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Issue 01
Date 2017-03-20
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Contents
2 Overview......................................................................................................................................... 4
3 Technical Description...................................................................................................................5
3.1 AMR Speech Encoding and Decoding........................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 AMR Speech Decoding Using the Viterbi Algorithm....................................................................................................6
3.3 AMR Speech Decoding Using the PLVA....................................................................................................................... 7
4 Related Features.............................................................................................................................9
5 Network Impact........................................................................................................................... 10
6 Engineering Guidelines............................................................................................................. 11
6.1 When to Use AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA............................................................................... 11
6.2 Planning........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
6.2.1 RF Planning............................................................................................................................................................... 11
6.2.2 Network Planning...................................................................................................................................................... 11
6.2.3 Hardware Planning.................................................................................................................................................... 11
6.3 Deployment...................................................................................................................................................................11
6.3.1 Requirements............................................................................................................................................................. 12
6.3.2 Data Preparation........................................................................................................................................................ 13
6.3.3 Activation.................................................................................................................................................................. 13
6.3.3.1 Using MML Commands......................................................................................................................................... 13
6.3.3.2 MML Command Examples.................................................................................................................................... 13
6.3.3.3 Using the CME....................................................................................................................................................... 13
6.3.4 Activation Observation..............................................................................................................................................14
6.3.5 Deactivation...............................................................................................................................................................14
6.3.5.1 Using MML Commands......................................................................................................................................... 14
6.3.5.2 MML Command Examples.................................................................................................................................... 14
6.3.5.3 Using the CME....................................................................................................................................................... 14
6.4 Performance Monitoring...............................................................................................................................................15
7 Parameters..................................................................................................................................... 17
8 Counters........................................................................................................................................ 18
9 Glossary......................................................................................................................................... 19
10 Reference Documents............................................................................................................... 20
1.1 Scope
This document describes WRFD-140201 AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA,
including its technical principles, related features, network impact, and engineering
guidelines. AMR stands for Adaptive Multirate, and PLVA stands for Parallel List Viterbi
Algorithm.
NE Type NE Model
Micro BTS3911E
l Feature change
Changes in features and parameters of a specified version
l Editorial change
Changes in wording or addition of information and any related parameters affected by
editorial changes
RAN19.1 01 (2017-03-20)
This issue does not include any changes.
The feature described in this document is implemented in the same way on macro, micro, and
LampSite base stations.
2 Overview
AMR audio codec is a patented speech coding scheme adopted by the 3GPP as the standard
codec for UMTS. Channel encoding for AMR voice services uses convolutional codes. The
Viterbi algorithm is used by most vendors and in previous Huawei products. In RAN14.0,
Huawei introduces the AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA feature as an
improvement to the Viterbi algorithm method of decoding to decode convolutional codes.
Because both voice and signaling use convolutional codes for channel encoding, the PLVA
algorithm can improve the voice service quality and user experience without affecting power
control or system capacity. This feature introduces more robustness to voice services in weak
coverage scenarios, and improves the uplink coverage for signaling on the DCH.
The AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA feature does not depend on other
features and can be used in conjunction with other features.
3 Technical Description
Figure 3-1 Channel encoding and power control for UMTS AMR voice services in the uplink
As shown in Figure 3-1, the UE uses convolutional codes to encode AMR voice data and
sends the encoded data to the NodeB. The NodeB decodes the received data and performs a
cyclic redundancy check (CRC) on the decoded data. The NodeB then sends the decoded data
and a CRC indicator (CRCI) to the RNC. The RNC calculates the block error rate (BLER) for
outer loop power control (OLPC) based on all the CRCIs received. The RNC then sends the
decoded data and CRCI to the core network (CN) for AMR voice data decoding (source
decoding).
NOTE
The RNC calculates the BLER for OLPC based on the ratio of CRCIs indicating CRC failures to all
CRCIs.
AMR voice services include narrowband and wideband AMR voice services. There are three
classes of narrowband AMR voice services: A, B, and C. There are two classes of wideband
AMR voice services: A and B. The Viterbi algorithm and PLVA apply to both narrowband
and wideband AMR voice services. The following description is based on narrowband AMR
voice services. Of the three classes of narrowband AMR voice services, class A is of high
importance and includes a 12-bit number used for CRC. The other classes are of low
importance and CRC is not performed on them. Figure 3-2 shows the separate channel
encoding for classes A, B, and C of narrowband AMR services.
Figure 3-2 Channel encoding for classes A, B, and C of narrowband AMR services
The Viterbi algorithm selects the optimal path based on the maximum likelihood theory and
exports the data decoded on the optimal path. If the data decoded on the optimal path fails the
CRC, the AMR speech codec discards the data. As a result, voice quality deteriorates.
Figure 3-4 shows the narrowband AMR speech decoding using the Viterbi algorithm.
Figure 3-4 Narrowband AMR speech decoding using the Viterbi algorithm
As shown in Figure 3-4, the three AMR voice classes are separately decoded by the Viterbi
decoder, and the CRC is performed only on the decoded data of class A. The Viterbi CRCI is
used as a reference for OLPC and is also sent as a bad frame indication (BFI) to the AMR
speech codec on the CN. If a BFI indicates that a speech frame is erroneous, the AMR speech
codec on the CN discards the speech frame to prevent noise.
Instead of selecting only the most optimal path, the PLVA selects the top N (N is 4 in this
document) optimal paths and performs CRC on the data decoded on these paths. The PLVA
only exports data that passes the CRC. If the data decoded on these paths fails the CRC, the
PLVA exports the data decoded on the most optimal path, which is the same path selected by
the Viterbi algorithm. The PLVA outperforms the Viterbi algorithm because it chooses the
data decoded on multiple paths, which include the optimal one selected by the Viterbi
algorithm. Therefore, when the data decoded by the Viterbi algorithm is correct, the data
decoded by the PLVA is also correct. However, when the data decoded by the PLVA is
correct, the data decoded by the Viterbi algorithm is not necessarily correct because there are
occasions when the data decoded on the optimal path is incorrect whereas the data decoded on
other paths selected by the PLVA is correct. In simulations where the PLVA selects four paths,
the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 0.2 to 0.8 dB greater than that produced by the Viterbi
algorithm.
Figure 3-6 shows the narrowband AMR speech decoding using the PLVA.
As shown in Figure 3-6, CRC is performed on the AMR voice data of class A and the data
can be decoded using the PLVA. The mean opinion score (MOS) of class A AMR voice data
is improved by reducing the BLER. CRC is not performed on classes B and C AMR voice
data which can only be decoded by using the Viterbi algorithm. The PLVA exports and sends
the decoded data, Viterbi CRCI, and PLVA CRCI to the RNC. The Viterbi CRCI is used for
OLPC. The PLVA CRCI serves as the BFI, indicating whether a speech frame is erroneous.
This dual-CRCI mechanism does not affect power control. In addition, the performance of the
AMR voice data of class A is improved, maximizing the speech quality. This feature
decreases the uplink BLER and improves the MOS of AMR voice service by using PLVA.
Further, it has no impact on the downlink.
4 Related Features
Prerequisite Features
None
Impacted Features
None
5 Network Impact
System Capacity
No impact.
Network Performance
This feature increases MOSs of AMR voice services, especially in areas with poor coverage,
and improves the uplink coverage for signaling on the DCH.
6 Engineering Guidelines
6.2 Planning
6.2.1 RF Planning
N/A
NOTE
When baseband processing units of different types are used together, AMR services cannot benefit from
the PLVA if the AMR services are set up on other types of baseband processing units.
6.3 Deployment
6.3.1 Requirements
l Operating environment
– The uplink resource group of the cell must have a baseband processing unit that
supports this feature. To check whether such a baseband processing unit is
configured, perform the following operations:
For the V200R015 NodeB, run the LST ULOCELL command to check for UL
Baseband Equipment ID to obtain the uplink resource group of the cell.
For the V200R015 NodeB, run the LST BASEBANDEQM command to check for
Baseband Equipment ID, Cabinet No., Subrack No., and Slot No. to obtain the
information about the target baseband processing unit.
l Hardware
Macro base stations must be configured with the WBBPd, WBBPf or UBBP board.
NOTE
When baseband processing units of different types are used together, AMR services cannot benefit
from the PLVA if the AMR services are set up on other types of baseband processing units.
l Other features
None
l License
For details about how to activate the license, see License Management Feature
Parameter Description.
Feature Feature License License License NE License Sal
ID Name Control Control Control Allocati es
Item ID Item Item on for Un
Name Name Multipl it
on e
U2000 Operat
GUI ors
If RAN Sharing is enabled, the licensed resource is allocated among the primary and
secondary operators according to the method listed in the License Allocation for
Multiple Operators column.
Method 2: Some license control items, for example, UL CE Num, can be allocated to
both the common group and private groups. In this case, the licensed value specified by
the private group is preferentially used, and the licensed value allocated to the common
group is used on a first-come, first-served basis. For NodeB license allocation in multi-
operator scenarios, see License Management Feature Parameter Description.
l Other NEs
None
6.3.3 Activation
NOTE
When configuring the feature on the CME, perform a single configuration first, and then perform a batch
modification if required.
Configure the parameters of a single object before a batch modification. Perform a batch modification
before logging out of the parameter setting interface.
Set parameters listed in the table in "Data Preparation" section from top to bottom on the
CME. For instructions on how to perform the CME single configuration, see CME Single
Configuration Operation Guide.
Step 2 (Optional) Modify objects in batches on the CME. (CME batch modification center)
To modify objects in batches, click on the CME to start the batch modification wizard.
For instructions on how to perform a batch modification through the CME batch modification
center, press F1 while running the wizard to obtain online help.
To check whether a parameter supports batch modification, see the Remarks column in the
table in "Data Preparation" section.
----End
6.3.5 Deactivation
The following table provides the parameter used to deactivate this feature.
Parameter Parameter ID Setting Notes Remarks
Name
Figure 6-1 MOS comparison for AMR 12.2 kbit/s voice (simulation result in the uplink)
The MOS gain produced by this feature needs to be tested using the MOS test instrument.
End-to-end MOS tests can be performed for this feature. It is recommended that only the
uplink MOS be tested because this feature provides uplink gains.
Fixed-point test in the lab and drive test are available, which are described as follows:
l Fixed-point test in the lab
To conduct a fixed-point test in the lab, perform the following steps:
a. Deactivate this feature and calculate the MOS.
b. Under the same conditions, reactivate this feature and calculate the MOS in the
same way.
The MOS gain is obtained by the average value calculated in step 2 minus that calculated
in step 1. The MOS gain is about 0.2 in laboratory cell-edge tests.
l Drive test
To conduct a drive test in the lab, perform the following steps:
a. Determine a test route, deactivate this feature, and calculate the MOS.
b. Under the same conditions, reactivate this feature and calculate the MOS in the
same route.
The MOS gain is obtained by the average value calculated in step 2 minus that calculated
in step 1. The MOS gain is over 0.1.
NOTE
In a drive test, the BLER fluctuates significantly. Therefore, the MOS gain obtained in a drive test is
different from that obtained in a fixed-point test in the lab.
6.6 Troubleshooting
The alarm cause "AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA not supported by the
cell" is added for ALM-28206 Local Cell Capability Decline.
7 Parameters
AMRIM BTS390 SET WRFD- AMR Meaning: Indicates the switch for AMR Voice Quality
PBASE 0, ULOCE 140201 Voice Improvement Based on PLVA in a cell. When this
DONPL BTS390 LLALG Quality switch is turned on, the cell supports the AMR Voice
VASW 0 PARA Improve Quality Improvement Based on PLVA function. When
WCDM LST ment this switch is turned off, the cell does not support the
A, ULOCE Based AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA
BTS590 LLALG on function.
0, PARA PLVA GUI Value Range: OFF(OFF), ON(ON)
BTS590
0 Unit: None
WCDM Actual Value Range: OFF, ON
A Default Value: OFF(OFF)
8 Counters
9 Glossary
10 Reference Documents
1. 3GPP TS 25.101, "User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD)"
2. 3GPP TS 25.212, "Channel Coding and Multiplexing"
3. 3GPP TS 26.090, "AMR Speech Codec; Speech transcoding," December 2009
4. License Management Feature Parameter Description