CHAPTER.

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stimulus
aft sons

Response q EE te5
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Relay
Sensory Stimulus
0 20 D SensoryPerception

PNSCPeripheratsysten 12cranialnm 31 pairsof spinal an

autonomic nn e all of their
ganglia
CNskenterystemL brain brainstem spinalcord
groups of groupsof
CellBodies Axons
tracts
CNS nuclei
i
Pvs ganglia nerve

efferent
affTrent
signals passing awayfrom CNS
signals passingtowards CNS

AP Meninges protects supports the CNS three

connective tissue membranes located between skull
brain and between the spinal cord 4 vertebral column
the meninges are continuous between brain spinal cord
Dunrakater external
strong fibrous membrane
cranial dura
2 layers fused to cranialbones except where they split to form venous Sinn
the inner meningeal layer forms four folds
a
falx cerebri
falx cerebelli fa4xFcebri
tentorum cerebelli
diaphragma sellae
spinal dura
2layers also
outer layer forms periosteal lining of
vertebral foramina that form spinal canal
inner layer loosely invests the spinal cord
forms a cuff around spinal nn

diaphragm
sellae team take
cerebelli
Cerebelli
Arachnoid middle
thin delicate membrae surrounds brain 4cord
outer portion adheres to dura mater
extending internally from outer portion are cobweb like projections
trabeculae that attach to the pia mater
Pia Mater internal
thin membrane
closely invests brain 4 cord blood
highlyrascular i contains small
vessels that supply the brain cord

Men
ingdspace.se
rapace bone 4duramater between
subduralespace between dura arachnoid
uratpaces are normally potential
epidwalkisubd

spaces in cranialcavity meaning

could be filled with fluid due
they
to a epidural subdural hemorrhage
in spinal subdurals pace
isnormally potential but epidurals

i i
contains numerous blood vessels

Supportingies
ependymal
line the fluid filledcavitiesventricles ofbrain
central canal of spinal cord
microglia
mesodermal in origin derived from bone marrow
immunological activities become macrophages
macroglia
neuroectoderm in origin
consists of four celltypes
astrocytes mostnumerous cells in CNS star shaped end feet atdistal part of processes that
form a protective covering called externallimiting or glialmembrane astrocytes

imiiitanii.ie iiiiiIiiitethiaiaEoiiieiiioiinpuistiities ph
ve
us
certain neurotransmitters they are the firstcells to be damaged due to
ischemia trauma or radiation
oligodendrocytes formmaintain CNS
myelin each cell envelopes numerous axons with its endfee
schwanncelts form maintain PNSmyelin each cellenvelopes
only part of one myelinated axon
PNS by encirclingand then spiraling around the axon to form multiple layers lamell
outermostlayeris neurilemma nodeof Randies
capsularcelts surround cellbodies in sensory autonomic
ganglia
 Neutrons
dendrites convey impulses toward thecell body
axons anterograderetrograde axonal transport

cell body
nucleus
cytoplasm contains usualcellorganelles
plus clumps of rough ER calledNissl bodies
Morphologic Classifications
anglia of spinal nu some cranialinn
Uttering
Bipolar visual auditory andvestibular
n

Multipolar all located

remaining in CNS 9
in

PhysiologicPropert
RestingMembranePotential I 60mV
Actionaid Initiatio 9 Conductance
axon hillock gets to 45mV AP
velocity depends on myelination 4 axonaldiameter
Saltatory conduction
AP frequency matters
encodes information
excitatorypostsynapticpote ties
quickly depolarizes postsynaptic neuron

I
i
hkYpIrpoMIih

theseeithercause the
postsynaptic neuron to be more
or less likely to fire an AP
DiseasesaffectingNewotransmissionkAP
g
MyastheniaGravis
g NMS problem affects Adt receptors
o

S Guillen Barresyndrome
B 0 demyelinating disease Bogged
q Charcot Marie Tooth