Data Collection Methods

A. Observation
- occurs whenever the nurse is in contact with the client or support persons
- gather data by using the 5 senses

B. Interviewing
- structured form of communication that the nurse uses to collect data or a
conversation with a purpose

2 Approaches
1. Directive
2. Non- directive

Directive - structured and elicits specific information

- used to gather and to give information in a limit amount of time

Non-directive - rapport building interview

- uses open- ended questions, used for problem- solving counseling and
performance appraisal
(Rapport- is an understanding between 2 or more people)

Kinds of Interview Questions:

1. Closed question- used in directive interview, restrictive and generally require
Only short answers- giving specific information
2. Open-ended questions - non-directive interview
- lead clients to explore their thoughts and feelings
disadvantages. The client may spend time conveying
irrelevant information.
3. Neutral Questions – question that the client can answer without direction or
pressure from the nurse
- is open-ended, and is used in non-directive interviews
4. Leading Questions – is usually closed, used in directive interview and thus
Directs client’s answer

Some hints to make patient comfortable before beginning the nursing history:

a. Assess for pain

b. Offer the patient an opportunity to go to the bathroom or make a call
c. Offer some beverages is medically permitted
d. Sit-down- during interview- eye level
Planning the Interview and Setting:

1. Time
2. Place- privacy
3. Seating arrangement- 45 degree angle to the bed
4. Distance-3 to 4 ft. apart
5. Language

Stages of Interview

1. The opening /introduction

steps: a. establishing rapport
b. orienting the interviewee
2. The body
3. The closing