Sda Ng01006306b Odipl La 0510 00001 c04 Stability Analysis

Shell Petroleum Development Company Of Nigeria Ltd.
Classification Status RESTRICTED
Contract Title ODIDI ELPS GAS PIPELINES
Shell Project Ref. NG01006306B
Node Name ODIDI
Document Title STABILITY ANALYSIS
Shell Document No. SDA-NG01006306B-ODIPL-LA-0510-00001
Revision No. C04
Revision Date 09.03.2017
Proprietary Information: This document contains proprietary information and may not be partly or wholly reproduced without prior
written permission from Shell Petroleum Development Company
Revision Date Description Originator Checker Approver
C04 09.03.2017 Re-Issued for Construction O.Akinrinbola K.Ekiotenne C.Waccher

C01 27.05.2016 Issued for Construction O.Akinrinbola K.Ekiotenne C.Waccher
A01 27.11.2015 Issued for Approval O.Akinrinbola K.Ekiotenne C.Waccher
R02 08.10.2015 Re-Issued for Review O.Akinrinbola K.Ekiotenne C.Waccher
R01 02.03.2015 Issued for Review O.Akinrinbola K.Ekiotenne C.Waccher
Page 2 of 20
SUMMARY PAGE
Client: Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd.
Node: ODIDI
PROJECT: ODIDI ELPS GAS PIPELINE PROJECT
Shell Project. Ref. NG01006306B
Title: STABILITY ANALYSIS
Shell Doc. No. SDA-NG01006306B-ODIPL-LA-0510-00001-C04
SUMMARY
This document presents the calculations performed to determine the buoyancy stability for the Odidi-ELPS
Pipeline project.
KEY WORDS: SPDC, ODIDI-ELPS, PIPELINE STABILITY ANALYSIS
REFERENCES HOLDS
Desicon Document No Shell document No Description Page

Project: ODIDI ELPS GAS PIPELINE
Title: STABILTY ANALYSIS
Shell Doc. No.: SDA-NG01006306B-ODIPL-LA-0510-00001-C04 Page 3 of 20
CONTENTS
SUMMARY PAGE ............................................................................................................................................ 2
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................. 4
1.2 OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.3 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................... 5
2 SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS ............................................................................... 6
2.1 SHELL DEPS ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 NIGERIAN NATIONAL STANDARDS (REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS) ......................... 6
2.3 INTERNATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS ................................................................... 6
2.4 UNITS ................................................................................................................................. 7
3 DESIGN BASIS AND DATA .............................................................................................................. 8
3.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................................... 8
3.2 MECHANICAL/PIPELINE DESIGN DATA ........................................................................... 9
3.3 LINE PIPE MATERIALS.................................................................................................... 10
3.4 PIPELINE COATING MATERIALS.................................................................................... 10
3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOTECHNICAL DATA ............................................................ 10
3.5.1 General .................................................................................................................. 10
3.5.2 Densities of Surrounding Medium ........................................................................... 10
3.5.3 Ground Water ........................................................................................................ 10
3.5.4 Water Current and Waves...................................................................................... 11
4 STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................................................... 12
4.1 GENERAL......................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 SWAMP SECTIONS ......................................................................................................... 12
4.3 RIVER AND CREEKS SECTIONS .................................................................................... 12
5 CALCULATION PROCEDURE........................................................................................................ 13
5.1 CALCULATION AND RESULTS ....................................................................................... 14
6 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................. 15
ATTACHMENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 16
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Odidi-ELPS Gas Pipeline Project is designed to ensure evacuation of the Southern Swamp
Associated Gas Solution Project (SSAGS) and the Forcados Yokri Integrated Project (FYIP) gas to
the domestic gas supply network.
It comprises of Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Commissioning of a gas pipeline, 18” x

5.5km, including pigging facilities and all associated tie-ins, piping and manifold works. Execution of
the work includes but is not limited to the following:
• Detailed design
• Clearing, excavation, pipe laying & welding, backfilling, land reinstatement, pre-commissioning
and start-up work
• Fabrication and installation of pipeline manifolds and other end facilities (Pig Launchers and
Receivers, etc.)
• Project management and control of the entire project from award through to final acceptance
by COMPANY
• Health, Safety, Security and Environmental Management of all activities.
1.2 OBJECTIVE
This report covers the calculation for the on-bottom stability for the 18” Odidi-ELPS Pipeline
project.
1.3 ABBREVIATIONS
API American Petroleum Institute

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineering
ASTM American Society for Testing of Materials
BFD Basis for Design
CS Carbon Steel
CWC Concrete weight coating
DEP Design and Engineering Practice
M/F Manifold
HP High Pressure
ISO International Standards Organization
LP Low Pressure
ND Nominal Diameter
MAOP Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure
OD Outside Diameter
P/L Pipeline
SMYS Specified Minimum Yield Strength
SPDC Shell Petroleum Development Company
2 SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
2.1 SHELL DEPS
DEP 31.40.00.10-Gen Pipeline Engineering
DEP 31.40.30.30 Concrete Coating of Linepipes
Pipeline Design Guide Manual — UIG-2015-08-00000001
2.2 NIGERIAN NATIONAL STANDARDS (REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS)
The Mineral Oils (Safety) Regulations of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
The Oil Pipelines Act (1990)
Supplement to the Nigerian oil and Gas Pipelines Regulations (1995)
2.3 INTERNATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS
ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems (2014)

ISO 13623 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Pipeline transportation systems
ISO 3183 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Steel Pipe for Pipeline transportation system
DNV-OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems
2.4 UNITS
The units shown below (SI units in general) shall be used as the main design units and all values
quoted shall be in these units. It is permissible to show alternative values and units as indicated in the
brackets only, after the design unit, when it is believed desirable. The size of the unit shall be
appropriate to the value being measured i.e. mm - m - km.
DESCRIPTION UNIT
Nominal pipe diameters inches

wall thickness mm
Valve sizes mm (or inch)
Length m (mm or km)
Area m²
Liquid Volume m³
Volumetric Oil Flow Rate MBPD
Any volumetric other Flow Rate m³/h
Standard Gas Volumetric Flow Rate MMSCFD (or mN³/h)
Velocity m/s
Density kg/m³ (KN/ m³)
Pressure bara or barg
Temperature °C
Table 1: Units of Measurements
3 DESIGN BASIS AND DATA
3.1 GENERAL
The design data are extracted from the document FYP-TPD-GEN-AA-7704-00001 - “Basis for Design
Update for Forcados Yokri Integrated Redevelopment Project (FYIP)”. The mechanical and pipelines
design conditions and data are summarised in Section 3.2.
The stability calculation has been performed for pipe wall thicknesses as follows (for the detail of the
selected thickness refer also to document SDA-NG01006306B-ODIPL-LA-1380-00001-‘‘Line Pipe
Wall Thickness Verification Report”:
Pipeline Name Nominal pipeline size Wall Thickness

(in) (mm)
Gas pipeline 18” 12.70
Table 2: Selected pipeline wall thickness
3.2 MECHANICAL/PIPELINE DESIGN DATA
Pipeline data for the 18” Dry Gas Pipeline is summarized in the table below.
DESCRIPTION VALUE/EXPLANATION
Diameter DN 450 (18’’) Gas pipeline

ASME Class 900#
Design Codes ASME B31.8,ISO 3183,ISO 13623
Design Life 25 years
Design Factor 0.72 0.60
Design Pressure 103.5 Barg
Operating Pressure 84/94 Barg
Minimum Test Pressure 129.38 Barg
Minimum Design Temperature (blowdown) 0°C
Maximum Design Temperature (black bulb) 80°C
Transported Fluid Dry Gas
Service Critical-Sour
Soil Temperature 25 – 27.5°C
D.F= 0.72 D.F= 0.60
Selected Wall Thickness
12.7 mm 12.7 mm
Line pipe Material ISO 3183 L360M PSL2 (API 5L X 52 equivalent)
Internal Roughness 4.572 x 10-5 m
Thermal Conductivity 45 W/mK
Anti-Corrosion Coating 3LPE
Pipeline soil cover 1.2 m
Concrete Coating 50.0 mm
Field Joint Coating Heat shrink sleeves
Corrosion Allowance 0.8 mm
Cathodic Protection System Impressed Current
Table 3: Pipeline data for 18” gas pipeline
3.3 LINE PIPE MATERIALS
The base line pipe material for the construction of the pipeline is carbon steel material according to
ISO 3183. The following properties will be used in the calculations:
Steel density 7850 kg/m3
Wall Thickness See section 3.1 and 3.2
3.4 PIPELINE COATING MATERIALS
The pipelines are externally coated with anti-corrosion 3-layer Polyethylene (PE) coating and a
concrete weight coating, if required, to provide stability.
The following data and densities are used in the analysis:
3L-PE density 940 kg/m³
3L-PE minimum thickness 3.0 mm
Minimum concrete coating density 3040 kg/m3
The minimum thickness of the concrete coating shall not be less than 25 mm according to DEP
31.40.30.30 section 1.1.
3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOTECHNICAL DATA
3.5.1 General
Environmental and geotechnical data used for the pipeline stability analysis are taken from the
documents FYP-TPD-GEN-AA-7704-00001 - “Basis for Design Update for Forcados Yokri Integrated
Redevelopment Project (FYIP)” and SDA-NG01006306B-ODIPL-LA-7180-00004 “Geotechnical
Survey - Activities and data report”.
3.5.2 Densities of Surrounding Medium

For swamp and river sections along the pipeline route the following densities are considered in this
report:
Swampy soil (Bulk density) 1500 kg/m³

Water density (Cloudy water) 1150 kg/m³
3.5.3 Ground Water
The water level fluctuates due to seasonal, tidal and other factor. For the purpose of design, the
pipeline will be considered fully immersed in water for the design life.
3.5.4 Water Current and Waves
From water current reduction readings recorded during the pre-engineering survey, a water current of
0.430m/s and 0.306m/s has been calculated as the averages for mornings and daytime respectively
for the river crossing taking into consideration that the width is approximately 200m.
Wave and tide effects are considered to be negligible for the purpose of stability calculations.
4 STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
4.1 GENERAL
The pipeline will be protected against corrosion with a three-layer polyethylene coating. Concrete
weight coating will be applied to the swampy section and water course crossings of the pipelines, if
required, for stability purpose.
Stability calculations have to be carried out for the following phases as the worst-case scenario:
• Installation
• Operating
For the detailed description of the above cases see section 5.
4.2 SWAMP SECTIONS
The route of the pipeline traverses large swamp areas. This report considers these pipeline sections
as completely immersed in brackish water for the design life.
4.3 RIVER AND CREEKS SECTIONS
The proposed 18” X 5.5Km Odidi-ELPS Pipeline crosses small creeks and channels and a medium
river of about 200m wide.
During installation the effect of the water current can be considered negligible for the pipe stability
due to the method of construction. The pipelines will be gently dragged close to the bottom of the pre-
excavated trench using semi-floatation methods and water current at the bottom of the trench can be
considered nil for the purpose of stability analysis.
If the river crossing will be crossed by using Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) technology, the
water current velocity shall have no effect and hence shall not be considered in the stability
calculations.
In the operating condition, the Odidi-ELPS pipeline will be buried to a safe depth of 1.2m (minimum)
along the swamp section of the pipeline route and 1.5m (minimum) at creek and river crossings
hence, no water current will affect its stability.
5 CALCULATION PROCEDURE
The buoyancy of a pipeline depends upon the weight of the pipe, the weight of the volume of water
displaced by the pipe, the weight of the fluid load carried by the pipe and the weight of the backfill.
The following cases were evaluated to assure pipeline stability:
• during the construction phase [CASE I]

• buried case [CASE II]
• in operation [CASE III]
During construction phase [CASE I], the following assumptions were made:
• Pipeline is empty;
• Wall thickness include corrosion allowance of 0.8mm;
• The trench is open and hence no backfill is present.
Buried case [CASE II], the following assumptions were made:

• Pipeline is empty;
• Wall thickness include corrosion allowance of 0.8mm;
• The trench is backfilled to a height of 0.25m (minimum) above the RoW trench level. See
TYPICAL TRENCH CONFIGURATION DETAILS SWAMP AND NORMAL AREAS — SDA-
NG01006306B-ODIPL-LA-2373-00003
In operation [CASE III] the following assumptions were made:
• Fluid is flowing inside pipeline;

• Corrosion allowance is not considered in the wall thickness;
• The trench is backfilled to a height of 0.25m (minimum) above the RoW trench level. See
TYPICAL TRENCH CONFIGURATION DETAILS SWAMP AND NORMAL AREAS — SDA-
NG01006306B-ODIPL-LA-2373-00003
Conservative Case:
For the conservative case, the soil backfill weight was assumed to have been almost completely
eroded. Hence the soil backfill weight was completely removed (not considered) for the purpose of
the calculation.
In all the above cases the water table has been assumed above the ground level and a low density
fluid (natural gas) is considered as the worst operational case.
The buoyancy factor is defined as the ratio between the mass of a known length of pipe with sealed
ends, and the mass of the volume of fluid that is displaced when the pipe is fully submerged.
If the upward force is smaller than the weight there will be no risk of floatation and the ratio is greater
than 1. In this condition the pipe will be negatively buoyant.
The safety factor F, is given by the following ratio:
Wcc + W p + Ws
F= 2
 Dext + cc 
  ∗p ∗γ w
 2 
Dext
where:
Wcc = concrete coated pipe weight

Wp
= pipe weight
Ws = soil weight (backfilling)
Dext + cc = outside pipe diameter with corrosion and concrete coating thickness
γw = water density
γ con = concrete density
Some of the formulas used are as follows:
Carbon Steel Weight W cs = p (Dst – t) t rst

Corrosion Coating Weight W cc = p (Dst + tcc) tcc rcc
Concrete Coating Weight W c = p (Dst + 2tcc + tc) tc rc
Weight of Contents W i = p/4 (ID)2 ri
Pipeline buoyancy, B = p/4 OD2 rsw
Where
D Outside diameter of pipe
ID Internal diameter of pipe
T Wall thickness of steel
tc Concrete coating thickness
tcc Corrosion coating thickness
rc Density of concrete coating
rcc Density of corrosion coating
ri Density of contents
rs Density of sand soil
rst Density of steel
rsw Density of water
To ensure the bottom stability of the pipeline under all conditions, the selected safety factor F should
be greater than 1.25 (refer to “Pipeline Design Guide Manual” — UIG-2015-08-00000001).
5.1 CALCULATION AND RESULTS
The calculation has been carried out using validated in-house spread sheets according to the above
mentioned procedure. Results of the calculation are given in Attachment.
6 CONCLUSION
From the stability calculation, the entire section of the 18” gas pipeline has to be weight-coated
3
uniformly with 40.0 mm of high-density (3040 kg/m ) concrete coating in order to keep the pipeline
down. The 18” line pipes for Odid-ELPS pipeline project are free issue and already 50mm thick high
density concrete coated (over-design). This 50.0mm concrete weight coating is adequate to keep the
pipeline down even with the complete erosion of the soil cover (backfill weight) as can be seen from
the attached calculation sheet for the conservative case of the pipeline buoyancy calculation. If the
river crossing is performed with HDD methodology no concrete coating shall be applied.
ATTACHMENTS
18", API- 5L X52, 12.70 mm THK PIPELINE (WITHOUT CONCRETE COATING)

PIPE BUOYANCY CALCULATION
INPUT DATA
Outside Diameter D = 457.2 mm
Pipe Wall Thickness (Installation Stage) t = 12.7 mm
Pipe Wall Thickness (After Long Period of Operation) t2 11.9 mm
Corrosion Coating Thickness tc = 3 mm
Concrete Coating Thickness t cc = 0 mm
Corrosion Allowance (CA) 0.8 mm
Total Diameter Dtotp = 463 mm
3
Density of Steel rs = 7850 kg/m
3
Corrosion Coating Density rc = 940 kg/m
3
Concrete Coating Density r cc = 0 kg/m
Concrete Coating Cut-back L = 0.3 m
3
Product Density r pr = 90 kg/m
3
Density of water rw = 1150 kg/m
Factor of safety Fs = 1.25
Burial depth db = 1.2 m
SOIL DATA
Water Specific Density = 11.28 kN/m3
3
Dry Soil Density rd = 6.62 kN/m
3
Saturated Soil Density r sat = 14.72 kN/m
3
Submerged Density r sub = 3.44 kN/m
OUTPUT
Bare Pipe Weight (W 1) (Installation Stage) = 1.366 KN/m
Bare Pipe Weight (W 1L) (After Long Period of Operation) 1.282 KN/m
Corrosion Coat Weight (W 2) = 0.040 KN/m
Concrete Coat Weight (W 3) = 0.000 KN/m
Weight of Product (W 4) = 0.129 KN/m
Backfill Weight (W 5) = 1.911 KN/m
Weight of Displaced Water (W 6) = 1.901 KN/m
Buoyancy of pipe (W b) = 1.901 KN/m
Total weight of pipe (W p) (Installation Stage) = W 1+W 2+W 3 = 1.406 KN/m
Total weight of pipe (W pl) (After Long Period of Operation) W 1L+W 2+W 3 = 1.322 KN/m
Submerged weight of pipe (Wsb) = Wp - Wb = -0.495 KN/m
FACTOR OF SAFETY
[ CASE I ]
Empty Pipe without backfilling (Installation Stage) W p/W b = 0.74 'FAIL'
Pipe with product without backfilling (W p+W 4)/W b = 0.81 'FAIL'
[ CASE II ]
Empty Pipe with backfilling (Installation Stage) (W p+W 5)/W b = 1.74 PASS
Empty Pipe with backfilling (After Long Period of Operatio (W pl+W 5)/W b = 1.70 PASS
[ CASE III ]
Pipe with product and backfilling (W pl+W 5+W 4)/W b = 1.77 PASS
UPWARD FORCE
Empty Pipe = 0.50 KN/m
Pipe with Product = 0.37 KN/m
THE PIPELINE DESIGN IS INADEQUATE,
CONCRETE COATING IS REQUIRED
18 INCH, API- 5L X52, 12.70mm THK PIPELINE (WITH CONCRETE COATING)

PIPE BUOYANCY CALCULATION
INPUT DATA
Total Diameter Dtotp = 543.2 mm
Density of Steel rs = 7850 kg/m3
3
3
3
3
SOIL DATA
3
3
3
OUTPUT
Submerged weight of pipe (Wsb) = Wp - Wb = 0.677 KN/m
FACTOR OF SAFETY
[ CASE I ]
Empty Pipe without backfilling (Installation Stage) W p/W b = 1.26 PASS
Pipe with product without backfilling (W p+W 4)/W b = 1.31 PASS
[ CASE II ]
[ CASE III ]
UPWARD FORCE
Empty Pipe = -0.68 KN/m
Pipe with Product = -0.81 KN/m
THE PIPELINE DESIGN IS ADEQUATE.
18", API- 5L X52, 12.70 mm THK PIPELINE

(WITHOUT CONCRETE COATING & BACKFILL WEIGHT)
PIPE BUOYANCY CALCULATION — CONSERVATIVE CASE
INPUT DATA
Total Diameter Dtotp = 463 mm
3
Density of Steel rs = 7850 kg/m
3
3
3
3
SOIL DATA
3
3
3
OUTPUT
Submerged weight of pipe (Wsb) = Wp - Wb = -0.495 KN/m
FACTOR OF SAFETY
[ CASE I ]
Empty Pipe without backfilling (Installation Stage) W p/W b = 0.74 'FAIL'
Pipe with product without backfilling (W p+W 4)/W b = 0.81 'FAIL'
[ CASE II ]
Empty Pipe with backfilling (Installation Stage) (W p+W 5)/W b = 0.74 'FAIL'
Empty Pipe with backfilling (After Long Period of Operatio (W pl+W 5)/W b = 0.70 'FAIL'
[ CASE III ]
Pipe with product and backfilling (W pl+W 5+W 4)/W b = 0.76 'FAIL'
UPWARD FORCE
Empty Pipe = 0.50 KN/m
Pipe with Product = 0.37 KN/m
THE PIPELINE DESIGN IS INADEQUATE,
CONCRETE COATING IS REQUIRED
18 INCH, API- 5L X52, 12.70mm THK PIPELINE

(WITH CONCRETE COATING BUT WITHOUT BACKFILL WEIGHT)
PIPE BUOYANCY CALCULATION — CONSERVATIVE CASE
INPUT DATA
Total Diameter Dtotp = 563.2 mm
Density of Steel rs = 7850 kg/m3
3
3
3
3
SOIL DATA
3
3
3
OUTPUT
Submerged weight of pipe (Wsb) = Wp - Wb = 0.999 KN/m
FACTOR OF SAFETY
[ CASE I ]
Empty Pipe without backfilling (Installation Stage) W p/W b = 1.36 PASS
Pipe with product without backfilling (W p+W 4)/W b = 1.40 PASS
[ CASE II ]
[ CASE III ]
UPWARD FORCE
Empty Pipe = -1.00 KN/m
Pipe with Product = -1.13 KN/m
THE PIPELINE DESIGN IS ADEQUATE.

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Shell Petroleum Development Company Of Nigeria Ltd.

Classification Status RESTRICTED

Contract Title ODIDI ELPS GAS PIPELINES

Shell Project Ref. NG01006306B

Node Name ODIDI

Document Title STABILITY ANALYSIS

Shell Document No. SDA-NG01006306B-ODIPL-LA-0510-00001

Revision No. C04

Revision Date 09.03.2017

Revision Date Description Originator Checker Approver

C04 09.03.2017 Re-Issued for Construction O.Akinrinbola K.Ekiotenne C.Waccher

Client: Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd.

KEY WORDS: SPDC, ODIDI-ELPS, PIPELINE STABILITY ANALYSIS

Desicon Document No Shell document No Description Page

SUMMARY PAGE ............................................................................................................................................ 2

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

It comprises of Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Commissioning of a gas pipeline, 18” x

• Health, Safety, Security and Environmental Management of all activities.

API American Petroleum Institute

2 SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS

2.1 SHELL DEPS

DEP 31.40.00.10-Gen Pipeline Engineering

DEP 31.40.30.30 Concrete Coating of Linepipes

Pipeline Design Guide Manual — UIG-2015-08-00000001

2.2 NIGERIAN NATIONAL STANDARDS (REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS)

The Mineral Oils (Safety) Regulations of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

The Oil Pipelines Act (1990)

Supplement to the Nigerian oil and Gas Pipelines Regulations (1995)

2.3 INTERNATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS

ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems (2014)

Nominal pipe diameters inches

3 DESIGN BASIS AND DATA

Pipeline Name Nominal pipeline size Wall Thickness

3.2 MECHANICAL/PIPELINE DESIGN DATA

Diameter DN 450 (18’’) Gas pipeline

3.3 LINE PIPE MATERIALS

Steel density 7850 kg/m3

Wall Thickness See section 3.1 and 3.2

3.4 PIPELINE COATING MATERIALS

The following data and densities are used in the analysis:

3L-PE density 940 kg/m³

3L-PE minimum thickness 3.0 mm

Minimum concrete coating density 3040 kg/m3

3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOTECHNICAL DATA

3.5.2 Densities of Surrounding Medium

Swampy soil (Bulk density) 1500 kg/m³

3.5.3 Ground Water

3.5.4 Water Current and Waves

For the detailed description of the above cases see section 5.

4.2 SWAMP SECTIONS

4.3 RIVER AND CREEKS SECTIONS

• during the construction phase [CASE I]

Buried case [CASE II], the following assumptions were made:

In operation [CASE III] the following assumptions were made:

• Fluid is flowing inside pipeline;

The safety factor F, is given by the following ratio:

Wcc = concrete coated pipe weight

Carbon Steel Weight W cs = p (Dst – t) t rst

5.1 CALCULATION AND RESULTS

18", API- 5L X52, 12.70 mm THK PIPELINE (WITHOUT CONCRETE COATING)

18 INCH, API- 5L X52, 12.70mm THK PIPELINE (WITH CONCRETE COATING)

18", API- 5L X52, 12.70 mm THK PIPELINE

18 INCH, API- 5L X52, 12.70mm THK PIPELINE

THE PIPELINE DESIGN IS ADEQUATE.