SUMMARY OF STRONG EVIDENCE ON DIET, NUTRITION,

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PREVENTION OF CANCER

MOUTH, PHARYNX, LARYNX (2007)

BREAST POSTMENOPAUSE (2010)

BREAST PREMENOPAUSE (2010)
Convincing decreased risk

Probable decreased risk

ENDOMETRIUM (2013)
NASOPHARYNX (2007)

GALLBLADDER (2007)
OESOPHAGUS (2007)

COLORECTUM (2011)
Convincing increased risk

PANCREAS (2012)
STOMACH (2007)

PROSTATE (2014)

KIDNEY (2007)
Probable increased risk

OVARY (2014)
LIVER (2015)
LUNG (2007)

SKIN (2007)
Substantial effect on risk unlikely

Foods containing dietary fibre

Aflatoxins
Non-starchy vegetables1
Allium vegetables
Garlic
Fruits2
Red meat
Processed meat
Cantonese-style salted fish
Diets high in calcium3
Salt, salted and salty foods
Glycaemic load
Arsenic in drinking water
Maté
Alcoholic drinks4
Coffee
Beta-carotene5
Physical activity6
Body fatness7
Adult attained height
Greater birth weight
Lactation
1 Includes evidence on foods containing carotenoids for mouth, pharynx, larynx; foods containing beta-carotene for oesophagus; foods containing vitamin C for oesophagus.
2 Includes evidence on foods containing carotenoids for mouth, pharynx, larynx and lung; foods containing beta-carotene for oesophagus; foods containing vitamin C for oesophagus.
3 Evidence is from milk and studies using supplements for colorectum.
4 C onvincing increased risk for men and probable increased risk for women for colorectum. Evidence applies to adverse effect for kidney. For liver, this is based on evidence for alcohol intakes
above around 48 grams per day (about 3 drinks a day)
5 Evidence is derived from studies using supplements for lung.
6 Convincing increased risk for colon not rectum.
7 Probable increased risk for advanced not non-advanced prostate cancer. www.wcrf.org

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