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Terrestrial
t i l Radio
R di Access
A
Network (UTRAN)
Core Network
Iu Iu
RNS RNS
UTRAN
Iur
RNC RNC
A Radio Network Subsystem (RNS) consists of a RNC, one or more Node B‘s and
optionally
ti ll one SAS (standalone
( t d l A-GPS
A GPS serving
i mobile
bil llocation
ti center)
t )
Source: 3GPP 25.401
C o r e N e tw o r k
Iu
D r if t R N S ( D R N S ) S e r v in g R N S ( S R N S )
Iu r
C e l ls
UE
Core Network
Iu Iu
RNS RNS
UTRAN
Iur
DRNC
RNC RNCSRNC
Ib
Iub Iub Iub Iub
Soft handover:
Softer handover: radio frame selection (layer 1)
UE
maximum ratio combining in SRNC (and DRNC)
in Node B
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 6
Roles of RNSs/RNCs Source: 3GPP 21.905
Serving
S i RNS (SRNS)
• A role an RNS can take with respect to a specific connection between a UE and
UTRAN
• There
Th is
i one Serving
S i RNS for f each h UE that
th t hhas a connection
ti tot UTRAN
• The Serving RNS is in charge of the RRC connection between a UE and the
UTRAN
• The
Th Serving
S i RNS terminates
t i t ththe IIu for
f thithis UE
Drift RNS (DRNS)
• A role an RNS can take with respect
p to a specific
p connection between a UE and
UTRAN
• An RNS that supports the Serving RNS with radio resources when the
connection between the UTRAN and the UE need to use cell(s) controlled by this
RNS
Controlling RNC (CRNC)
• A role an RNC can take with respect to a specific set of UTRAN access points (an
UTRAN access point is specific to a cell)
• Exactly one Controlling RNC serves an UTRAN access point (i.e. each cell)
• Thee Controlling
Co t o g RNC C has
as tthe
eooverall
e a cocontrol
t o of
o the
t e logical
og ca resources
esou ces o
of its
ts U
UTRAN
access points
Core Network
Iu Iu
RNS RNS
UTRAN
Iur
DRNC
RNC RNCSRNC
SRNC
Ib
Iub Iub Iub Iub
MAC-d MAC-d
CCCH CCCH
MAC-d
MAC-d
MAC-c/sh MAC-c/sh
FachFP FachFP
FachFP FachFP
RRC
RRC
RRC
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
PHY PHY
UE NodeB CRNC
RRC terminates in
• CRNC: provides broadcast information distributed by node B
• Node B: handles periodic repetition of broadcast information
Splitting of RRC eliminates repetition of broadcast data on Iub interface
Source: 3GPP 25.301, sc 5.6.7
Mobile Core
Control Network
Cell Control
P i
Paging
Node-B
Broadcast
Com./ Shared
Channel
Processing
Dedicated
Channel
Processing
Bearer plane
Non-Access Stratum
Radio Radio Iu Iu
proto- proto- proto proto
cols cols cols cols
((1)) (1) (2) (2)
Access Stratum
UE UTRAN CN
Radio Iu
(Uu) Non-Access Stratum:
• Protocols between UE and CN that are not
terminated in the UTRAN
Access Stratum:
• Provides
d UE-CN transport service to NAS services
Source: 3GPP 25.401 • AS protocols are closely linked to radio technology
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 15
UTRAN Architecture Principles –
Control Plane
signaling connection
Radio Radio Iu Iu
proto- proto- proto proto
cols cols cols cols
((1)) (1) (2) (2)
Access Stratum
UE UTRAN CN
Radio Iu
(Uu)
NAS control p
plane functions:
CM: Connection Management
MM: Mobility Management
GMM GPRS MM
GMM:
Source: 3GPP 25.401 SM: Session Management
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 16
UTRAN Functions (1)
- Transfer of User Data
- Functions related to overall system access control
- Admission Control
- Congestion Control
- System information broadcasting
- Radio channel ciphering and deciphering
- Integrity protection
- Functions related to mobilityy
- Handover
- SRNS Relocation
- Paging support
- Positioning
- Synchronisation
LOCATION\ FUNCTION Outside the Access Stratum Inside the Access Stratum
C ll sett up/release
Call / l yes no
(Connection) Bearer Set-Up Release CN bearer [tbd] Radio Access Bearer [tbd]
Supplementary Services yes no
Location management yes (IWF/CN related) yes (Radio related)
Attach/ Detach yes FFS, Contr expected
Resource Management yes (for NAS resource) yes (for AS resource incl. radio)
Handover yes*
yes yes
Macrodiversity [ffs] yes* yes
Encryption yes yes**
Authentication yyes no
compression (non source dependent) yes yes
source dependent coding yes no
radio channel coding (could be many) no yes (could be many)
• Tight
g handover
a do requirements
qu esp.
p for
o voice
o
– Need for proactive handover initiation requires interaction between
radio layers
UE SGSN GGSN
SM: PDP context (active, inactive)
HLR
PMM state (detached, idle, connected)
RNC
Signaling connection
RRC connection
UE mode
Iu Iu
Ib
Iub Iub Iub Iub
RRC connection
ti -> connected
t d mode
d
radio link
UE
Iu Iu
Ib
Iub Iub Iub Iub
UE SRNC MSC/VLR
or SGSN
Higher layer Higher layer
control control
RANA RANA
RRC RRC P
P
Signaling Connection
Enter URA
Cell connected state
Connected
URA
Enter
E t cell
ll Connected
connected state
RRC
connection
ti RRC UTRAN Registration
connection
establishment
release Area (URA):
• area covered by a
number of cells
• URA is only internally
Idle mode known in the UTRAN
• RRC state machine exists as two peer entities, one in the MS and one in
UTRAN (SRNC)
• Apart from transient situations and error cases the two peer entities are
synchronized
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 25
Signaling Connection
• No signaling connection exist (idle state)
– UE has no relation to UTRAN, only to CN
– no data transfer
– paging identification by IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI
- Cell level: Different channel types can be used for data transfer:
- Common transport channels (RACH(RACH, FACH,
FACH DSCH,
DSCH USCH)
- Dedicated transport channels (DCH)
RRC connection
• point-to-point bi-directional connection between RRC peer entities on the UE and
the UTRAN sides
• UE has either zero or one RRC connection
Signaling connection
• an acknowledged-mode
k l d d d link
li k between
b t the
th UE andd the
th CN tot ttransfer
f hihigher
h llayer
information between the entities in the non-access stratum (via RRC and RANAP)
Radio link
• a logical association between a single UE and a single UTRAN access point (cell)
• its physical realization comprises one or more radio bearer transmissions
R di bearer
Radio b (
(compare signaling
i li radio
di bearer)
b )
• service provided by the RLC layer for transfer of user data between UE and SRNC
Radio interface
• interface between UE and a UTRAN access point
• radio interface encompasses all the functionality required to maintain the
i t f
interface
GC Nt DC GC Nt DC
Relay/RNC functions
GC Nt DC Nt DC GC Nt DC
GC Nt DC GC
Uu
RRC Stratum RRC Iu
(UuS) Stratum
L2/L1 L2/L1
• SAPs are used to establish and release connections with specific UEs,
and to transfer information on these connections
• Several types of connections are identified, point connections (single
user) and group connections
• SAPs
SAP are ididentified
tifi d by
b a SAPI att th
the AS boundary
b d
• SAPI is valid for the lifetime of a connection
• SAPI is used as a unambiguous connection identifier of the associated
SAP
PHY-upper
PHY upper PHY PHY
DchFP DchFP DchFP DchFP
RRC control L3
Radio
ontrol
ontrol
ontrol
ontrol
Bearers
co
co
co
co
PDCP
PDCP L2/PDCP
BMC
L2/BMC
Logical
Channels
MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
Source: 3GPP 25.301 PHY L1
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 35
GC Nt DC Radio Access Bearers
AS control plane SAPs
Physical Layer – Services Duplication avoidance
–with what characteristics data are transferred over the radio interface
control Radio
control
control
control
Bearers
Logical
Channel
MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY L1
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 36
GC Nt DC Radio Access Bearers
AS control plane SAPs
Physical Layer – Channel Types Duplication avoidance
control Radio
control
control
control
Bearers
PDCP
PDCP L2/PDCP
BMC
L2/BMC
Logical
Channel
MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY L1
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 37
Physical Layer – Common Transport
Channels
C a e s ((1))
Random Access Channel (RACH)
• Contention
C t ti b based
d uplink
li k channel
h l used
d for
f transmission
t i i off relatively
l ti l
small amounts of data, e.g. for initial access or non-real-time
dedicated control or traffic data
Forward Access Channel (FACH)
• Common downlink channel for relatively small amount of data
• no closed-loop
l dl power control
t l
Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) – TDD only
• Downlink channel shared by several UEs carrying dedicated control or
traffic data
Uplink Shared Channel (USCH) – TDD only
• Uplink channel shared by several UEs carrying dedicated control or
traffic data
Data Transport
Data Data Transport
Block Set Transportt
T
Data Data Data Block Set
Block
DCH DCH DCH
Note: Functional blocks
which implement
concatenation, segmentation, CRC attachment CRC attachment CRC attachment
interleaving, discontinuous
transmission (DTX) and Channel Coding Channel Coding Channel Coding
macrodiversity
di i b i /
distirbution/combining
bi i have
h Rate Matching Rate Matching Rate Matching
been suppressed.
DPCH
C DPCH
C
– No
N data
d t segmentation
t ti (performed
( f d by
b higher
hi h layers)l ) on R.99
R 99
Reallocation of radio resources RRC and MAC parameters
control L3
control
control
control
parameters by request of RRC, i.e. change of transport formatBearers
(combination) sets, change of transport channel PDCP
PDCP type L2/PDCP
– Autonomously
A t l resource allocation
ll ti in
i TDD mode d
BMC
L2/BMC
Reporting of measurements
– Local measurements such as
traffic volume and quality RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC L2/RLC
Logical
Channel
MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY L1
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 44
MAC – Logical Channels
MAC-d
MAC-d
MAC d
MAC-c/sh MAC-c/sh
DschFP DschFP
DschFP DschFP
MAC-d
MAC-d
MAC d
MAC-c/sh MAC-c/sh
DschFP DschFP
DschFP DschFP
RLC1 RLC2
UE1 UE2
SRNCs
Iur or local
RLC
Common MAC (MAC-c/sh)
Controlling RNC MAC-c/sh
MAC c/sh • multiplexing between
multiple UEs sharing the
RACH/ DSCH DSCH
Node B FACH
Dedicated MAC (MAC-d)
(MAC d)
Uu
UE
• multiplexing of logical
Signalling Data for g UE
channels of a single
for UE 1&2 UE 1&2
(Case B, TDD only)
Source: 3GPP 25.301, sc 5.6.5
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 48
Logical/ Transport/ Physical Channels Mapping
(excerpt, FDD)
Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels
P-SCH
Control Ch Common Ch (no FPC)
S-SCH
Traffic Ch Common Ch (FPC) Fixed Channels
Dedicated Ch (FPC) P-CPICH Info Channels
Assoc Channels
S CPICH
S-CPICH
BCCH BCH P-CCPCH
PCCH PCH PICH
CCCH FACH S-CCPCH
CTCH RACH PRACH
DCCH AICH
DTCH DCH DPDCH
DPCH
C
DPCCH
Key: Uplink
Downlink
Bidirectional
Data Transfer
Association
Transport
BCH PCH RACH FACH USCH DSCH DCH Channels
(TDD only) (TDD only)
Transport
BCH PCH RACH FACH USCH DSCH DCH Channels
(TDD only) (TDD only)
• Transparent
T anspa ent data transfer
t ansfe (TM) GC Nt DC
RRC control L3
control Radio
control
control
control
Bearers
PDCP
PDCP L2/PDCP
BMC
L2/BMC
Logical
Channel
MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY L1
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 52
RLC – Services (1)
Transparentt data
T d t transfer
t f (TM)
• Transmission of upper layer PDUs without adding any protocol information (no
RLC header)
• Possibly
P ibl iincluding
l di segmentation/reassembly
t ti / bl functionality
f ti lit
Unacknowledged data transfer (UM)
• Transmission of upper layer PDUs without guaranteeing delivery to the peer
entity
– Error detection: The RLC sublayer shall deliver only those SDUs to the
g upper
receiving pp layer
y that are free of transmission errors byy using g the
sequence-number check function
– Immediate delivery: The receiving RLC sublayer entity shall deliver a SDU
to the upper layer receiving entity as soon as it arrives at the receiver
Acknowledged data transfer (AM)
• Transmission of upper layer PDUs and guaranteed delivery to the peer entity
• Notification of RLC user at transmitting side in case RLC is unable to deliver the
data correctly
• in-sequence and out-of-sequence delivery
• error-free delivery (by means of retransmission)
• duplication detection
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 53
RLC – Services (2)
Maintenance of QoS as defined by upper layers
• retransmission protocol shall be configurable by layer 3 to provide
different levels of QoS
Notification of unrecoverable errors
• RLC notifies the upper layer of errors that cannot be resolved by RLC
itself by normal exception handling procedures
Tr
UM
UM
UM
UM Tr
UM AM
AM UM
Tr Tr AM
AM UM
AM Tr
UM
AM
RLC Modes
Tr Transparent
UM Unacknowledged
AM Acknowledged
Tr
Logical
DCCH DCCH DCCH DCCH
Channels
MAC
DCH DCH
DPDCH DPDCH
Class B (103bits)
Class B (103bits)
Class C (60bits)
Class C (60bits)
Class A (81bits)
Class A (81bits)
Control Plane
SRB1 SRB2 SRB3/4
RB
RB
RB
RB
RB
RB
ne
User Plan
RLC
C
Tr
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
UM RLC Entity RLC Entity AM RLC Entity AM RLC Entity
MAC
DCH DCH
DCH DCH
LAYER 1
CCTrCH CCTrCH
Physical
DPDCH DPDCH
Channels
Abbr. Mode RLC Entities Notes:
Tr
Tr. Transparent mode 2 (one tx.
tx And one rx.)
rx ) This is for a single user
user. SRB0 is not shown as this
UM Unacknowleged Mode 2 (one tx. And one rx.) is for the CCCH - i.e. not used for a dedicated call,
AM Acknowleged Mode 1 (bi-directional for ARQ) only for establishment.
etc.
etc.
RLC, e
RLC, e
RLC, e
AC-d
MAC-c/sh
h
MA
MAC-d
MAC
FACH
RACH
DSCH
USCH
USCH
FACH
RACH
DSCH
DCH
PCH
DCH
PHY-upper
PHY
Iub Iur
Node B Controlling RNC Serving RNC
reassembly
y
RLC SDU
L2 RLC
(transparent)
RLC PDU … RLC PDU segmentation
L2 MAC
(transparent)
MAC SDU
… MAC SDU
L1
CRC … CRC
Examples: BCCH
BCCH-BCH,
BCH PCCH
PCCH-PCH,
PCH DTCH
DTCH-DCH
DCH
RLC SDU
reassembly
L2 RLC
(transparent)
RLC PDU … RLC PDU segmentation
L2 MAC
…
(non-transparent) MAC MAC SDU MAC MAC SDU
header header
L1
CRC
… CRC
Examples: DTCH(multiple)
DTCH(multiple)-DCH,
DCH CCCH
CCCH-FACH/RACH,
FACH/RACH BCCH-FACH
BCCH FACH
reassembly
RLC SDU RLC SDU
L2 RLC
Segmentation &
Concatenation
RLC RLC
L1 CRC CRC
Examples: DTCH
DTCH-DCH
DCH, DCCH-DCH
DCCH DCH
L2 RLC
(non-transparent)
… Segmentation &
concatenation
RLC
header … RLC
header
…
MAC MAC SDU MAC MAC SDU
L2 MAC header header
(non-transparent)
Transport block (MAC PDU)
… Transport block (MAC PDU)
L1
CRC
… CRC
Examples:
p CCCH-FACH/RACH,
/ , DCCH-FACH/RACH,
/ , DCCH-DSCH,, DTCH-
FACH/RACH, DTCH-DSCH, DTCH-DCH, DCCH-DCH, CTCH-FACH
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 63
GC Nt DC Radio Access Bearers
Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Duplication avoidance
AS control plane SAPs
RRC control L3
control Radio
control
control
control
Bearers
PDCP
PDCP L2/PDCP
BMC
L2/BMC
Logical
Channel
MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY L1
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 64
PDCP – Functions
PDCP-SDU
PDCP-SAPs ...
C SAP
C-SAP
PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP-
entity entity SDU entity sublayer
numbering
RLC-SDU
...
UM-SAP AM-SAP TM-SAP RLC
Service: GC Nt DC
UuS boundary
• broadcast/multicast transmission service in the user
C-plane signalling plane
U-plane information
Radio
control
control
control
control
Bearers
PDCP
PDCP L2/PDCP
BMC
L2/BMC
Functions:
• Storage of Cell Broadcast Messages RLC RLC L2/RLC
RLC
• Traffic volume monitoring RLCand RLC
radio RLC
RLC
RLC
• Delivery
D li off Cell
C ll Broadcast
B d t messages to t Transport
Channels
upper layer (NAS) in the UE PHY L1
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 67
GC Nt DC
GC Nt DC
UuS boundary
C-plane signalling U-plane information
RRC control L3
control Radio
control
control
control
Bearers
PDCP
PDCP L2/PDCP
BMC
L2/BMC
S
Services
i P
Provided
id d to U
Upper L
Layers Logical
Channel
General Control (GC) – information broadcast service
MAC L2/MAC
Notification (Nt) – paging and notification broadcast services Transport
Channels
Dedicated Control (DC) – connection management PHY and message transfer L1
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 68
RRC – Interaction with Lower Layers
Measurement Report
RRC RRC
Radio Resource
Assignment
Control
[Code, Frequency,
Control
TS, TF Set, Mapping,
etc.]
RLC RLC
RLC retransmission
Measurrements
Measureements
control
ntrol
ol
Contro
Con
MAC MAC
Measurements
Meeasurements
Control
Control
C
M
L1 L1
UTRAN UE
Connected mode
Enter URA
E
Cell connected state
Connected
URA
Enter cell Connected
connected state
RRC
connection RRC
establishment connection
release
Idle mode
• RRC state machine exists as two peer entities (MS and UTRAN)
• The two peer entities are synchronized (apart from transient situations
and error cases)
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2009 71
UTRAN Registration Area (URA)
• URA is known to the
UTRAN only RA URA RA URA RA URA
• URA is established in URA URA URA URA URA URA
RRC connected mode URA URA
URA URA URA URA
LA
RA URA RA URA RA URA URA
URA
URA is independent of URA URA URA URA URA URA
URA
RNC area URA URA
URA URA URA URA URA URA
URA may cover
URA
•part of an RNC area
•parts of several RNC RA URA RA URA URA RA URA
areas URA
URA URA URA URA URA URA
URAs may overlap URA
URA
URA
URA URA URA URA URA URA
RRC
connection RRC
establishment connection
ti
release
Idle mode
RRC
connection RRC
establishment connection
release
es
Timeout Value
sum
state
t t costt
transition cost
on of T
Optimizatio
UE SRNC MSC/VLR
or SGSN
Higher layer Higher layer
control control
RANA RANA
RRC RRC P
P
UE SRNC MSC/VLR
or SGSN
RANA RANA
RRC RRC P
P