1

Welcome

Drinking Water and Waste Water

treatment with Ozon
Presentation for
International Seminar - Waste and
drinking water
Gerhard HEGER, Senior Sales Manager
Bukarest ,15.09.2005
1 4 October 2005
 2
ITT Industries

ITT Industries

Electronic Defense Electronics Fluid Motion & Flow

Components & Services Technology Control

2 4 October 2005
 3
Fluid Technology Group

Fluid
Technology

Advanced Flygt Water

Water Fluid Industrial
Technology
Treatment Handling Biopharm
Group
Division

Water & Wastewater Building Trades Industrial Biopharm

3 4 October 2005
 4
Advanced Water Treatment Group

Advanced
Water
Treatment Group

Biological
Aquious Disinfection
Treatment
Water Equipment
Sanitaire WEDECO
Technologies

ABJ C’Treat

Royce
PCI
Technologies
Hengtong Advanced
Water Treatment

Portacel

4 4 October 2005
WEDECO AG 5
WEDECO Structure
U
100 % UV-line of business
100 % 100 % 100 % Ozone 100 %
WEDECO AG Water WEDECO KATADYN WEDECO
Technology, Advanced UV Light WEDECO KATADYN
AG, Schweiz GmbH, Deutschland
Deutschland GmbH, Deutschland GmbH, Deutschland

100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %

WEDECO B.V. WEDECO KATADYN WEDECO UV Systems WEDECO VISA PCI WEDECO
Niederlande S.A., Frankreich Plc., Großbritannien GmbH, Österreich Inc.,USA

100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %

WEDECO Pty. Ltd. WEDECO Ltda. WEDECO WWT Ltd. WEDECO Ideal OZOMATIC
Australien Brasilien Neuseeland Horizons Inc., USA GmbH, Deutschland

100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %

WEDECO Ltd. WEDECO Tecnologie WEDECO Puro srl. WEDECO Rex S. A. WEDECO Ozotech Ltd.
Singapur Acque srl., Italien Italien Spanien Großbritannien

100 % 100 % 51% 51%

WEDECO Sp. z. o. o. WEDECO Sung Jin WEDECO Kangda WEDECO Kft.

Polen Ltd., Korea Co. Ltd., China Ungarn

51%
WEDECO TRAILIGAZ
France

5 4 October 2005
 6

What is OZONE?

Comparison of oxidants:
Molecular weight: 48 g/mol
Density @ 1013 mbar, 0°C: 2,14 kg/m³ - Chlorine 1,36 V
Max. limit for ambient level: 0,1 ppm - Oxygen (mol.)1,23 V
0,2 mg/m³air - Chlorinedioxide 1,27 V
Odor threshold: 0,01 ppm - OH radical 2,8 V
Redox potential: 2,07 V - Hypochlorite 1,49 V

Blue, pungent and strong smelling gas

Æ safety aspects – guidelines, regulations

OZONE [greek = smelling]

6 4 October 2005
 7

How to produce OZONE?

Ozone production inside of an electrical field

Energy (Ozone Generator)

Generator Generator
inlet outlet

Heat
Feedgas: Free oxygen atoms Product gas:
Oxygen molecules and Ozone-Feedgas mixture
oxygen molecules
7 4 October 2005
 8

How to use OZONE?

cooling 5 - 32 °C offgas
water
O3

air / O2

5,5 kV
feedgas ozone generator reaction tank

grounded
energy
(400 V)

8 4 October 2005
 9
General Ozone Applications

Drinking Water Waste Water Process Water

Project: Dallas Project: BASF Schwarzheide Project: Infraleuna
Type: 8 x 85 kg/h Type: LWO 25000 Type: SMO 160-5
m(O3) = 680 kg O3/h Oxidation of toxic substances Cooling water treatment
Q = 13 m³/h Q = 3500 m³/h
Worldwide largest m(O3) = 25 kg/h m(O3) = 950 g/h
Ozone system !!
9 4 October 2005
 10

Ozone Basics:
How it works in waste water !

10 4 October 2005
 11

Oxidation with ozone for Oxidation with ozone for

wastewater treatment product treatment
z COD-reduction z Bleaching of: caolin, pulp and paper

z AOX-reduction z synthesis of: chemical and pharmaceutical

z Reduction of toxic substances in
water, e.g.: Cyanides, Pesticides,
z Decoloration / Desodoration
products, etc.
z refinement of: shelf-life of food, etc.
z washing of: fruit- and vegetables, etc.
z modification of: starch, surfaces, etc.

z Desinfection z Improvement of extrusion laminating

processes
z Improvement of biodegradability
z Cooling tower treatment

11 4 October 2005
 12
APPLICATION EXAMPLES

Improvement of:

y BOD/COD-ratio
y flocculation / filtration

partial-oxidation
(cracking) Reduction of:
• colour

wet chemical • toxic compounds (phenoles)

ozone-oxidation • odour (e.g. H2S)

in industrial
Mineralisation of:
wastewater
y CKW´s
y Pesticides
complete
oxidation
End-of-the-pipe treatment:
• further COD reduction
Oxidation with OZONE for
• final desinfection
industrial wastewater treatment
12 4 October 2005
 13
COD elimination by Ozone example

900 90
COD
800 80
COD elimination
700 70

COD Elimination [%]

600 60
COD [mg/l]

500 50

400 40

300 30

200 20

100 10

0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Ozone dose [mg/l]
13 4 October 2005
 14
Specific Elimination by Ozone example: toxic Kresol

16000 800

14000 700

12000 600

Kresol [mg/l]
COD [mg/l]

10000 500

8000 400

6000 300

4000 200

2000 COD Kresol 100

0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Ozone dose [mg/l]
14 4 October 2005
 15
Ozone for COD reduction

Basic rules of thumb…..:

„ COD reduction by ozone is stoichometric

„ Estimate approx. 2 - 3g O3 / gCODelim

„ Estimate O3 running costs of approx. 1,5 € / kg O3 (depending on

local prices for oxygen and power)

Ö To eliminate 1 kg COD estimate approx. 3 - 4,5 € (running costs)!

Ö Often combination of ozone and biological treatment reasonable

15 4 October 2005
 16
Ozone for specific elimination

Check affinity of substance with ozone first....

„ Elimination of defined substances is often below

stoichometric factors (low ozone demand)

„ Specific ozone demand is depending on substance

to be oxidized, treatment goal and background COD

„ Estimation of necessary ozone demand in

cooperation with WEDECO R&D (data base,
literature study, lab or pilot tests)
16 4 October 2005
 17

Ozon for waste water treatment

Basic layout
oxidation loop for
waste water
treatment

17 4 October 2005
 18
Design criteria

What has to be considered ?

„ Ozone dosage (g/m³) + flow (m³/h) = Ozone mass (g/h)

„ Complete ozone oxidation step consists of more than just

a generator

„ Complete oxidation systems usually include contactor

tank (SS), injection system, piping, PLC and offgas
treatment

18 4 October 2005
 19
Basic layout oxidation loop for waste water
treatment
Option:
Aeration of
biology

19 4 October 2005
 20
Installation example

Scope included:

•Turn key containerized

ozone unit of 20 kg/h
@ 12 wt%
•Incl. integrated
pump/injection system
•Built in PLC control
and Power supply unit
•Incl. antifoam dosing
unit, control air
compressor, air
conditioning
•Outdoor reaction tanks
Insulated 50 ft container

20 4 October 2005
 21
Installation example

Scope included:

•Turn key containerized

ozone unit of 20 kg/h
@ 12 wt%
•Incl. integrated
pump/injection system
•Built in PLC control
and Power supply unit
•Incl. antifoam dosing
unit, control air
compressor, air
conditioning
•Outdoor reaction tanks
Complete ozone system

21 4 October 2005
 22

Installation example

Scope included:

•Turn key containerized

ozone unit of 20 kg/h
@ 12 wt%
•Incl. integrated
pump/injection system
•Built in PLC control
and Power supply unit
•Incl. antifoam dosing
unit, control air
compressor, air
conditioning
•Outdoor reaction tanks

22 4 October 2005
 23

Example for realized Projekt

PROJECT: KALUNDBORG

COD Removal

23 4 October 2005
 24
- Kalundborg, DK -

Target: COD removal WEDECO scope:

Waste water origin: 50% municipality
Kalundborg, 50% NOVO Nordisk
Flow: 1200 m³/h, COD < 70 mg/l
24 4 October 2005
Ozone generation, introduction and reaction
system, PLC and SCADA system, cooling water
supply, piping, cabling, start up and
commissioning
 25
Equipment

25 4 October 2005
 26

Ozone for Drinking Water

26 4 October 2005
 27
Drinking Water Treatment

Why Ozone in drinking water ?

¾ Improvement of coagulation process
¾ Oxidation of metals as iron and manganese,
¾ Taste and odor removal
¾ Color removal
¾ Algae Removal
¾ Oxidation of organic matters and micropollutants
¾ Disinfection
¾ Avoiding THM formation

27 4 October 2005
 28
Typical old design of DWTP

pre- oxidation chemicals

(Chlorine)

rawwater

flocculation basin sedimentation sand filtration

basin

Final desinfection
(Chlorine)

clear water tank

28 4 October 2005
 29
Problems of old DWTP

Main potential problems:

¾ Undesirable impact on taste and odours

¾ Insufficient color removal
¾ Insufficient disinfection (Cryptosporidium, Giardia, viruses..)
¾ THM formation with chlorination of organic matters

Water often not compliant with regulations

(THM < 10 µg/l)

29 4 October 2005
 30
Advanced DWTP
chemicals
Pre-oxidation
OZONE

rawwater

ozone contact flocculation basin sedimentation

tank basin

Final desinfection
Main-oxidation
UV / CHLORINE OZONE

Sand filtration ozone contact

clear water tank
tank
30 4 October 2005
 31
Advanced DWTP with BAC
chemicals
Pre-oxidation
OZONE

rawwater

ozone contact flocculation sedimentation sand filtration

tank basin basin

Final desinfection
Main-oxidation
UV / CHLORINE OZONE

clear water tank GAC / BAC fllter ozone contact

tank

31 4 October 2005
 32
Pre-Ozonation

Pre-oxidation
OZONE
Applications:
¾1. Improving coagulation (impact on colloids and SS)
¾2. Iron & manganese oxidation
¾3. Taste and odor control
¾4. Color removal
¾5. Disinfection
¾6. THM pre-cursor oxidation
Pre-oxidation in combination with
Flocculation and/or Sandfiltration
32 4 October 2005
 33
Pre-Ozonation

1. IMPROVED COAGULATION

– ozone produces polar molecules resulting in

increased particle sizes Æ improved
sedimentation! Æ reduction of organic matter!
– Result: improved efficiency of coagulation, savings
on chemicals and running costs

– Ozone dosage: 1,0 – 2,0 gO3/m³

33 4 October 2005
 34
Pre-Ozonation

2. IRON AND MANGANESE OXIDATION

– Ozone transforms soluble salts into insoluble
oxides or hydroxides
– Metal hydroxides can be removed easily on
sand filters
– Organic bounded Iron/Manganese cannot be
oxidised by air or oxygen aeration
– Chlorine doesn’t oxidize manganese

– Ozone dosage: 0,5 – 2,0 gO3/m³

34 4 October 2005
 35
Pre-Ozonation

3. TASTE AND ODOUR CONTROL

Taste and odour often come from Chlorination of
natural organic compounds: phenol, hydrogen
sulfide, algae,...
– Chlorine + Phenol = taste + toxic compound
– Oxydation of organics by ozone:
– non toxic compounds
– no taste and odour

– Ozone dosage: 0,5 – 2,0 gO3/m³

35 4 October 2005
 36
Pre-Ozonation

4. COLOR REMOVAL
– Color in surface water comes from natural
organic matters (humic, fulvic, tannic acids,…)
– These matters have often carbon-carbon
double bonds
– Ozone is known as strong double bond reagent
(POTABLE AND WASTE WATER)

– Ozone dosage: 2,0 – 4,0 g/m³ (up to 10 gO3/m³)

36 4 October 2005
 37
Pre-Ozonation

5. Disinfection

¾Ozone destroys the bacteria cell wall.

¾For a sufficient disinfection it is necessary to penetrate
micro-organisms with a certain concentration (mg/l)
within a certain reaction time (minutes). This C∗T index
is a very important figure.

¾Ozone dosages: bacteria 1.0 to 3.0 mg/l

virus 3.0 to 5.0 mg/l

37 4 October 2005
 38
Pre-Ozonation

5. Disinfection
Free Chlorine UV /
Chloramine Ozone
Microorganisms Chlorine dioxide Fluence
pH 8 - 9 pH 6 - 7
pH 6 - 7 pH 6 - 7 mJ/cm²
E.coli 0.034 - 95 - 180 0.4 - 0.75 0.02 8
0.05
Polio 1 1.1 - 2.5 770 - 3740 0.2 - 6.7 0.1 - 0.2 28

Rotavirus 0.01 - 0.05 3810 - 6480 0.2 - 2.1 0.006 - 35

0.06

Gardia lambia cyst 47 to 150 _ _ 0.5 - 0.6 _

Gardia muris cyst 30 to 630 1400 7.2 - 18.5 1.8 - 2.0 10

CT in mg•min/L for 2 Log unit inactivation in water at 5°C

38 4 October 2005
 39
Pre-Ozonation

6. THM´s (TroHaloMethanes)

- THM are molecules produced from reaction of

chlorine with organic compounds (Precursors).

- THMs have potential adverse health effects.

39 4 October 2005
 40
Pre-Ozonation

6.1 Different THM-precursors: 6.2 Different THM´s

+CL2
- Resorcinol – Chloroform
- Anilin – Bromoform
- Phenols and – Bromodichloromethan
polyphenols – Dibromochloromethan
- Benzoïc acid – Chloro, dichloro and trichloro
- Salycilic aldehyd acetic acids
– Bromo, dibromo and tribromo
acetonitrils
– Chloro and bromo propanes,
Ozone destroys the precursors!
precursors chloro and bromo
nitromethans
40 4 October 2005
 41
Pre-Ozonation

– As soon as THM´s are produced, it is too late

as they are difficult to remove

Æ We have to avoid THM formation!

Æ We have to destroy the Precursors

How ?
By replacing pre chlorination by OZONATION.

41 4 October 2005
 42
Advanced DWTP with BAC
chemicals
Pre-oxidation
OZONE

rawwater

ozone contact flocculation basin sedimentation sand filtration

tank basin

Final desinfection
Main-oxidation
UV / CHLORINE OZONE

clear water tank GAC / BAC fllter ozone contact

tank

42 4 October 2005
 43
Main-Ozonation

Main-oxidation
OZONE
Applications:
¾ Reduction of dissolved organic material
¾ Taste and odor control (see pre-ozonation)
¾ Color removal (see pre-ozonation)
¾ THM-precursor oxidation (see pre-ozonation)
¾ Disinfection (see pre-ozonation)

Main-ozonation in combination with Sandfilter or GAC/BAC!

43 4 October 2005
 44
Main-Ozonation

Ozonation of organic matter in combination with

Biological-Activated-Carbon Filters (BAC):

– Ozone break large organic molecules into

smaller molecules Æ more biodegradable
– Biofilm inside the active carbon filter removes
cracked organics.
– Main active biofilm is fixed inside the carbon
particle Æ no removal after backwashing !
– Ozone dosage = 1,5 – 4,0 g/m³

44 4 October 2005
 45
Treatment goals for Ozon

Oxidation with ozone for Oxidation with ozone for

wastewater treatment Drinking water
z COD-reduction Improvement of coagulation
process
z AOX-reduction
Oxidation of metals as iron and
z Reduction of toxic substances in manganese,
Taste and odor removal
water, e.g.: Cyanides, Pesticides,
Color removal
z Decoloration / Desodoration Reduction of dissolved organic
material and Algae Removal
z Desinfection
Oxidation of organic matters and
z Improvement of biodegradability micropollutants
Disinfection
Avoiding THM formation
45 4 October 2005
 46
WEDECO REPRESENTANT ROMANIA

SIFEE ACTION SRL

SIBIU, ROMANIA
Str. Mihai Viteazu F.N.
557260, Selimbar, SIBIU
Tel: + 40 269 560080 / 560335 / 560552
Fax: + 40 269 560525
e-mail: sifee@sifee.ro si tehnic@sifee.ro
web: www.sifee.ro

46 4 October 2005
 47
WEDECO – MESSER

Keep it clear
and keep it
flowing

47 4 October 2005