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1
CE6451 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

NOTES
UNIT 1
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FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
Units and dimensions- Properties of fluids- mass density, specific weight, specific
volume, specific gravity, viscosity, compressibility, vapor pressure, surface tension and
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capillarity. Flow characteristics – concept of control volume - application of continuity
equation, energy equation and momentum equation.
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Viscosity
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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Types of fluid flow and related mathematical formulae
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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Boundary layer concepts
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Fig: Boundary layer concept

11
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Fig: Boundary layer zones
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Fig: displacement thickness illustrator diagram

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12
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Problem
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13
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Moody diagram:
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Fig: Plot of the moody diagram
Problems in flow through pipes in parallel:
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Problem 1
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15
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Problem 2
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16
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Problem 3
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18
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1
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2
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Table: Dimensions of various parameters

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Problems in Rayleigh’s method:

Problem 1
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Problem 2
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4
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Problem 3
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Problem 4
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5
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Problem 5
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6
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Problems in Buckhingam – π – Theorem:
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7
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Problem 2
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8
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Problem 3
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9
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10
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Problem 4
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11
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Dimensionless numbers:
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12
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13
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Model laws:
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Problems based on Reynold’s model law:
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Problem 2 based on Reynold’s model law:

15
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16
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Euler’s equation
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Introduction to pumps:
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Fig: Components of a Centrifugal pump

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Problems in Centrifugal pumps:
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Problem 1
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Problem 2
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Problem 3
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The above mentioned equation is used for finding the specific speed of a Centrifugal pump.
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Fig: characteristic curves of a Centrifugal pump

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Fig: main components of a Reciprocating pump
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Important formulae:
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Problems in Reciprocating pump

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Problem 1
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Problem 2:
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Fig: Ideal indicator diagram
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Fig: indicator diagram influenced by both acceleration and friction

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Problems in indicator diagram:

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Fig: Arrangement of Air vessel in a Reciprocating pump

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2
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3
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4
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Fig: Schematic of a Pelton turbine
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Fig: Velocity triangle arrangement of a Pelton turbine

Problems in Pelton turbine:
Problem 1:

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Problem 2
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6
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Problem 3
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Problem 4
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8
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Problem 5
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10
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Problems in Francis turbine:

Problem 1
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12
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Problem 2

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14
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Problems in Kaplan Turbine:

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15
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16
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17
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Fig: Types of draft tubes
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CE6451 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

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Types of fluid flow and related mathematical formulae

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Fig: Boundary layer concept

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Fig: displacement thickness illustrator diagram

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Table: Dimensions of various parameters

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Problems in Rayleigh’s method:

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Problems based on Reynold’s model law:

Problem 2 based on Reynold’s model law:

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Fig: Components of a Centrifugal pump