD:
a) Subjective Perception Effort ***

b) Heart Rate *
c) Lactate *
d) Monotony Index **
e) Strain Index **
(Foster, 1998 ; Foster et al, 2001 ; Miloski et al, 2012)

Control of Training Loads - IV
● Scale Muscle Pain
● Indicator Locality Muscular Pain

Relationship Loads versus Injuries
● Non-contact, Soft-tissue Injurie:

● Critical Element: dose-response relationship
● High Change in Training Load (> 10%) - week-to-week
change
● Weekly Load Range Training in Arbitrary Units (RPE x
Minutes)
● Acute Training Load
● Chronic Training Load
● Peak loads
● Adapt the demands of the game
(Gabbett, 2015)
Recovery and Regeneration - I
● Active Recovery
● Passive Recovery
Recovery and Regeneration - II
Hydration Hyperoxia Therapy
Nutrition Electrostimulation
Chiropractic Slowdown Active
Cryotherapy Acupuncture
Magnetotherapy Sleep
Thermotherapy Cupping Therapy
Compression Garment And others
(Gill et al, 2006 ; Bompa & Haff, 2012 ; Vretaros, 2015)

Neuropsychological Recovery
● Level of Stress
● Mental Toughness
● Verbal Memory
● Visual Memory
● Reaction Time
● Information Processing Speed
● Concentration
(Iverson et al, 2009 ; Sheard, 2009 ; Weinberg & Gould, 2014 )

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Conditioning for American Football

Data · September 2016

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded ﬁle.

a) Defensive End (DE)

● 4 quarters 12-15 minutes - separated by 12-

● 2-minute intervals between 1 and 2 quarters,

● White Lines: 10 for 10 yards

● End Zone: 10 yards per side

a) NFL (National Football League)

(Kraemer et al, 2015)

● ~ 5 seconds per 30 seconds

BODY HEIGHT Average change for every

Mixed Lineman 0,034 to 0,188

Mixed Skilled -0,073 to 0,119

All Positions Combined -0,011 to 0,112

(Adapted from Anzell et al, 2013)

BODY WEIGHT Average change for every

Mixed Lineman 0,338 to 0,900

Mixed Skilled 0,078 to 0,334

All Positions Combined 0,160 to 0,57

(Adapted from Anzell et al, 2013)

Mixed Lineman 0,046 to 0,275

Mixed Skilled -0,053 to 0,164

All Positions Combined 0,030 to 0,278

(Adapted from Anzell et al, 2013)

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

GROUPS Total Distance Covered

Non-linemen (Cornerback, Free Safety, 3,5 +\-0,9

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

1,1-6,0 Km\h 51,6+\-7,3 43,9+\-6,1

6,1-12,0 Km\h 31,2+\-5,1 30,0+\-4,0

12,1-16,0 Km\h 5.7+\-2,4 8,7+\-2,3 *

> 16,0 Km\h 3,1+\-2,4 10,7+\-3,1 *

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

1,1-6,0 Km\h 16,8+\-2,8 18,3+\-4,8

6,1-12,0 Km\h 4,1+\-1,0 5,1+\-1,8 *

12,1-16,0 Km\h 0,4+\-0,5 0,9+\-0,0 *

>16,0 Km\h 0,1+\-0,3 0,8+\-0,4 *

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

HRmax (bpm) Nonlinemen Linemen

HRmax (bpm) Nonlinemen Linemen

p=0,013 203+\-8 197+\-9

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

Heart Rate Avg (bpm) Linemen Nonlinemen

Heart Rate Avg (bpm) Linemen Nonlinemen

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

Body Mass 101,3+\-19,7 100,6+\-20,0 99,9+\-20,02 98,3+\-19,1

(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2005)

Glucose (mmol.L-1) ST 5,80+\-1,39 4,90+\-0,50

Blood Urea Nitrogen ST 6,35+\-1,00 6,31+\-1,77

Uric Acid (mmol.L-1) ST 0,31+\-0,08 0,33+\-0,11

AST (U.L-1) ST 19,3+\-3,4 27,2+\-4,6 **

ALT (U.L-1) ST 19,0+\-4,4 20,5+\-4,7

(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2002)

● Strength (Power, Maximum, Elastic-reactive,

● General Physical Preparation

● Physical Preparation Specific

● Olympic Lifting Techniques

(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2011)

(Dintiman et al, 1999)

● Sport Science = Video

● 2200 Lbs of Force