Escolar Documentos
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NUEVO LEON
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
MECANICA Y ELECTRICA
ACTIVIDAD FUNDAMENTAL 2
“ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES”
CULTURA INGLESA
Grade: 7/10 the bibliography is missing and there are other files in the USB
Aunque Estados Unidos sigue siendo un destino habitual para los científicos de
casi todo el mundo, Suiza tiene el mayor porcentaje de científicos inmigrantes. Por
el contrario, Japón es el país con menor intercambio de especialistas.
SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE “LA FUGA DE CEREBROS CRECE EN MEXICO”
Mexico contributes to world knowledge production by less than 1%. The 30% of
Mexicans who graduate as doctor per million inhabitants is insufficient to achieve
the human capital that is required in the near future. I point out a report from a
study center and public opinion (CESOB).
According to the document brain drain prepared by: Jose de Jesus Gonzales
Rodriguez CESOB researcher of the chamber of deputies worldwide in Mexico
private and public scientific investment is invested almost 4% but is insufficient. In
2012, they added 0.5% of GDP, the lowest among OECD members even below
the Latin American average. Mexican scientists travel abroad to pursue their
postgraduate education, mainly to the United States and Great Britain.
85% of those who hold post doctoral stays in the exact sciences do so in other
countries.
The brain drain starts from the student stage if the students move abroad find a
source of work, or join a team in the country or region they arrive.
75% of Mexicans migrate to complete their doctorate and 12% to have a job offer.
For the year 2000 it was estimated that 895,515 Mexicans with higher education
resided in the United States of which 6.6% had postgraduate studies.
Between 1990 and 2005, the Mexican migrant population with professional and
postgraduate education living in the United States almost quadrupled from 114,522
to 442,960 people, there was a constant growth rate of 8.9% and of vocationally
trained migrants, 17% I had postgraduate studies.
The database of the national system of researchers (SIN) of the National Council
of Science and Technology (CONACYT) registers that the area of social sciences,
41% of its Mexican or foreign members, obtained their last degrees abroad.
QUESTIONS ABOUT DE ARTICLE: “FUGA DE CEREBROS CRECE EN
MEXICO”
2. What is the percentage of Mexicans who migrate to complete their doctorate and
what percentage to have a job offer?
A = 75% of Mexicans migrate to finish their doctorate and 12% to have a job offer.
3. By the year 2000, how many Mexicans with higher education resided in the
United States? And what percentage of this figure counted with a postgraduate
study?
A = For the year 2000, it was calculated that 895,515 Mexicans with higher
education resided in the United States, of whom 6.6% had postgraduate studies.
ARTICLE: “México es el séptimo país con mayor fuga de cerebros: OCDE; se
van en busca de empleos mejor pagados.”
“Creo que una vez que has estudiado una licenciatura o una maestría y el país no
te aporta una oferta laboral en la que te puedas desarrollar, es muy difícil que te
puedes quedar”, opina Alberto Rius Vidales, estudiante del noveno semestre de la
licenciatura de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica en la Universidad Iberoamericana.
Otra razón que motiva al joven a migrar es, según él, la calidad académica: “En
México estamos un tanto rezagados en cuanto a conocimientos, en comparación
con universidades de primer mundo como MIT, Standford, TU Delft, Manchester”.
“Hay muchas universidades en todo el mundo que tienen grupos muy grandes y
competentes en investigación y donde el mexicano que tiene el talento suficiente
y la educación en estas ramas de la tecnología y la ciencia muy específicas,
buscan esas universidades”, explica Fernández.
Para retener a todo este talento, Fernández sugiere que el país desarrolle un
programa de investigación mucho más agresivo en las universidades nacionales,
tanto públicas como privadas, y que busque la manera de financiar estos
programas y premiar con incentivos económicos a los investigadores mexicanos
para que hagan sus investigaciones en el país.
REGRESAR O NO
Al igual que Alberto, Juan José Fernández, que está a punto de iniciar una
maestría en negocios en la Universidad de Harvard, su intención es regresar a
México, pero no descarta trabajar en el extranjero:
“Finalmente es el país donde crecí y le tengo mucho cariño y donde siento que
hay muchas oportunidades. Sin embargo, siempre existe la posibilidad de
encontrar una buena oferta, no solamente en Estados Unidos sino en Europa o en
cualquier parte de Asia y tomarla, dependiendo de los otros factores que se
presenten al momento de tomar la decisión”, comenta Fernández, e insiste: “A
través de esta maestría y de mis conocimientos previos es lograr poder tener un
impacto positivo en mi país”.
“Me gustaría quedarme en Estado Unidos porque allí tienen mejor infraestructura y
aquí en México apenas está empezando a desarrollarse la industria aeronáutica”,
señala González Maganda.
JÓVENES DESTACADOS
El objetivo del concurso consistía en diseñar un avión que levante el mayor peso
posible, controlado por radio control o por GPS, destinado a asistir a comunidades
aisladas por desastres naturales.
Mexico ranks seventh among countries with the largest brain drain according to the
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ranking. According to
the figures of 2011, of its 11.2 million migrants, 867 thousand have undergraduate and
postgraduate studies.
"I think that once you have studied a bachelor's degree or a master's degree and
the country does not provide you with a job offer in which you can develop, it is
very difficult to stay," says Alberto Rius Vidales, a student of the ninth semester of
the bachelor's degree of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering at the Universidad
Iberoamericana.
In the field of engineering, Mexico lags behind "five or ten years", compared to
other foreign universities. Alberto concludes: "If the country offered these two
aspects, the labor supply and the academic quality, I think there would not be such
a brain drain."
For Juan José Fernández, a young mechanical engineer working for an automotive
company in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the flight of talent occurs in the area of science and
technology research due to lack of economic support.
"There are many universities around the world that have very large and competent
groups in research and where the Mexican who has the talent and education in
these branches of very specific technology and science, are looking for those
universities," explains Fernandez.
GO BACK OR NOT. Alberto Ruis Vidales plans to study a master's degree in
aerospace engineering with a specialization in aerodynamics in the United States,
and is convinced to return and share his knowledge with the country. However, it
recognizes that there are limitations:
"Mexico is a developing country, we have a lot to offer and we are from countries
with more engineers. I think it is important to get the knowledge and bring them to
the country, however, it is often very difficult to return because the industry simply
does not allow you to develop the knowledge of mastery and really find a job where
you can apply them, "says Rius Vidales , and adds: "I would like to go back and do
something for my country."
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ARTICLE: “México es el séptimo país con mayor
fuga de cerebros: OCDE; se van en busca de empleos mejor pagados.”
1. Where is Mexico from the countries with the highest brain drain according to the
OECD ranking?
A = Mexico ranks seventh among countries with the greatest brain drain according
to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ranking.
2. Regarding the opinion of Alberto Rius Vidales Why is it very difficult for students
to stay in Mexico after finishing their degree or master's degree?
A = "I think once you have studied a bachelor's degree or a master's degree and
the country does not provide you with a job offer in which you can develop, it's very
difficult to stay," says Alberto Rius Vidales, student of the ninth semester of the
degree of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering at the Universidad
Iberoamericana.
3. Once some students study abroad and say they return to Mexico, they
encounter some limitations. Which liminants would these be according to the
opinion of Alberto Rius Vidales?
A = "Mexico is a developing country, we have a lot to offer and we are from
countries with more engineers. I think it is important to get the knowledge and bring
them to the country, however, it is often very difficult to return because the industry
simply does not allow you to develop the knowledge of mastery and really find a
job where you can apply them, "says Rius Vidales .
ARTICLE: “La fuga de cerebros en México también es una realidad.”
Conocida como fuga de cerebros esta una circunstancia ha afectado a una gran
parte de los países del mundo. En el que lo más preparados "huyen" para buscar
algo mejor. Con la peculiar tendencia norte-sur, en la que entran en juego las
implicaciones históricas y culturales, miles de jóvenes han migrado a otros lugares.
España tiene su lucha sempiterna con convencer los jóvenes de que no migren al
paraíso de los ingenieros, Alemania. Y también México que, por su cercanía y
vinculación a Estados Unidos, tiene un gran caballo de batalla que afrontar.
Las diferencias entre estas regiones con sus respectivos nortes siguen siendo
inmensas, pese a las mejoras. En el caso de México, más de 13 millones viven en
Estados Unidos. De los cuales, una gran parte son jóvenes y con estudios de índole
tecnológico. Y es que, las comparaciones son odiosas. El sueldo de un ingeniero de
Silicon Valley es 20 veces que el recibe un profesional en el mismo puesto ubicado
en México según la red de contratación Hired, y 16 veces superior según el Instituto
Mexicano de Competitividad. Y pese a la diferencia entre las cifras, la cuestión es
que sigue habiendo un abismo entre ambos ecosistemas.
Las diferencias entre el coste de vida, que para nada pueden ser comparables,
explican esa variable. Además de la presencia en Silicon Valley de algunas de las
empresas más grandes del mundo, con más oportunidades y posibilidades. Con
este panorama, difícil no irse y difícil también competir contra ellos.
Todo paraíso tiene su parte fea y, por supuesto, Silicon Valley no está exento de
ello. El nivel de vida es superior porque los sueldos son superiores, y viceversa. Las
oportunidades son muchas porque hay cientos de grandes empresas dispuestas a
luchar por el mejor talento, y viceversa. Pero, y aquí viene la parte mala, la
competencia también es feroz. Medio mundo tiene los ojos puestos en el
caramelo que se reparte en Silicon Valley y todos quieren llevarse su parte.
That the world has become a whole in which you can cross borders is a fact that
everyone knows. For better or for worse, this question is a reality. In the positive
view we have the increase of opportunities, work options and knowledge. On the
negative side, a phenomenon that, by circumstances, has forced many to seek the
future outside their place of origin not by desire, but by obligation.
Known as a brain drain this circumstance has affected a large part of the countries
of the world. In which the most prepared "flee" to look for something better.
In the case of Mexico, more than 13 million live in the United States. Of which, a
large part are young and with studies of a technological nature. And is that, the
comparisons are hateful. The salary of a Silicon Valley engineer is 20 times that he
receives a professional in the same position located in Mexico according to the
Hired recruitment network, and 16 times higher according to the Mexican Institute
of Competitiveness. And despite the difference between the figures, the point is
that there is still an abyss between both ecosystems.
Every paradise has its ugly part and, of course, Silicon Valley is not exempt from it.
The standard of living is higher because salaries are higher, and vice versa. The
opportunities are many because there are hundreds of big companies willing to
fight for the best talent, and vice versa. But, and here comes the bad part, the
competition is also fierce. Half the world has eyes on the candy that is distributed in
Silicon Valley and everyone wants to take their part
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ARTICLE “LA FUGA DE CEREBROS EN MEXICO
TAMBIEN ES UNA REALIDAD”.
A = In the positive point of view we have the increase of the opportunities, the
options of work and the knowledge. On the negative side, a phenomenon that, by
circumstances, has forced many to seek the future outside their place of origin not
by desire, but by obligation.
2. How many times is the salary received by a professional in Silicon Valley that a
Mexican receives, according to the Hired recruitment network and the Mexican
Institute of Competitiveness?
A = The competition is also fierce. Half the world has eyes on the candy that is
distributed in Silicon Valley and everyone wants to take their part
2. After working with the articles, answer the next questions:
R= Of course, if I could contribute, other than apply what was studied abroad for
the good of Mexico, and to start a new era for Mexico by exchanging and
combining foreign ideas.
Improve applications in the industry that are applied abroad, create a company that
is sustainable in Mexico and can create more better paid jobs with greater
competition at the Regional and National levels.
Apply all methods at industrial level of processes and safety and care for the
environment
c) Wich researcher that had left the country have been successful in other places?
1- Contraceptive pill
2- Color TV
3- Nixtamalization of corn