Tissues- are collection of specialized cells and extra cellular substances surrounding them.

Epithelial tissue- covers and protects surfaces both outside and inside the body.
 Mostly composed of cells.
 Covers body surface.
 Distinct cell surfaces
 Cell and matrix connection- bind adjacent epithelial cells together.
 Nonvascular- do not penetrate the basement membrane to reach the epithelium.
 Capable of regeneration- has the ability to replace damage.
Functions:
 Protecting underlying structures.
 Acting as a barrier- preventing from toxic molecules.
 Permitting the passage of substances-permits other substance to move through
 Secreting substances- secrete products into ducts that carry them to other areas of the body.
 Absorbing substance- contains proteins which regulate the absorption of materials.
Classification:
 Simple epithelium- single layer of cells, extending from the basement to the free surface.
 Stratified epithelium- more than one layer of cells but only basal layer attaches the deepest
layer to the basement.
 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium- appears to be stratified but it’s not. Consist of one
layer of cell with all cells attached to the basement.

3 types of epithelium
 Squamous- cells are flat; diffusion, filtration, some secretion and some protection against
friction
 Cuboidal- cube shape; secretion and absorption
 Columnar- tall and thin similar to a column; movement of particles out of the bronchioles.
Cell Connections
Desmosomes- consist of adhesive glocoproteins that bind cells together and intracellular proteins
attached to intermediate filaments that extend into the cytoplasm.
Hemidesmosomes- one half desmosome that attach cells to the basement membrane.
Tight junctions- hold cells together and form a permeability barrier. Formed by proteins in the
membrane of adjacent cells that join one another to make a very tight seal.
Adhesion belt- found below the tight junction that is located between the membrane of adjacent
cells and acts as weak glue that holds cell together.
Gap junction- aid intercellular communication allowing ions and small molecules to pass from one
cell to another.

Glands- secretory organ.

Exocrine- glands with ducts. Have extensive blood vessels.
 Hormones- secreted into the blood stream and carried throughout the body.
 Multicellular glands- composed of many cells
o Simple glands- single, non-branched duct.
o Compound glands- multiple, branched ducts.
 Unicellular glands- single cell
 Tubular- shaped as tublules
 Acinar/Alveolar- saclike structure