INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE: JUDGMENT IN THE APPEAL RELATING TO THE

JURISDICTION OF THE ICAO COUNCIL (India v. Pakistan)

Source: International Legal Materials, Vol. 11, No. 5 (SEPTEMBER 1972), pp. 1080-1092
Published by: American Society of International Law; Cambridge University Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20690982
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1080

INTERNATIONAL COURT OP JUSTICE: JUDGMENT IN THE APPEAL RELATING

TO THE JURISDICTION OF THE ICAO COUNCIL (India v. Pakistan)*
[August 18, 1972]

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

1972
18 August
General List vcad icvto
No. 54 YEAR 1972

18 August 1972

APPEAL RELATING TO THE JURISDIC

OF THE ICAO COUNCIL
(INDIA v. PAKISTAN)

Appeal from decisions of the Council of the International Civil Avia

zation assuming jurisdiction in respect of an "Application" and a "C
made to it by Pakistan concerning the suspension by India, in alleg
the 1944 Chicago International Civil Aviation Convention and Inter
Services Transit Agreement, of flights of Pakistan civil aircraft
territory?Competence of the Court to entertain this appeal?Inte
the jurisdictional clauses of these instruments^-Jurisdiction of th
entertain the dispute between India and Pakistan?Question of whet
pute involved a "disagreement . . . relating to the interpretation or
of the Chicago Convention and Transit Agreement?Alleged irregul
procedure of the Council?Relevance of this question to the task o
in the present case.

JUDGMENT

Present: Vice-President Ammoun, Acting President: President Sir

Zafrulla Khan; Judges Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice, Padilla
Forster, Gros, Bengzon, Petren, Lachs, Onyeama, D
Ignacio-Pinto, de Castro, Morozov, Jimenez de Arechaga
ad hoc Nagendra Singh ; Registrar Aquarone.

*[Reproduced from the text provided by the

Justice.
[By 13 votes to 3, the Court rejected the Government of Pakistan's
objections on the question of its competence and found that it had juri
diction to entertain India's appeal. By 14 votes to 2, it held the Cou
cil of the International Civil Aviation Organization to be competent to
entertain the Application and Complaint of the Government of Pakistan,
and in consequence rejected the appeal made to the Court by India against
the decision of the Council assuming jurisdiction in those respects.
[President Zafrulla Khan and Judge Lachs appended Declarations to the
Judgment. Judges Petren, Onyeama, Dillard, de Castro and Jimenez de
Arechaga appended Separate Opinions. Judge Morozov and Judge ad hoc
Nagendra Singh appended Dissenting Opinions. None of these have been re
produced in I.L.M.]

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1092

whether the Council has jurisdiction in the case. This is an objective

question of law, the answer to which cannot depend on what occurred
before the Council. Since the Court holds that the Council did and does
have jurisdiction, then, if there were in fact procedural irregularities, the
position would be that the Council would,have reached the right con
clusion in the wrong way. Nevertheless it would have reached the right
conclusion. If, on the other hand, the Court had held that there was and
is no jurisdiction, then, even in the absence of any irregularities, the Coun
cil's decision to assume it would have stood reversed.

* * * *

46. For these reasons,

The Court,
by thirteen votes to three,
(1) rejects the Government of Pakistan's objection
its competence, and finds that it has jurisdiction
appeal;
by fourteen votes to two,
(2) holds the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization
to be competent to entertain the Application and Complaint laid
before it by the Government of Pakistan on 3 March 1971; and in
consequence, rejects the appeal made to the Court by the Govern
ment of India against the decision of the Council assuming juris
diction in those respects.

Done in English and in French, the English text being authoritative,

at the Peace Palace, The Hague, this eighteenth day of August, one
thousand nine hundred and seventy-two, in three copies, one of which
will be placed in the archives of the Court and the others transmitted
to the Government of India and to the Government of Pakistan, respec
tively.

(Signed) F. Ammoun,
Vice-President.

(Signed) S. Aquarone,
Registrar.

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