P r o c e e d i n g I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e , 2 0 1 3 , * , * * - * *

The 4th Green Technology Faculty of Science and Technology

Islamic of University State Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

The Potentialof Lauraceae Family as CO2 Absorber and Carbon

Storage in Purwodadi Botanic Gardens
Bagus Setiawan1, Titut Yulistyarini2, Liliek Harianie1
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology,Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang State
Islamic University
2
Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Science
e-mail: Bagong_gus@yahoo.co.id

ABSTRACT

Increased emissions of greenhouse gases in the earth it caused by deforestation, forest degradation, and
the use of various country. It is characterized by rising global temperatures and melting of polar ice.
However, these events can be mitigated by planting trees. One group of trees that have the potential as a
CO2 absorbent and store carbon reserves came from the Lauraceae.Species diversity kind of tribe found
in many LauraceaePurwodadi Botanic Garden. Method used is the census (selection) in the collection
belonging to the tree (>5meter) and analysis of biomass the model of allometric.Result there are9 genus
and 22 species as an object of research. Average mean annual increment of the Lauraceaeis 1.2 cm/year,
whilst absorption 578.979 kg CO2/year, carbon stocks 222.131 kg/year. Kind of out of the Lauraceaehave
potential to absorb CO2 and store carbon largest reserves the Litseamonopetala (2772.102 kg CO2/year,
3815.057 kg C/year), Beilschmiediaroxburghiana (1584.287 kg CO2/year, 2180.348 kg C/year), and
Cinnamomumcamphora (1468.909 kg CO2/year,2021.561 kg C/year).

Keywords: Lauraceaefamily, carbonsioxide, carbon storage

INTRODUCTION 2011).Effortsin order to tackle global warming

Global warming is a large scale climate
change caused by increasing emissions of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Estimated
to be about one-fifth of total greenhouse gas
emissions caused by deforestation and forest
degradation (Manuri et al., 2011). Emissions gas
canderived from patterns of human life that a lot
of fossil fuel technology, automotive, and power
plant (R and S, 2008). This has led to global
warming with a marked increase in the
temperature of the earth (Winarso, 2011).
Independent research shows that
Indonesia besides being one of the largest
greenhouse gas emitter in theworld, is also a
country affected by recent changes climate.
Therefore, the Indonesian goverment is strongly
committed to reducing CO2 as much as
emissions 26 % until 2020 (Manuri et al.,
by planting tree. Tree can reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by the turn CO2 into other compounds
and store the carbon in the long term. Process of
absorption and carbon stock in the plant body
through the process of photosynthesis (Hairiyah
and Rahayu, 2007). So to describe the amount of
CO2in the atmosphere can be determined via
measurement of tree biomass.
Types and diversity of tree has a role
differentcapacities to absorb and accumulate
carbon.Effort determine the role of capacity on
each tree can be carried out at the Technical
Implementation Unit (UPT) Purwodadi Botanic
Garden, as one of its tasks is plant.One of
theinventory of collectionplant in Indonesia is
PurwodadiBotanic Garden which has a
collection of 1.923 species, 928 genuses, and
174tribes.Part of large collection Purwodadi

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 Bagus Setiawan et al. * (2013) **-**
Botanic Gardens is form of tree one of the
Lauraceae.
Lauraceaeis the kind stature of
tree.Tribehas a characteristic aroma which have
essential on the part ofbody.Lauraceae has 43
genuses and 3000 specimens (Kerrigan and
Dixon, 2011).Majorityof members of a
Lauraceae native plant habitats ranging
Indonesia.Distribution of South Sulawesi, North
Sulawesi, Maluku, Java, and Sumatra.
Lauraceaetall can reach 45 feet in diameter 300
cm. In terms of the potential growthLauraceae, it
can be estimated potential CO2 sequestration and
storing large amounts of carbon. When viewed
from directly in terms of the role of the
Lauraceae has great potential. Such as
reforestation plants Cinnamomumburmannii
Forestry department. C. cassia and Litsea sp. as
spices and oils atsiri.C .culilawan as medicine,
timber C. javanicum as home building materials,
Eusideroxylonzwageri as the strongest building
materials and wood (iron wood) wood
insecticide, used his Perseaamericana (Heyne,
1987). The presence of trees in the forest and
outside forest has a huge potential to play a role
in the global carbon cycle and can reduce global
warming.
Diversity of the members of the
Lauraceaepretty much in the PurwodadiBotanic
Garden Pasuruan. Most are classified as trees
and more than ten years old. The purpose of this
study was to determine the potential for some
kind of Lauraceae as the uptake and storage of
carbon in the PurwodadiBotanical Gardens.
Research on absorption of carbon reserves and
deposits of Lauraceae needs to be done in order
to reduce global warming.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was conducted in July 2013 at
the PurwodadiBotanic Garden Pasuruan.
PurwodadiBotanic Garden be administratively
Surabaya-Malang Highway Km. District 65
Purwodadi, Pasuruan in East Java, the area
under 85 hectare.PurwodadiBotanic Garden is at
a height of 300 meters above sea level, flat to
undulating topography. Based on data
241
Climatology at the PurwodadiBotanic Garden
until June 2013, the average minimum
temperature is 20.8 0C, the average maximum
temperature of 29.5 0C, the highest rainfall in
April reached 355 mm, the lowest rainfall in
June, 10.3 mm and humidity range 79-82 %RH.
The tools used in this study is a
stationery, ruler, measuring tape length of 150
cm, calipers, calculator, camera, tally sheet,
scissors plants, and board chest. The material
used is a collection of tribeLauraceae plants and
catalogue "An Alphabetical List of Plant Species
Cultivated in Purwodadi Botanic Garden".
The method used in this study is census. The
Methodis used to determine the species of
Lauraceae in the form of trees (>5 meters).
Biomass plant calculated using model
allometric.
The procedure begins with the
observational studies in the Lauraceae VAK
XVIII A and B. However, the study only in the
VAK XVIII B as a collection of many types of
Lauraceae tree. In addition, some species also
grow in VAK IIA, III B, VF, and the small
amount.Do IIIH census (selection) large trees
and old enough based on books
PurwodadiBotanic garden collection, note the
date plant.To know the age of the plant can be
the difference between the time of planting to
the time of measurement.
Amount of each type taken 1 to 5
specimens.Data biomass is obtained by
measuring the diameter at breast height (DBH).
Measurement average diameter increment (mean
annual increment) can be done by dividing the
diameter and age.Next was calculated biomass,
plant biomass is calculated by allometric
equations. Plants that have a density provisions
contained in the list of Global Wood Density
database contained in Table 2. There are some
types that do not have the density that is not
written in the table.
 Bagus Setiawan et al. * (2013) **-**

Table 2.Mass provision of Plants Used

Species Massa Refrence
Cinnamomumburmannii 0.46 Seng, 1951 in
Soewarsono, 1990
Cinnamomumcamphora 0.49938 Cheng, Yang, and
Liu, 1992
Cinnamomuminers 0.564816 Anonymous, 1974
Cinnamomumsintoc 0.38 Seng, 1951 in
Soewarsono, 1990
Cinnamomumverum 0.497658 Anonymous, 1974
Litsea firma 0.34 Lemmens et al.,
1995
Litseaglutinosa 0.56 Seng, 1951 in
Soewarsono, 1990
Litseamonopetala 0.41 Seng, 1951 in
Soewarsono, 1990
Figure 1. XVIII B VAK location in the PurwodadiBotanic Litseanoronhae 0.5 Seng, 1951 in
Garden Soewarsono, 1990
Persea americana 0.6 Little dan
Table 1.Model allometric Wadesworth., 1964
Types Model Refrence Actinodaphneglomerata 0.41 Seng, 1951 in
Allometrik Soewarsono, 1990
Biomass 0.11 × ρ × D2,62 Ketterings, et al., 2001
(Kg) RESULT
Biomass* 0.118 D2.53 Hairiyah and Rahayu,
2007 Species diversity from Lauraceaein the
Serapan CO2 C × 3.67 Morikawa, Purwodadi Botanic Garden consists of 13
2003;Usmadi,et al., genuses, 33 species and 313 specimens.
2011
Karbontersimpan Biomass × 0.46 Yuliasmara and Highways include: Actinodaphne, Alseodaphne,
Wibawa, 2007 Beilschmiedia, Cinnamomum, Cryptocarya,
Description: Dehaasia, Endiandra, Eusideroxylon, Lindera,
ρ: density of wood (g/cm3) Litsea, Neolitsea, Nothaphoebe, and Persea.
D: diameter of plants (cm) Clan that has a diversity of species and the most
*: Biomass mass of unknown species that Cinnamomumand
Litsea.Cinnamomumconsists of 7 species and
Litsea consists of 11 species.
Based on the selection result obtained 9
genus and 22 species of Lauraceae rate as the
object of measurement data obtained research.
result diameter increment, biomass, CO2 uptake,
and carbon storage are presented in the take
below.

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 Bagus Setiawan et al. * (2013) **-**

Table 3.Mean annual increment, biomass, CO2 uptake, and carbon stock of 22 typesfrom Lauraceae
Mean Annual
Biomass Carbon Stock
No Species Increment CO2Uptake(kg/year)
(kg/year) (kg/year)
(cm/year)
1 Litseamonopetala 1.382 2259.837 3815.057 1039.525
2 Beilschmiediaroxburghiana 0.602 1291.522 2180.348 594.1
3 Cinnamomumcamphora 1.514 1197.466 2021.561 550.834
4 Cinnamomuminers 2.342 1164.323 1965.613 535.589
5 Cinnamomumverum 0.877 1013.896 1711.66 466.392
6 Cinnamomumsintoc 2.097 479.865 810.107 331.107
7 Actinodaphneangustifolia 1.298 533.192 900.134 245.268
8 Linderaagregata 0.707 371.445 627.074 170.865
9 Litseaengleriana 1.637 329.546 556.339 151.591
10 Neolitsea cassia 2.254 329.011 555.437 151.345
11 Cryptocaryabrevipes 1.111 324.067 547.089 149.071
12 Perseaamericana 0.703 214.502 362.122 98,671
13 Cinnamomumlaevigata 1.791 154.407 260.67 71.027
14 Nothaphoebeumbelliflora 0.701 152.349 257.196 70.08
15 Litseaglutinosa 0.646 110.246 186.118 50.713
16 Cinnamomumburmannii 1.006 104.995 177.252 48.298
17 Litsea firma 0.772 96.647 163.159 44.458
18 Linderabibracteata 1.23 85.995 145.177 39.558
19 Actinodaphneglomerata 0.945 70.206 118.523 32.295
20 Litseaodorifera 0.687 59.47 100.394 27.356
21 Cinnamomumcelebicum 0.983 21.786 36.779 10.021
22 Litseanoronhae 1.033 18.954 31.999 8.719
Average 1.2 471.988 796.81 222.131

Diameter increment is the amount of
plant growth annually.Species of Lauraceae that
has the largest increment is Cinnamomuminers
with growth reaching 2.342 cm/year.While most
small diameter increment is
Beilschmiediaroxburghiana only 0.602
cm/year.Cinnamomuminers stem growth pattern
that is by establishing a branch at the base
trunk.The meaning the distance grows about 80-
110 cm of soil will form a branching stems that
big, so it can be expected each year stem growth
large.Mean enough kind of average growth rates
in theLauraceae each year was 1.2
cm/year.Growth was classified as slow as less
than 2 cm/year.
DISCUSSION
Value describes the amount of biomass
carbon stored in trees, especially in trunk. So
body, if the value of the biomass can be
ascertained CO2 uptake and carbon storage of
the pula.Biomass, CO2 uptake, and carbon stock
that is the largest of the Lauraceaeis
Litseamonopetala, Beilschmiediaroxburghiana,
and Cinnamomumcamphora.Thirdspecies has
the greatest value, the main factors that
determine the amount of carbon accumulation in
plants is an age old tree.More age it can be
expected to have biomass, CO2 uptake, and
carbon stock of large.age third largest such tree
is reached 36-56 years. According to Ramadhan
(2011) states that the volume low tree will be
directly proportional to the value of tree biomass
is low anyway. Comparison of the potential of
carbon content on their respective stands directly
proportional to the ratio of biomass potential.
Slow growth conditions tribe Lauraceae plant
was potentially as carbon sinks and high
storaage.If compared with
Vaticabella(Dipterocarpaceae) research (Usmadi
et al., 2011) potential of absorbing only 385.77
kg CO2/year105.21 kg C/year. So Lauraceae can
be used as replanting forests, reboisation in areas
potential carbon stock, and CO2 absorber on the
highway.
Growth factor is strongly influenced by
biotic factors such as physiological
photosynthesis.Photosynthesis activity occurs in
the leaves, but the biggest photosynthesis
proceeds distributed to the constituent

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substances trunk.Trunkhave wood better than
other parts of the tree. Substances making up the
timber cavity causing stem cells in many
composed by the composition of wood than
water, so the weight of stem biomass would be
greater (Imiliyana,et al., 2012). Other influential
factors of the abiotic enveronment.Factorthat
influence the biomass of each tree on the ground
(a different site quality). Physical condition of
the soil to determine the penetration of roots in
the soil, water retention, drainage, aeration and
plant nutrients. The physical properties of the
soil greatly affect the growth and production of
plants (Ramadhan, 2011).
As the development of engine
technology increases the amount of carbon
emissions that must be offset bytree planting
effort. This like needs to be done to reduce the
impact of global warming (Sujarwo and Darma,
2011).
CONCLUSION
Amount of species of the Lauraceae in
Purwodadi Botanic Garden consists of 13
genuses, 33 species and 313 specimens. Many
genus is namely Cinnamomum sp., and Litsea
sp.Lauraceaein PurwodadiBotanic Garden show
at a mean annual increment of 1.2 cm/year,
uptake of carbondioxide 796.81kg CO2/year,
while saving carbon stocks per tree reaching
222.131 kg C/year. Deposits highest carbon
stocks of the Lauraceaeis Litseamonopetala
(2772.102 kg CO2/year, 3815.057 kg C/year),
Beilschmiediaroxburghiana
(1584.287kgCO2/year, 2180.348kgC/year), and
Cinnamomumcamphora (1468.909 kg CO2/year,
2021.561 kg C/year).
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to thank you very much
to Mr. Matrani who have helped measurements
of tree biomass, the researchers Purwodadi
Botanical Gardens, SlametArdea, RikoAnanda
Saputra, and AnniYuniaPratiwiwhich has led
researchers in the preparation of the study.
244
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