I. Participants - are those who are involve in the communication.
a. Sender – encode their thoughts and feelings into messages through verbal symbol or non-verbal behavior. b. Receiver – they decode or process the messages and behavior sent by the sender and react to them II. Context – refers to the interrelated conditions of the communication. It consists of such factors as: a. Physical Milieu – where the communication takes place, the time of the day, the environmental conditions, distance between or among the communicators and seating arrangements b. Social Milieu – the nature of relationships existing between or among communicators c. Psychological Milieu – communicator’s mood or feelings d. Cultural Milieu – beliefs, values, and norms shared by a large group of people e. Historical Milieu – the background provided by previous communication incidents between or among the communicators and which affects understanding in the current exchange III. Messages – meanings or ideas and feelings that are encoded and sent by means of verbal and non-verbal symbols then received and decoded into one’s own ideas and feelings IV. Channels – means of accessing the message whether via visual channel (refers to light waves that carry the non verbal symbols such as facial expressions, gestures, and movements) or via the auditory channel (refers to the sound waves that carry verbal symbols such as words, vocal cues, tone, rate, pitch, and volume). V. Noise – refers to the distraction that interferes with the accurate transmission and reception of a message. These distractions can be any or all of the following: a. External Noise – sights and sounds and any other distractions in the environment b. Internal Noise – distractions within the communicator c. Semantic Noise – unintentional meanings caused by certain symbols, ethnic slurs, profanity and vulgar speech VI. Feedback – signifies non verbal responses to messages like murmurings or asides, nod and/or facial expressions. Through feedback, the sender will know whether and how his/her message is heard, seen, and understood.
Types of Communication
I. Verbal Communication – verbal or oral communication uses spoken words to
communicate a message II. Non-Verbal Communication – it includes body language, gestures, facial expressions, and even posture III. Written Communication – written communication is essential for communicating complicated information, such as statistics or other data, that could not be easily communicated through speech alone