Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
PREFIXES
A
• a-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, as-, at- to, toward, near, in addition to
o aside (adverb): to or toward the side
a + side
o accompany (verb): to go with someone as a companion
ac + com + pan + y
o adjust (verb): to correct, to move closer to a correct position
ad + just
o affix (verb): to attach to something, to fasten
af + fix
o aggression (noun): hostile behavior towards someone or something
ag + gress + ion
o allocate (verb): to distribute to specific people or for specific purposes
al + loc + ate
o annihilate (verb): to destroy
an + nihil + ate
o associate (verb): to join with
as + soci + ate
o attend (verb): to look after, to go to
at + tend
• ante- before
o anterior (adjective): before or near the front
ante + rior
• anti- against
o antipathy (noun): dislike, opposite feeling
anti + path + y
• auto- self
o automotive (adjective): related to self-propelled machines
auto + mot + ive
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• bi- two
o biped (noun): a two-footed animal
bi + ped
o biennial (adjective): happening every two years bi + enni + al
• circum- around
o circumvent (verb): to manage to get around a situation
circum + vent
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• extra- beyond
o extraordinary (adjective): going beyond normal
extra + ordin + ary
• intro- into
o introspection (noun): to look into one's own thoughts and feelings
intro + spect + ion
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• mal- bad
o malfunction (noun): when something does not work properly
mal + funct + ion
• mis- wrong
o misconduct (noun): wrong doing, bad behavior
mis + con + duct
• mono- one
o monologue (noun): a dramatic performance or speech given by one actor
mono + logue
• multi- many
o multiply (verb): to increase in number
multi + ply
• non- not, no
o nonsense (noun): something that has no meaning or makes no sense
non + sense
• para- beside
o paradox (noun): a statement that seems true and contradictory at the same
time
para + dox
• per- through
o persecute (verb): to go after, to pursue
per + secute
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• post- after
o postpone (verb): to put off to a later time, to delay
post + pone
• pre- before
o precede (verb): to go before, to come in front of
pre + cede
• retro- backward
o retrospect (noun) to look back at past events
retro + spect
• semi- half
o semiannual (adjective): occurring twice a year
semi + annu + al
• sub-, suc-, suf-, sup-, sur-, sus under, beneath, near, from below, secretly, above, up
o submarine (adjective): underwater
sub + mar + ine
o succeed (verb): to do well, to come after
suc + ceed
o suffice (verb): to be enough
suf + fice
o support (verb): to hold up, too keep up
sup + port
o survive (verb): to live, to live through something, to exist
sur + vive
o sustain (verb): to keep up, to hold up,
sus + tain
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• tri- three
o tripod (noun): a three-legged stand
tri + pod
• uni- one
o uniform (adjective): having the same form or consistancy
uni + form
SUFFIXES
NOUNS
• -acy, -cy
o Noun: state or quality
privacy: the state of being alone
priv + acy
infancy: the state of being a baby or young child
in + fan + cy
• -age
o Noun: activity, or result of action
courage : having the spirit to overcome fear
cour + age
• -al
o Noun: action, result of action
referral : the action of directing a person to another place, person or
thing
re + ferr + al
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• -an
o Noun: person
artisan : a craftsperson
arti + san
• -ance, -ence
o Noun: action, state, quality or process
resistance : the action of opposing something
re + sist + ance
independence: the state of not being under the control of others, free,
self-governing
in + de + pend + ence
• -ancy, -ency
o Noun: state, quality or capacity
vacancy : an empty room or position
vac + ancy
agency: the capacity to exert power or influence, a position or person
that performs a function
ag + ency
• -ant, -ent
o Noun: an agent, something that performs the action
disinfectant : an agent that destroys germs, somthing that cleans
dis + in + fect + ant
dependent: a thing supported by another, a thing determined by
another
de + pend + ent
• -ate
o Noun: state, office, fuction
candidate : a person nominated for an office or position
candid + ate
• -ation
o Noun: action, resulting state
specialization : the result of being distinguished by one quality or
ability
spec + ial + iz + ation
• -dom
o Noun: place, state of being
wisdom : possessing knowledge
wis + dom
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• -er, -or
o Noun: person or thing that does something
porter : a person who carries things
port + er
collector: a person who collects or gathers things
col + lect + or
• -ful
o Noun: an amount or quanity that fills
mouthful : an amount that fills the mouth
mouth + ful
• -ian, an
o Noun: related to, one that is
pedestrian : a person who walks
ped + estr + ian
human: a person
hum + an
• -ia
o Noun: names, diseases
phobia : an illogical fear of something
phob + ia
• -iatry
o Noun: art of healing
psychiatry : branch of medicine that deals with the mind and emotions
psych + iatry
• -ic, ics
o Noun: related to the arts and sciences
arithmetic : a branch of math that usually deals with non-negative
numbers
arithm + et + ic
economics: the social science related to studying business
eco + nom + ics
• -ice
o Noun: act
malice : the desire to do evil
mal + ice
• -ing
o Noun: material made for, activity, result of an activity
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• -ion
o Noun: condition or action
abduction : the action of carrying someone away by force
ab + duct + ion
• -ism
o Noun: doctrine, belief, action or conduct
formalism : a belief in sticking to prescribed forms or artistic styles
form + al + ism
• -ist
o Noun: person or member
podiatrist : a foot doctor
pod + iatr + ist
• -ite
o Noun: product or part
graphite : a black material used in making pencils
graph + ite
• -ity, ty
o Noun: state or quality
lucidity : clear thinking
luc + id + ity
novelty: something new or unusual
nov + el + ty
• -ive
o Noun: condition
native : a person born in a specific place
nat + ive
• -ment
o Noun: condition or result
document : an official paper usually showinf proof or evidence of
something
docu + ment
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• -ness
o Noun: state, condition, quality
kindness : the quality of being kind or nice
kind + ness
• -or
o Noun: condition or activity
valor : bravery, courage
val + or
• -ory
o Noun: place for, serves for
territory : an area around a place
territ + ory
• -ship
o Noun: status, condition
relationship : the state of being related or connected to something or
someone
re + lat + ion + ship
• -ure
o Noun: act, condition, process, function
exposure : the condition of being exposed or unprotected
pos + ure
• -y
o Noun: state, condition, result of an activity
society : companionship
soci + et + y
victory: the result of winning something
vict + or + y
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VERBS
• -ate
o Verb: cause to be
graduate : to give a degree to, to pass from one stage to the next
gradu + ate
• -ed
o Verb: past tense
attained : something that has been reached or grasped
at + tain + ed
• -en
o Verb: to cause to become
moisten : to cause to become moist or damp
moist + en
• -er, -or
o Verb: action
ponder : to think about
pond + er
clamor: to make noise, to call for loudly
clam + or
• -ify
o Verb: cause
specify : to name or indicate in detail
spec + ify
• -ing
o Verb: present participle
depicting : showing, describing with images or pictures
de + pict + ing
• -ize
o Verb: cause
fantasize : to dream about something, to create images in the mind
fant + as + ize
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• -ure
o act
Verb: conjecture : to come to a conclusion by supposition or
guesswork
con + ject + ure
ADJECTIVES
• -able, -ible
o Adjective: worth, ability
solvable : able to be solved or explained
solv + able
incredible: not able to be believed, amazing
in + cred + ible
• -ar, -ary
o Adjective: resembling, related to
spectacular : related to something that is eye-catching or amazing
spectac + ul + ar
unitary : related to units or single groups representing quantities
unit + ary
• -ate
o Adjective: kind of state
inviolate : not disturbed, pure
in + viol + ate
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• -ed
o Adjective: having the quality of
terraced : having terraces or steps
terrac + ed
• -en
o Adjective: material
silken : made from silk, a fiber produced by worms
silk + en
• -er
o Adjective: comparative
brighter : more light
bright + er
• -est
o Adjective: superlative
strongest : having the most strength
strong + est
• -ful
o Adjective: having, giving, marked by
fanciful : marked by imagination
fanci + ful
• -ic
o Adjective: quality, relation
generic : related to a whole group
gener + ic
• -ile
o Adjective: having the qualities of
projectile : something thrown with an outside force
pro + ject + ile
• -ing
o Adjective: activity
cohering : the act of sticking together
co + her + ing
• -ish
o Adjective: having the character of
newish : modern, recent
new + ish
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
• -less
o Adjective: without, missing
motiveless : a reason for someone to do something
mot + ive + less
• -y
o Adjective: marked by, having
hungry : having hunger, marked by a desire
hungr + y
ADVERBS
• -fold
o Adverb: in a manner of, marked by
fourfold : being four times as great
four + fold
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• -ly
o Adverb: in the manner of
fluently : marked by ease of movement, effortlessly smooth
flu + ent + ly
• -ward
o Adverb: in a direction or manner
homeward : toward home
home + ward
• -wise
o Adverb: in the manner of, with regard to
timewise : with regard to time
time + wise
ROOTS
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
• brev: short
o Latin, brevis: short
o abbreviate (verb): to shorten
• chron: time
o Greek, khronos: time
o chronological (adjective): arranged in order of time or sequence
• corp: body
o Latin, corpus: body
o corporate (adjective): formed into a body or association, united in one group
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
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• form: shape
o Latin, forma: beauty, shape, form
o format (noun): the shape and size of something
• geo: earth
o Greek, ge: earth
o geography (noun): a science that describes the earth's surface
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• ment: mind
o Latin, mens: mind
o mental (adjective): related to the mind
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• nov: new
o latin, novus: new
o novice (noun): a beginner or newcomer
• oper: work
o Latin, opus: work
o operate (verb): to work, to perform
• path: feel
o Greek, pathos: feeling
o sympathy (noun): sharing another person's feelings
• ped: foot
o Latin, pes: foot
o impede (verb): to hinder, to slow down
• pod: foot
o Greek, pous: foot
o podium (noun): a platform, an area raised above the surrounding ground
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• phil: love
o Greek, philos: loving
o philosopher (noun): a person who seeks (loves) wisdom
• phon: sound
o Greek, phone: voice, sound
o phonetic (adjective): related to speech sounds
• port: carry
o Latin, portare: carry
o import (verb): to bring in from a foreign country
• psych: mind
o Greek, psukhe: soul, spirit
o psychology (noun): study of how the mind works
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• rupt: break
o Latin, rumpere: break
o rupture (verb): to break or burst
• sol: alone
o Latin, solus: alone, single
o solitary (adjective): being alone
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• terr: earth
o Latin, terra: earth
o territory (noun): area of land
• therm: heat
o Greek, therme: heat
o thermometer (noun): a device for measuring heat
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• uni: one
o Latin, unus: one
o unite (verb): to make one, to join together
• vac: empty
o Latin, vacare: to be empty
o vacant (adjective): empty, not occupied
• ver: true
o Latin, venus: true
o verify (verb): to confirm that something is true
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VOCABULARY LIST
A
act, ag
ag + ent
• auricular
o aur + ic + ul + ar
o The auricular ability of the cat is well-known.
am, ami
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
anim
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
bene
biblio
bio, bi
brev
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• capable (adjective): having the ablility to do something; having the traits necessary to
perform some action
o cap + able
o Jose is a very capable lawyer.
• captive (noun, adjective): a person held against his or her own will; held prisoner
o cap+ tive
o The captives were taken to the jail.
o Geoff had a captive audience.
• predecessor (noun): a person who has previously occupied a position that another has
taken over
o pre + de + cess + or
o I hope I can live up to my predecessor's reputation.
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
chron
clam, claim
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
cogn, gnos
• agnostic (noun): one who believes that any ultimate reality is unknowable
o ag + gnost + ic
o John is unsure of the reality of god and considers himself to be an agnostic.
corp
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cred
• course (noun, verb): forward movement, movement from point to point; to run along a
path
o course
o Blood courses through your veins with every beat of your heart.
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doc, doct
• doctor (noun): a person who has received the highest degree a university offers, a
physician
o doct + or
o Andre is going to medical school so that he can be a doctor like his mother.
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dog, dox
• paradox (noun): a statement that seems to contradict itself but contains some truth
o para + dox
o The paradox of the matter is that I want to see the opera but I also want to stay
home.
dec, dign
duc, duct
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
• produce (verb, noun): to bring forward, to make to bear or yield; something made or
grown
o pro + duce
o The lawyer produced new evidence at the trial.
o The produce from the farm will go to the market next week.
ev, et
• faint (adjective, verb): indistinct, not clearly perceived, weak; to lose consciousness
from lack of blood to the brain
o faint
o There is a faint odor of apples in this room.
o Some people faint at the sight of blood.
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
fig
• fashion (noun, verb): the form of something, style; to give shape or form to
o fash + ion
o The current fashion is hair worn short.
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
fer
• refer (verb): to classify within a general category, to send or direct to another source
o re + fer
o The patient was referred to a physical therapist for additional treatment.
fid
• fluent (adjective): capable of moving with ease, able to speak another language
o flu + ent
o The dancer had a fluent body.
o Juanita is fluent in several languages.
• influence (verb, noun): to have an effect on something; the ability to affect something
indirectly
o in + flu + ence
o It was John's success as a musician that influenced my decision to take guitar
lessons.
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
form
• format (noun): the shape and size of something, the arrangement of something
o form + at
o The format of this class will be half lecture and half class participation.
gen, gin
• generally (adverb): in a general manner, usually, with regard to the whole not
specifics
o gen + er + al + ly
o Generally, Lance leaves work at 5:00 p.m.
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
ge
gor
graph, graf
her, hes
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
lex, leg
• college (noun): a school for higher learning, a group of people having a common
purpose
o col + lege
o Yolanda is going to college to become a lawyer.
lect
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
loc
log
luc
man
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
mem
ment
min
mit, miss
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
nom
• synonym (noun): a word with a similar meaning to another word in the same language
o syn + onym
o The word "fair" is a synonym for the word "just."
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
nov
oper
pat
• patient (adjective, noun): calm, bearing pain without complaint; a person under
medical care
o pati + ent
o Josiah was patient as he waited in line for concert tickets.
o Amelia has been a patient of Dr. Gustaf's for ten years.
• sympathy (noun): sharing another person's feelings, the ability to feel for another
person's suffering
o sym + path + y
o Ching-wei expressed his deepest sympathy when hearing of Mrs. Martin's
death.
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ped
• pedestal (noun): a support for a column or other structure, a base for something
o pedest + al
o Johannes put the vase on a pedestal.
pod
• podium (noun): a platform, an area raised above the surrounding ground, a place at
which to speak in front of an audience
o pod + ium
o The professor walked up to the podium and spoke into the microphone.
pel
pend, pond
phan, fan
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
phil
phon
pict
port
pli, ply
pon, pos
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
psych
quir
rupt
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
sci
scrib, scrip
sent, sens
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
sequ
soci
sol
solv, solu
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
spec, spi
spir
stab, stat
strain, strict
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
stru, stroy
tact, tang
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
tend, tens
tain, ten
term
terr
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test
therm
tor
tract, trai
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
uni
vac
ven, vent
ver
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
verb, verv
vers, vert:
vid, vis
vit, viv
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[PREFIXES]-[SUFFIXES]-[ROOTS]-[BASES]
voc, voke
volv, vol
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