Philippine History Reviewer
Chapter 6 – Challenges to Spain Authority
Reasons for Revolution
Spanish imposed policies
 Bankaw Revolt – intolerance against
the friars
 Dagohoy – forced labor (his brother
was not given a Christian burial)
 Andres Malong – Return to his old
Religion
 Juan Dela Cruz Palaris – tribute
 Juan Ponce Sumuroy – forced labor
 Diego & Gabriela Silang – tribute, polo,
& wanted to engage in Galleon Trade
 Magalat – tribute collection
 Apolinario Dela Cruz – Religion
Reasons for Defeat:
1. Pockets of Revolt
2. No unity
3. Inferior weapons
Chapter 8 – beginnings of Filipino
nationalism
Archbishop Manuel Rojo – acting gov.gen
when british bombarded intramuros, malate,
ermita and luneta on Sept. 22, 1762
Diego Silang – an Ilocano who rose in revolt.
He was able to expel Spaniards and declared
himself “King of Ilocos”
Gabriela Silang – wife of diego that carried
her husband’s fight but later captured and
hanged.
Juan Dela Cruz Palaris – 1762 led a revolt in
pangasinan.
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Reasons why economy developed slowly:
1. Incompetence of Spanish officials
2. Graft and greed
3. Restrictive economic policies
4. Constant quarrels bet. Civil and
ecclesiastical authorities
Jose Basco y Vargas – appointed gov.gen of
phil. In 1778 he encouraged the cultivation of
crops for export. (Indigo, coffee, cocoa, sugar,
hemp, mulberry, trees, spices and cotton)
Economic Society of Friends of the Country
in 1781 and Royal Company in 1785
Basi revolt – one of the bloodiest uprisings
ever recorded during this period.
Laissez – faire or “Let – alone policy” –
gave full freedom to private individuals and
firms to engage in economic activities w/o
much interference from the govt.
Nicholas Loney – introduced the 1st modern
machinery that converted sugar cane into
refined sugar.
Factors that affect Filipino Nationalism
1. Rise of the Filipino Middle Class
2. Educations of some Filipinos
3. Opening of suez canal
4. Liberalism
5. Secularization
6. Cavite Mutiny
7. Execution of Gomburza
Inquilinos or the tenants – increase in
agriculture exports they began to accumulate
wealth.
Middle class – group below the aristocrat
Spanish officials, families and religious orders
but higher than the masses
Ilustrados – wealthy and highly educated  influx of progressive books and
Filipinos periodicals
 liberal ideas
Insulares – Spaniards born in the Phil.  Encourage many Filipinos to go to
Peninsulares / Espanoles – Spaniards born Europe.
in spain, working and residing in our country. Governor general Carlos Maria De la Torre
Mestizos / indios – the rest / natives in 1869 – put into practice the liberal principles
of revolutionists in Spain.
2 events foreshadowed the developing
consciousness of the masses: 1. Abolished censorship of press
2. Abolished flogging as punishment
1. Tagalong publication of Florante and 3. Solved agrarian unrest
Laura by Francisco Baltazar/
Balagtas. – There was reference for the He is the best governor general the
1st time to the country as oppressed and Philippines has ever had.
in need of freedom. Rafael de Izquierdo – appointed gov.gen in
2. Revolt by Apolinario dela Cruz or 1871. “With a cross in one hand and a sword in
“Hermano Pule” in tayabas in 1841. the other”
Confradia – disguised as aimed to revive the Regular priests – belonged to the religious
ancient catalonan teachings w/in the Catholic orders like Dominican, recollects, Augustinians
Church. and Franciscans.
Hermano Pule – so popular they called him Secular priests – not members of any
the kings of the Tagalogs. religious order
Schools: Friar – curates – member of religious orders
1. San juan de letran that occupied parishes.
2. San jose Secularization / Filipinization – denying the
3. San felipe native clergy the right to administer the
4. University of santo tomas parishes occupied by the regulars
5. Others
Father Pedro Pablo Pelaez – leader of the
Schools of women: Filipino campaign to secularize the parishes.
1. Collge of santa potenciana Father Jose A. Burgos – the one who
2. Santa Isabel college succeeded the leadership.
3. Santa rosa college
4. Others 1. Father Jacinto Zamora
2. Mariano Gomez
Suez Canal in 1869 3. Toribio Del Pilar
 Shorter route and travel time bet. Spain 4. Mariano Sevilla
and Philippines 5. Pedro Dandan
6. Jose Guevara

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Cavite Mutiny on Jan. 20, 1872 – revocation Aims of the newspaper:
of the privilege of shipyard workers to be
exempted from forced labor and from tribute by 1. Fight reaction
gov.gen izquierdo 2. Stop all efforts that keep the Philippines
a backward country
Criollos – Spaniards born in Mexico and exiled 3. Extol liberal ideas
in Cavite. 4. Defend progress

La Madrid – military sergeant who led it. Cruel Spanish writers:

Execution of GomBurZa: Feb. 17, 1872 1. Pablo Feced

marched from Fort Santiago to Bagumbayan 2. Wenceslao E. Petena
Field.
Demands of the Filipino Reformists:
1. Zamora
2. Gomez 1. Representation in Spanish cortes
3. Burgos 2. Right to vote
3. Freedom of speech, assembly and
Chapter 9 – campaign for reforms press
4. Freedom of commerce
Propaganda Movement in 1882 to 1892 5. Removal of friars in the Phil.
6. Education
Cortes – Spanish law making body
7. Reforms in the jails
Assimilation – the move to make the 8. Abolition of diezmos pediales – tithe
Philippines a province of Spain and granting of consisting if one-tenth of the produce of
Spanish citizenship to Filipinos. the land.

Important Filipino Reformists: JOSE RIZAL

1. Graciano Lopez Jaena – great orator  Born June 19,1861

2. Jose Rizal – great thinker and writer  Studied in Ateneo Municipal and UST
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar – great political  Age of 26 wrote: Noli me Tangere or
analyst and journalists Touch me not – exposed the defects of
the Spanish administration
GRACIANO LOPEZ JEANA  El Filibsterismo or the Rebel –
expressed his political ideas and the
 Born December 18, 1856
coming of revolution
 Placid Lopez & Maria Jacobo Jaena
 Founded La Liga Filipina – a patriotic
 Seminary of Jaro to be a priest
society
 Later be a physician’
 Died December 30, 1986
 Fray Botod – friar who is greedy,
immoral and cruel MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
 Founded newspaper: La Solidaridad
 Its 1st editor  “the greatest journalist produced by the
 Died January 20, 1896 purely Filipino race”
 Born August 30, 1850
 Studied: College of San Jose and UST
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  1882 founded tagalong Spanish 3. Encourage agriculture, Commerce and
newspaper Diariong Tagalog education
 Become editor of La Solidaridad 4. Defend members against violence
 La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas 5. Study and apply reforms
(Monastic Sovereignity in the  Supreme council
Philippines)  Provincial council
 La Frailocracia Filipina (Frailocracy in  Popular council
the Philippines)
 Died July 4, 1896 Monthly due of ten centavos

Circulo Hispano Filipino (The Spanish Cuerpo de Compromisarios (Body of

Filipino Circle) – Revista Del Circulo Hispano
– Filipino (Journal of the Spanish – Filipino
Circle)
Asociacion Hispano – Filipina in 1889 –
composed of Filipinos and Spaniards who
sympathized w/ the Filipino cause.
Freemasonry – has an anti-friar character
Revolucion – a Filipino Masonic lodge in
Barcelona in 1889
Compromisers
Why the reform movement failed:
1. Officials in Spain were too busy with
their own problems to listen
2. Did not have necessary financial means
w/ w/c to make their campaign effective
3. Reformists themselves are not united
4. Friars in the Philippines had influential
friends and supporters in Spain

La Solidaridad – another Masonic lodge Chapter 10 – Bonifacio and the Katipunan

founded in Madrid
KKK – Kataastaasan kagalanggalang na
Nilad – a Masonic lodge in Manila in 1891 katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan (supreme
Aims of the organization: and venerable association of the sons of the
people) – July 7, 1892
1. Freedom and prosperity
2. Good government Triangle method – method of recruiting
3. Representation members in the society
4. Establish Philippines as a province of Enlisting of Members – change in recruiting
Spain members based on masonry
35 Masonic Lodges in the Philippines 3 primary objectives of the Katipunan:
Walana – Women Masonic lodge 1. Civic – self-help and defense of the
LA LIGA FILIPINA weak and the poor
2. Political – separation of Philippines
Aims of la liga Filipina: from Spain
3. Moral – teaching of good manners,
1. Unite the whole archipelago
hygiene, and good moral character
2. Give mutual protection to all members

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The Katipunan Government Katungkulang gagawin ng mga anak ng
bayan / Duties of the sons of the people –
3 Governing Bodies: guide of the katipuneros in leading a highly
1. Supreme Council / Kataastaasang moral life that bonifacio prepared.
Sanggunian Kartilla – 13 teachings by Emilio Jacinto
2. Provincial Council / Sangguniang Bayan
3. Popular Council / Sangguniang Women members of katipunan:
Balangay
1. Josefa Rizal
Judicial Council / Sangguniang Hukuman – 2. Gregoria De Jesus
the one that passed judgment on members 3. Marina Dizon
who violated the rules of the society 4. Angelica Lopez Rizal
5. Gregoria De jesus
Katipunan Assembly – composed of the
members of the supreme council and the Candido Iban & Francisco del Castillo – who
presidents of the municipal and popular won Php 1,000 in a lottery and gave katipunan
councils. the money to buy the printing press.

Secret chamber Printing press was purchased for Php 400

- Composed of Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto Ulpiano Fernandez & Faustino Duque – 2

and Pio Valenzuela experienced printers managed the press.
- Sentenced the members who exposed
the secrets of the Katipunan Kalayaan – name of the newspaper suggested
by Dr. Pio Valenzuela
Katipunan Elections:
Yokohama – as guise place of publication
1st president/supremo – Deodato Arellano
Marcelo H. Del Pilar – editor
2nd president/supremo – Roman Basa
Real name Pen name
3rd president/supremo – Andres Bonifacio Jacinto Pingkian & Dimas -
ilaw
Membership: Bonifacio Agapito Bagumbayan
Valenzuela Madlang - away
3 kinds: Rizal Dimas Alang & Laong
Laan
1. 1st grade – katipon – “Anak ng Bayan” Mariano Ponce Tikbalang, Naning &
2. 2nd grade – kawal – “Gom-Bur-Za” Kalipulako
3. 3rd grade – bayani – “Rizal” Antonio Luna Taga-Ilog
Marcelo Del Pilar Plaridel
The Katipunan Flags: Jose Ma. Panganiban Jomapa
Benita Rodriguez – the one requested to
make the flag for the Katipunan. The revolution of 1896 / katipunan revolution
Gregoria De Jesus – bonifacio’s wife who Bonifacio – a leading thinker of the revolution
helped Benita to make the flag. of 1896
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Chapter 11 – the revolution of 1896
Department of war – Php 6,500,000
For Public Works – Php 628,752.46
Father Mariano Gil – parish curate of tondo
and was the one who had earlier warned
Spanish officials about the existence of a
secret society.
Teodoro Patino – the whistle blower of the
katipunan and told it to her sister, the latter told
the madre portera of the orphanage that advise
teodoro to tell it to father marinano gil
Diario de Manila printing shop – where they
found receipts and evidence pointing to the
existence of a secret society
Francisco L. Roxas – an insulares was asked
to support the society but resisted to help
them.
Sitio Pugadlawin – a huge meeting was held
at the yard of Juan A. Ramos, son of Melchora
Aquino / Tandang Sora the “Mother of the
Katipunan”.
Cry of the Pugadlawin – Aug. 23 – where
they tear they cedulas and shouted “long live
the Philippines! Long live the Katipunan”.
First 8 provinces rose in arms: (gov.gen
Ramon Blanco issued a decree – under martial
law)
1. Cavite
2. Manila
3. Laguna
4. Batangas
5. Bulacan
6. Pampanga
7. Tarlac
8. Nueva Ecija
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Those who would surrender w/in 48 hours will
not be tried by military court.
Rizal’s Execution – Dec. 30, 1896
Emilio Aguinaldo – young mayor of the town
of Kawit (“Heneral Miong”) and defeated
general Ernesto de Aguirre on Sept. 5, 1896
2 factions of Katipunan in Cavite:
1. Magdiwang – Mariano Alvarez –
favored the retention of katipunan
2. Magdalo – Baldomero Aguinaldo –
favored a change in the katipunan
structure.
The Tejeros Convention (March 22, 1897) –
agreed to form a new government.
Daniel Tirona – member of Madgalo and sain
that Jose del Rosario was more qualified than
bonifacio.
The result of the election in the tejeros
convention is null and void.
Acto de Tejeros (Minutes of Tejeros) /
Tejeros Resolution – it indicated the reasons
for ejecting the result mainly the fraud
committed by the magdalo people
Naik Military Agreement – another
government would be established
Colonel Agapito Bonzon – headed the party
to contact bonifacio.
General Pio del Pilar & General Mariano
Noriel – persuaded Aguinaldo to withdraw the
commutation letter for the reason that can’t be
divided at such time of war.
May 10, 1897 – major lazaro macapagal
broght them to Mount Tala and executed
Gov. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja – succeeded
Gov. Gen Ramon Blanco grew tired of fighting
and asked to be relieved.

Gov. Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera – the

successor of Camilo de polavieja and took
personal charge at the military campaign

Biak na Bato Republic – established by

Aguinaldo

Felix Ferrer & Isabelo Artacho – copied word

for word the Cuban Constitution of Jimaguaya
except one article.

Pedro A. Paterno – offered himself as

mediator to gov. gen primo de rivera.

Truce of Biak na Bato:

1st document – November 18, 1897

2nd document – December 14, 1897

3rd document – December 15, 1897

1. Aguinaldo and his men would go into

voluntary exile
2. Primo would pay Aguinaldo Php800,000
in 3 installments
3. Additional Php 900,000 to the families of
non-combatant Filipinos suffered.

General Francisco Makabulos of Tarlac –

who was suspicious of Spanish motives
organize an independent government and a
constitution – Makabulos Constitution.