Ownership (Arts.

427-439, NCC)
A. Definition.

B. Bundle of rights included in ownership (jus utendi, etc.).

C. Other specific rights found in the Civil Code.

1) Right to exclude. Doctrine of self-help.

2) Right to enclose/fence.
3) Right to just compensation (expropriation).
4) Right to hidden treasure.
5) Right to space and subsoil.
6) Right to accession (discreta/continua).
7) Right to recover ownership/possession.

a) For immovable property:

i. Accion reivindicatoria.
ii. Accion publiciana.
iii. Forcible entry.
iv. Unlawful detainer.
v. Writ of possession.
vi. Writ of injunction.

b) For movable property:

i. Replevin.

 Hilario v Salvador; G.R. No. 160384. April 29, 2005.

 Sampayang v CA; G.R. No. 156360; January 14, 2005.
 Santos v Ayon; G.R. No. 137013; May 6, 2005.
 Ganila v CA; G.R. No. 150755; June 28, 2005.
 Ross Rica Sales Center v Sps Ong; G.R. No. 132197; August 16, 2005.
 Peralta-Labrador v Bugarin; G.R. No. 165177; August 25, 2005.
 Serina v Caballero; G.R. No. 127382; August 17, 2004.
 Perez v Mendoza; G.R. No. L-22006; July 28, 1975.
 Dizon v CA; G.R. No. 101929; January 6, 1993.
 Alim v CA; G.R. No. 93213; August 9, 1991.
 D. Limitations on Real Right of Ownership. ii) Natural.
Alluvium.
1) General limitations:  Republic v CA; G.R. No. L-61647. October 12, 1984.
 Police Power (Art. 436).
 Grande v CA; G.R. No. L-17652. June 30, 1962.
 Taxation.
 Eminent Domain (Art. 435 NCC).  Republic v Meneses; G.R. No. L-61647. October 12, 1984.
Avulsion.
2) Specific limitations:  Heirs of Navarro v IAC; G.R. No. 68166. February 12, 1997.
 Legal servitudes/easements. Change of course of river.
 By contract, stipulation, last will, donation.  Baes v CA; G.R. No. 108065. July 6, 1993.
 Binalay v Manalo; G.R. No. 92161. March 18, 1991. |||
3) Other limitations: Arts. 431(sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas), 432 (necessity),
Formation of islands.
637, 644, 649, 652, 670, 676-679, 684-687, 2191, 694-707 (nuisance).
iii) Reverse accession.
b) Over movables.
 Churchill & Tait v Rafferty; G.R. No. L-10572 December 21, 1915.
i) Conjunction and adjunction.
 Taxicab Operators v Board of Transportation; G.R. No. L-59234; September 30,
1982. Inclusion or engraftment.
 Republic v Castellvi; G.R. No. L-20620; August 15, 1974. Soldadura.
 City Govt of Quezon City v Ericta; G.R. No. L-34915; June 24, 1983. Tejido.
 Republic v PLDT; G.R. No. L-18841; January 27, 1969. Escritura.
 U.S. v Causby; 328 U.S. 256; May 27,1946. Pintura.
 Lunod v Meneses; G.R. No. 4223; August 19, 1908. ii) Commixion and confusion.
 Siari Valley Estates v Lucasan; 97 Phil 987. G.R. No. L-7046;
G.R. No. L-11005. October 31, 1957.
Right of Accession (Arts. 440-475 NCC)  Montelibano v Bacolod Murcia; G.R. No. L-5416; July 26, 1954.
Concept/Definition iii) Specification.

Kinds of Accession

1) Discreta (fruits).
 Bachrach v Seifert; G.R. No. L-2659. October 12, 1950.
 Bachrach Motor v Talisay-Silay; G.R. No. 35223. September 17, 1931.
 Equatorial v Mayfair; G.R. No. 133879. November 21, 2001.
2) Continua.
a) Over immovables.
i) Artificial/industrial – BPS
 Bernardo v Bataclan; G.R. No. 44606. November 28, 1938.
 Ignacio v Hilario; G.R. No. L-175. April 30, 1946.
 Sarmiento v Agana; G.R. No. 57288. April 30, 1984.
 Depra v Dumlao; G.R. No. L-57348. May 16, 1985.
 Tecnogas Phil v CA; G.R. No. 108894. February 10, 1997.
 Ortiz v Kayanan; G.R. No. L-32974. July 30, 1979.
 Geminiano v CA; G.R. No. 120303. July 24, 1996.
 Pleasantville Devt Corp v CA; G.R. No. 79688; February 1, 1996.
 Felices v Iriola; G.R. No. L-11269. February 28, 1958.
 Sps Nuguid v CA (2005); G.R. No. 151815. February 23, 2005.z