O Cálculo com Geometria Analítica - Vol I - 3ª Edição

Louis Leithold

Capítulo III
A derivada e a derivação
Exercícios 3.3

Teoremas sobre derivação de funções algébricas

Resolvido por Nelson Poerschke

De 01 a 24, derive a função dada, aplicando os teoremas da secção 3.3.

01. 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 − 5

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (7𝑥) − 𝐷𝑥 (5) = 7

02. 𝑔(𝑥) = 8 − 3𝑥

𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (8) − 𝐷𝑥 (3𝑥) = −3

03. 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2

𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (1) − 𝐷𝑥 (2𝑥) − 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) = −2 − 2𝑥

04. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (4𝑥 2 ) + 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥) − 𝐷𝑥 (1) = 8𝑥 + 1

05. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 3 ) − 𝐷𝑥 (3𝑥 2 ) + 𝐷𝑥 (5𝑥) − 𝐷𝑥 (2) = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5

06. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 2 + 1

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (3𝑥 4 ) − 𝐷𝑥 (5𝑥 2 ) + 𝐷𝑥 (1) = 12𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 + 5

1
07. 𝑓(𝑥) = 8 𝑥 8 − 𝑥 4

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (8 𝑥 8 ) − 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 4 ) = 𝑥 7 − 4𝑥 3

1 1
07. 𝐹(𝑡) = 4 𝑡 4 − 2 𝑡 2

1 1
𝐹 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑡 (4 𝑡 4 ) − 𝐷𝑡 (2 𝑡 2 ) = 𝑡 3 − 𝑡
 4
11. 𝑣(𝑟) = 3 𝜋𝑟 3

4
𝑣 ′ (𝑟) = 𝐷𝑟 (3 𝜋𝑟 3 ) = 4𝜋𝑟 2

1
15. 𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 4

1 1 1
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (4𝑥 4 ) − 𝐷𝑥 (4𝑥 4 ) = 𝐷𝑥 (4𝑥 4 ) + 𝐷𝑥 (− 4 𝑥 −4 ) = 16𝑥 3 + 𝑥 −5 = 16𝑥 3 + 𝑥 5

16. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 5 + 𝑥 −2 + 4𝑥 −4

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 4 ) − 𝐷𝑥 (5) + 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 −2 ) + 𝐷𝑥 (4𝑥 −4 ) = 4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 −3 − 16𝑥 −5

3 5
17. 𝑔(𝑥) = +
𝑥2 𝑥4

3 5 6 20
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) + 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 4 ) = 𝐷𝑥 (3𝑥 −2 ) + 𝐷𝑥 (5𝑥 −4 ) = −6𝑥 −3 − 20𝑥 −5 = − 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 5

5
18. 𝐻(𝑥) = 6𝑥 5

5 5 25 25
𝐻 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (6𝑥 5 ) = 𝐷𝑥 (6 𝑥 −5 ) = 𝐷𝑥 (− 𝑥 −6 ) = − 6𝑥 6
6

20. 𝑔(𝑥) = (2𝑥 2 + 5)(4𝑥 − 1)

Usando a regra da soma:

𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (8𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 − 5) = 24𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 20

Usando a regra do produto:

𝑔′ (𝑥) = (2𝑥 2 + 5)𝐷𝑥 (4𝑥 − 1) + (4𝑥 − 1)𝐷𝑥 (2𝑥 2 + 5) =

𝑔′ (𝑥) = (2𝑥 2 + 5)(4) + (4𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥) = (8𝑥 2 + 20) + (16𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) = 24𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 20

21. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 4 − 1)(5𝑥 3 + 6𝑥)

Usando a regra do produto:

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (2𝑥 4 − 1)𝐷𝑥 (5𝑥 3 + 6𝑥) + (5𝑥 3 + 6𝑥)𝐷𝑥 (2𝑥 4 − 1) =

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (2𝑥 4 − 1)(15𝑥 2 + 6) + (5𝑥 3 + 6𝑥)(8𝑥 3 ) =

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (30𝑥 6 + 12𝑥 4 − 15𝑥 2 − 6) + (40𝑥 6 + 48𝑥 4 ) =

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (70𝑥 6 + 60𝑥 4 − 15𝑥 2 − 6)

22. 𝑓(𝑥) = (4𝑥 2 + 3)2 .

Usando a regra do produto:

𝑓(𝑥) = (4𝑥 2 + 3)(4𝑥 2 + 3)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (4𝑥 2 + 3)𝐷𝑥 (4𝑥 2 + 3) + (4𝑥 2 + 3)𝐷𝑥 (4𝑥 2 + 3) =

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (4𝑥 2 + 3)(8𝑥) + (4𝑥 2 + 3)(8𝑥) = 32𝑥 3 + 24𝑥 + 32𝑥 3 + 24𝑥 = 64𝑥 3 + 48𝑥
23. 𝐺(𝑦) = (7 − 3𝑦 2 )2.

Usando a regra do produto:

𝐺(𝑦) = (7 − 3𝑦 3 )(7 − 3𝑦 3 )

𝐺 ′ (𝑦) = (7 − 3𝑦 3 )𝐷𝑦 (7 − 3𝑦 3 ) + (7 − 3𝑦 3 )𝐷𝑦 (7 − 3𝑦 3 ) =

𝐺 ′ (𝑦) = (7 − 3𝑦 3 )(−9𝑦 2 ) + (7 − 3𝑦 3 )(−9𝑦 2 ) = −63𝑦 2 + 27𝑦 5 − 63𝑦 2 + 27𝑦 5 =

= −126𝑦 2 + 54𝑦 5 = −18𝑦 2 (7 − 3𝑦 3 )

24. 𝐹(𝑡) = (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 1)(2𝑡 2 + 3𝑡).

Usando a regra do produto:

𝐹 ′ (𝑡) = (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 1)𝐷𝑡 (2𝑡 2 + 3𝑡) + (2𝑡 2 + 3𝑡)𝐷𝑡 (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 1) =

𝐹 ′ (𝑡) = (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 + 1)(4𝑡 + 3) + (2𝑡 2 + 3𝑡)(3𝑡 2 − 2) =

𝐹 ′ (𝑡) = (4𝑡 4 + 3𝑡 3 − 8𝑡 2 − 6𝑡 + 4𝑡 + 3) + (6𝑡 4 − 4𝑡 2 + 9𝑡 3 − 6𝑡) =

𝐹 ′ (𝑡) = (10𝑡 4 + 12𝑡 3 − 12𝑡 2 − 8𝑡 + 3)

De 25 a 36, calcule a derivada indicada, aplicando os teoremas da secção 3.3.

Usando a regra do quociente:

2𝑥
26. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥+3).

2𝑥 (𝑥+3)𝐷𝑥 (2𝑥)−(2𝑥)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥+3) (𝑥+3)(2)−(2𝑥)(1) 2𝑥+6−2𝑥 6

𝐷𝑥 (𝑥+3) = = = = (𝑥+3)2.
(𝑥+3)2 (𝑥+3)2 (𝑥+3)2

𝑥
27. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥−1).

𝑥 (𝑥−1)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥)−(𝑥)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥−1) (𝑥−1)(1)−(𝑥)(1) 𝑥−1−𝑥 −1

𝐷𝑥 (𝑥−1) = = = (𝑥−1)2 = (𝑥−1)2
(𝑥−1)2 (𝑥−1)2

2𝑦+1
28. 𝐷𝑦 (3𝑦+4).

2𝑦+1 (3𝑦+4)𝐷𝑦 (2𝑦+1)−(2𝑦+1)𝐷𝑦 (3𝑦+4) (3𝑦+4)(2)−(2𝑦+1)(3) 6𝑦+8−6𝑦−3 5

𝐷𝑦 ( )= = = = .
3𝑦+4) (3𝑦+4)2 (3𝑦+4)2 (3𝑦+4)2 (3𝑦+4)2

𝑑 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1
29. 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1).

𝑑 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1 (𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1)−(𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1) (𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1)(2𝑥+2)−(𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1)(2𝑥−2)

( )= =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1 (𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1)2 (𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1)2

(𝑥−1)2 (2𝑥+2)−(𝑥+1)2 (2𝑥−2) (𝑥−1)2 2(𝑥+1)−(𝑥+1)2 2(𝑥−1) 2(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1)[(𝑥−1)−(𝑥+1)]

= = =
[(𝑥−1)2 ]2 [(𝑥−1)2 ]2 (𝑥−1)4 3

2(𝑥+1)(−2) −4(𝑥+1)
(𝑥−1)3
= (𝑥−1)3
 𝑑 4−3𝑥−𝑥 2
30. 𝑑𝑥 ( ).
𝑥−2

𝑑 4−3𝑥−𝑥 2 (𝑥−2)𝐷𝑥 (4−3𝑥−𝑥 2 )−(4−3𝑥−𝑥 2 )𝐷𝑥 (𝑥−2) (𝑥−2)(−3−2𝑥)−(4−3𝑥−𝑥 2 )(1)

( )= (𝑥−2)2
= (𝑥−2)2
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥−2

(−3𝑥−2𝑥 2 +6+4𝑥)−(4−3𝑥−𝑥 2 ) −3𝑥−2𝑥 2 +6+4𝑥−4+3𝑥+𝑥 2

= (𝑥−2)2
= (𝑥−2)2
=

4𝑥−𝑥 2 +2 −𝑥 2 +4𝑥+2
= (𝑥−2)2
= (𝑥−2)2

𝑑 5𝑡
31. 𝑑𝑡 (1+𝑡 2 ).

𝑑 5𝑡 (1+2𝑡 2 )𝐷𝑡 (5𝑡)−(5𝑡)𝐷𝑡 (1+2𝑡 2 ) (1+2𝑡 2 )(5)−(5𝑡)(4𝑡) 5+10𝑡 2 −20𝑡 2 5−10𝑡 2

( )= = = = (1+𝑡 2 )2
𝑑𝑡 1+2𝑡 2 (1+2𝑡 2 )2 (1+𝑡 2 )2 (1+𝑡 2 )2

𝑑 𝑥 4 −2𝑥 2 +5𝑥+1
32. 𝑑𝑥 ( ).
𝑥4

𝑑 𝑥 4 −2𝑥 2 +5𝑥+1 𝑑 𝑥4 2𝑥 2 5𝑥 1
𝑑𝑥
( 𝑥4
) = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 4 − 𝑥4
+ 𝑥4 + 𝑥4) =

𝑑
{1 − [(2𝑥 2 )(𝑥 −4 )] + [(5𝑥)(𝑥 −4 )] + 𝑥 −4 } =
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 4𝑥 2 −15𝑥−4
(1 − 2𝑥 −2 + 5𝑥 −3 + 𝑥 −4 ) = 4𝑥 −3 − 15𝑥 −4 − 4𝑥 −5 = 𝑥 −5 (4𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 − 4) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥5

𝑑 𝑦 3 −8
33. 𝑑𝑦 (𝑦 3 +8).

𝑑 𝑦 3 −8 (𝑦 3 +8)𝐷𝑦 (𝑦3 −8)−(𝑦3 −8)𝐷𝑦 (𝑦 3 +8) (𝑦 3 +8)(3𝑦 2 )−(𝑦3 −8)(3𝑦 2 ) 3𝑦 5 +24𝑦 2 −3𝑦 5 +24𝑦 2 48𝑦 2
(
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 3 +8
) = (𝑦 3 −8)2
= (𝑦 3 −8)2
= (𝑦 3 −8)2
= (𝑦3 −8)2

𝑑 𝑠2 −𝑎2
34. 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠2 +𝑎2 ).

𝑑 𝑠2 −𝑎2 (𝑠2 +𝑎2 )𝐷𝑠 (𝑠2 −𝑎2 )−(𝑠2 −𝑎2 )𝐷𝑠 (𝑠2 +𝑎2 ) (𝑠2 +𝑎2 )(2𝑠)−(𝑠2 −𝑎2 )(2𝑠)
( )= =
𝑑𝑠 𝑠2 +𝑎2 (𝑠2 +𝑎2 )2 (𝑠2 +𝑎2 )2

(2𝑠3 +2𝑎2 𝑠)−(2𝑠3 −2𝑎2 𝑠) 4𝑎2 𝑠

= (𝑠2 +𝑎2 )2
(𝑠2 +𝑎2 )2

2𝑥+1
35. 𝐷𝑥 [ 𝑥+5 (3𝑥 − 1)].

2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1

𝐷𝑥 [ 𝑥+5 (3𝑥 − 1)] = ( 𝑥+5 ) 𝐷𝑥 (3𝑥 − 1) + (3𝑥 − 1)𝐷𝑥 ( 𝑥+5 ) =

2𝑥+1 (𝑥+5)𝐷𝑥 (2𝑥+1)−(2𝑥+1)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥+5)

= ( 𝑥+5 ) (3) + (3𝑥 − 1) ( (𝑥+5)2
)=

6𝑥+3 (𝑥+5)(2)−(2𝑥+1)(1) 6𝑥+3 2𝑥+10−2𝑥−1

= + (3𝑥 − 1) ( (𝑥+5)2
)= + (3𝑥 − 1) (𝑥+5)2
=
𝑥+5 𝑥+5

6𝑥+3 9 6𝑥+3 27𝑥−9 6𝑥 2 +33𝑥+15+27𝑥−9 6𝑥 2 +60𝑥+6 6(𝑥 2 +10𝑥+1)

= + (3𝑥 − 1) (𝑥+5)2 = + (𝑥+5)2 = (𝑥+5)2
= (𝑥+5)2
= (𝑥+5)2
𝑥+5 𝑥+5
 𝑥 3 +1
36. 𝐷𝑥 [𝑥 2 +3 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −1 + 1)].

𝑥 3 +1 𝑥 3 +1 𝑥 3 +1
𝐷𝑥 [𝑥 2 +3 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −1 + 1)] = (𝑥 2 +3) 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −1 + 1) + (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −1 + 1)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 +3)

𝑥 3 +1 (𝑥 2 +3)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥3 +1)−(𝑥 3 +1)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 +3)

= (𝑥 2 +3) 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −1 + 1) + (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −1 + 1)𝐷𝑥 ( (𝑥 2 +3)2
)

𝑥 3 +1 (𝑥 2 +3)(3𝑥 2 )−(𝑥 3 +1)(2𝑥)

= (𝑥 2 +3) (2𝑥 + 2𝑥 −2 ) + (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −1 + 1) ( (𝑥 2 +3)2
)

2𝑥 4 +4𝑥+2𝑥 −2 3𝑥 4 +9𝑥 2 −2𝑥 4 −2𝑥

= + (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −1 + 1) ( )
𝑥 2 +3 (𝑥 2 +3)2

2𝑥 4 +4𝑥+2𝑥 −2 𝑥 4 +9𝑥 2 −2𝑥

= + (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −1 + 1) ( )
𝑥 2 +3 (𝑥 2 +3)2

2𝑥 4 +4𝑥+2𝑥 −2 𝑥 6 +9𝑥 4 −2𝑥3 −2𝑥 3 −18𝑥+4+𝑥 4 +9𝑥 2 −2𝑥

= +
𝑥 2 +3 (𝑥 2 +3)2

2𝑥 4 +4𝑥+2𝑥 −2 𝑥 6 +10𝑥 4 −4𝑥3 +9𝑥 2 −20𝑥+4

= + =
𝑥 2 +3 (𝑥 2 +3)2

3𝑥 6 +16𝑥 4 +9𝑥 2 −8𝑥+6𝑥 −2 +6 𝑥 −2 (3𝑥 8 +16𝑥 6 +9𝑥 4 −8𝑥 3 +6+6𝑥2

= (𝑥 2 +3)2
= (𝑥 2 +3)2

(3𝑥 8 +16𝑥 6 +9𝑥 4 −8𝑥 3 +6𝑥 2 +6

= 𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 +3)2

37. Ache uma equação da reta tangente à curva 𝑦 = 𝑥³ − 4 no ponto (2, 4).

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4

𝑓′(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2

𝑓 ′ (2) = 3(2)2 = 3.4 = 12

𝑚 = 12

𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) ⇒ 𝑦 − 4 = 12(𝑥 − 2) ⇒ 𝑦 − 4 = 12𝑥 − 24

−12𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 + 24 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 12𝑥 − 20

38. Ache uma equação da reta normal à curva 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 8 no ponto (1, − 4).

𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 − 8

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 8𝑥

𝑓 ′ (1) = 8(1) = 8

𝑚=8
1
𝑚1 = − 8

1 1 1
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) ⇒ 𝑦 + 4 = − (𝑥 − 1) ⇒ 𝑦+4=− 𝑥+
8 8 8

1 1 𝑥 31
𝑥+𝑦+4−8 =0 ⇒ 𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 32 − 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦=8−
8 8
 10
39. Ache uma equação da reta normal à curva 𝑦 = 14−𝑥 2 no ponto (4, − 5).

10
𝑓(𝑥) = 14−𝑥 2

(14−𝑥 2 )𝐷𝑥 (10)−(10)𝐷𝑥 (14−𝑥 2 ) −10(−2𝑥) 20𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (14−𝑥 2 )2
= (14−𝑥 2 )2
= (14−𝑥 2 )2

20(4) 80 80 80
𝑓 ′ (4) = (14−42 )2 = (14−16)2 = (−2)2 = = 20
4

𝑚 = 20
1
𝑚1 = − 20

1 1 4
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) ⇒ 𝑦 + 5 = − 20 (𝑥 − 4) ⇒ 𝑦 + 5 = − 20 𝑥 + 20

1 4 𝑥 96
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 − 20 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 + 20𝑦 + 100 − 4 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = − 20 − 20
20

8
40. Ache uma equação da reta tangente à curva 𝑦 = no ponto (2, 1).
𝑥 2 +4

8
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +4

8 (𝑥 2 +4)𝐷𝑥 (8)−(8)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 +4) −8(2𝑥) −16𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 𝑥 2 +4 = (𝑥 2 +4)2
= (𝑥 2 +4)2 = (𝑥 2 +4)2

−16(2) −32 −32 −32 1

𝑓 ′ (2) = (22 +4)2 = (4+4)2 = (8)2 = = −2
64

1
𝑚 = −2

1 1
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) ⇒ 𝑦 − 1 = − 2 (𝑥 − 2) ⇒ 𝑦 − 1 = −2𝑥 + 1

1 𝑥
𝑥+𝑦−1−1 =0 ⇒ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = −2 +4
2

41. Ache uma equação da reta tangente à curva 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 e paralela à reta 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3 = 0.

𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) = (6𝑥 − 4)

A reta dada é: 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 ⇒ 𝑚=2

Como a reta é paralela, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2, logo:

6
6𝑥 − 4 = 2 ⇒ 6𝑥 = 2 + 4 ⇒ 𝑥=6 ⇒ 𝑥=1

𝑓(1) = 3(1)2 − 4(1) = 3 − 4 = −1

Logo, a reta tangente desejada passa por (1, −1) e sua inclinação é 2.

𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) ⇒ 𝑦 + 1 = 2(𝑥 − 1) ⇒ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3
42. Ache uma equação da reta tangente à curva 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 6𝑥 que seja perpendicular à reta 𝑥 −
2𝑦 + 6 = 0.

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 6𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 4 − 6𝑥) = (4𝑥 3 − 6)

1 1
A reta dada é: 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 ⇒ 𝑚=2

Como a reta é perpendicular, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −2, então:

3 4
4𝑥 3 − 6 = −2 ⇒ 4𝑥 3 = −2 + 6 ⇒ 𝑥 = √4 ⇒ 𝑥=1

𝑓(1) = (1)4 − 6(1) = 1 − 6 = −5

Logo, a reta tangente desejada passa por (1, −5) e sua inclinação é −2.

𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) ⇒ 𝑦 + 5 = −2(𝑥 − 1) ⇒ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 − 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 3

43. Ache uma equação de cada uma das retas normais à curva 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 que sejam paralelas à
reta 𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 8 = 0.

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 3 − 4𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 − 4)

1 1
A reta dada é: 𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 8 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 =− 𝑥+1 ⇒ 𝑚=−
8 8

Como a reta é perpendicular à curva, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 8, então:

8+4
3𝑥 2 − 4 = 8 ⇒ 𝑥=√ = ±2
3

𝑓(2) = (𝑥 3 − 4𝑥) = (2)3 − 4(2) = 8 − 8 = 0

𝑓(−2) = (𝑥 3 − 4𝑥) = (−2)3 − 4(−2) = −8 + 8 = 0

1
Logo, as reta normais desejadas passam por (±2, 0) e sua inclinação é − 8.

1 1 1
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) ⇒ 𝑦 − 0 = − 8 (𝑥 − 2) ⇒ 𝑦 = − 8 𝑥 + 4 ⇒ 𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 2 = 0

1 1 1
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) ⇒ 𝑦 − 0 = − 8 (𝑥 + 2) ⇒ 𝑦 = − 8 𝑥 − 4 ⇒ 𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 2 = 0

45. Ache uma equação de cada uma das retas que passam pelo ponto (4, 13), que sejam tangentes à
curva 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 1.

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 1

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (2𝑥 2 − 1) = (4𝑥)

(2𝑥12 −1)−13
Uma reta que passa pelos pontos 𝑃(𝑥1, 2𝑥12 − 1) e (4, 13) tem inclinação :
𝑥1 −4
 Essa reta será tangente em 𝑃 se sua inclinação for 𝑓 ′ (𝑥1 ) = 4𝑥1 .

(2𝑥12 −1)−13
Então, = 4𝑥1
𝑥1 −4

= 2𝑥12 − 14 = 4𝑥1 − 16𝑥1 ⇒ 2𝑥12 + 12𝑥1 − 14 = 0 ⇒ 2(𝑥1 + 7)(𝑥1 − 1) = 0

Assim, 𝑥1 = −7 ou 𝑥1 = 1

Agora,

𝑓(−7) = 2𝑥 2 − 1 = 2(−7)2 − 1 = 98 − 1 = 97

𝑓 ′ (−7) = (4𝑥) = 4(−7) = −28

𝑓(1) = 2𝑥 2 − 1 = 2(1)2 − 1 = 2 − 1 = 1

𝑓 ′ (1) = (4𝑥) = 4(1) = 48

Logo, as equações das retas tangentes são:

(1) 𝑦 − 97 = −28(𝑥 + 7) ⇒ 𝑦 − 97 = −28𝑥 − 196 ⇒ 28𝑥 + 𝑦 + 99 = 0

(2) 𝑦 − 1 = 4(𝑥 − 1) ⇒ 𝑦 − 1 = 4𝑥 − 4 ⇒ 4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 3 = 0

Ache a derivada das funções.

48. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 3)(2𝑥 − 5)(3𝑥 + 2)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 3)(2𝑥 − 5)𝐷𝑥 (3𝑥 + 2) + (𝑥 2 + 3)𝐷𝑥 (2𝑥 − 5)(3𝑥 + 2) + 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 3)(2𝑥 − 5)(3𝑥 + 2) =

= (𝑥 2 + 3)(2𝑥 − 5)(3) + (𝑥 2 + 3)(2)(3𝑥 + 2) + (2𝑥)(2𝑥 − 5)(3𝑥 + 2) =

= 3[(𝑥 2 + 3)(2𝑥 − 5)] + 2[(𝑥 2 + 3)(3𝑥 + 2)] + (2𝑥)[(2𝑥 − 5)(3𝑥 + 2)] =

= 3[(2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 15)] + 2[(3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 6) + (2𝑥)[(6𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 15𝑥 − 10)] =

= 3[(2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 15)] + 2[(3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 6) + (2𝑥)[(6𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 10)] =

= (6𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 45) + (6𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 12) + (12𝑥 3 − 22𝑥 2 − 20𝑥) =

= 6𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 45 + 6𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 12 + 12𝑥 3 − 22𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 =

= 24𝑥 3 − 33𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 − 33 =

50. 𝑔(𝑥) = (3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 −3 )(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 5)

𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 −3 )(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 5) + (3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 −3 )𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 5) + (3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 −3 )(𝑥 + 3)𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 5) =

𝑔′ (𝑥) = (9𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 −4 )(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 5) + (3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 −3 )(1)(𝑥 2 − 5) + (3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 −3 )(𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥) =

𝑔′ (𝑥) = (9𝑥5 + 27𝑥4 − 45𝑥3 − 135𝑥2 − 3𝑥−1 − 9𝑥−2 + 15𝑥−3 + 45𝑥−4 ) +

+(3𝑥5 + 𝑥−1 − 5𝑥−3 ) + (6𝑥5 + 18𝑥4 + 2𝑥−1 + 6𝑥−2 ) =

= 18𝑥 5 + 45𝑥 4 − 60𝑥 3 − 135𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 −2 + 10𝑥 −3 + 45𝑥 −4