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ABSTRACT: To improve the technology for drill and blast tunnel construction in Taiwan, an expert system
consisted of data bank, tool bank and decision making auxiliary system has been developed. Various tools
can be used efficiently in carrying out data collection, processing, analysis and evaluation work required in
the tunneling process. Using the successful tunnel case histories data learned from the past experiences, the
system can provide multi-expertise assistance on the decision of support system and excavation procedures to be
adopted in the construction site. The system can also provide rational estimation on the tunnel deformation under
the selected support system and construction procedure with the aid of an artificial neural network approach.
Application of the system to actual tunnel construction is given for demonstrating the capability of the system.
1 INTRODUCTION
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and production of developed geological map of
tunnel surface.
(2) Key Block Analysis System (TUN_KBL) can
be used to perform key block analysis from the
actual recorded joint information or statistically
generated joint information.
(3) Construction Decision Making Auxiliary System
(TUN_AUX) is a case history based artificial
intelligence system for making multi-expertise
recommendations on tunnel support system and
construction procedures.
(4) Tunnel Deformation Prediction System (TUN_
DEF) is an numerical analysis data based artifi-
cial neural network system for providing a rational
estimation on the tunnel deformation under vari-
ous geological and construction conditions.
(5) Tunnel Construction Simulation System (TUN_
CAD) provides numerical analysis programs for
carrying out back analysis of monitoring data and
Figure 2. Working processes of the expert system forward prediction analysis of tunnel performance
developed. by simulating the construction processes in the
field.
Table 1. Tool bank of the expert system. (6) Tunnel Safety Evaluation System (TUN_SAF)
utilizes the monitoring tunnel deformation for
Tools Main functions evaluating the safety of tunnel construction by
using a case history based empirical tunnel safety
TUN_MAP Geological Information Collecting and
criterion.
Processing
TUN_KBL Key Block Analysis (7) Construction Status Demonstration System
TUN_AUX Construction Decision-making Assistance (TUN_STA) uses the records collected during
TUN_DEF Deformation Prediction tunnel excavation, including geological informa-
TUN_CAD Construction Simulating tion, monitoring data and construction progress
TUN_SAF Tunnel Safety Evaluation records, for demonstrating the status of tunnel
TUN_STA Construction Status Demonstrating construction.
The application for some of the systems will be
demonstrated by the results of case study presented.
making in the tunnel construction processes. Figure 2
shows the working processes of the system.
The working processes contain 3 major blocks, i.e., 4 DECISION-MAKING MODULES
(1) construction data collection at the site, (2) tool bank
for various data processing, analysis, simulation and Decision-making modules include the recommen-
evaluation, and (3) decision making for support design dation of optimum tunnel support requirement and
and construction procedures recommendation, safety construction procedures, tunnel deformation estima-
evaluation and construction status demonstration. tion and safety evaluation during tunnel construction
The functions of each module in the tool bank stages. It also provides the status of tunnel construc-
are outlined in Table 1. The working process will be tion for better control of construction progress and
described further in the following sections. tunneling conditions by the tunnel engineer.
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Figure 3. Flow chart of application of rock support decision- Figure 4. Optimized chart for selecting a suitable excav-
making auxiliary system. ation procedure according to tunnel span and the strength
stress ratio.
expert system. TUN_AUX can give a multi-expertise
recommendations on the major support elements such
as the length and spacing of rock bolts, thickness of
shotcrete, size and spacing of steel sets, etc.
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Table 2. Suggested support elements predicted by the
system.
Figure 7. Geological profile of the flood diversion tunnel. Figure 9. The highly disturbed rock exposed at 2k+008.
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enhance the tunnel stability. The tunnel did not suffer
from severe unstable condition during benching, but
rather large tunnel convergence occurred with accom-
panying cracks of shotcrete in the tunnel crown area.
This is also predicted by the tunnel safety evaluation
system as shown in Figure 11.
6 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Figure 11. Potential unstable condition according to
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