BHARATHIYAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Answer Key for Cycle Test-II
Year / Semester: II / III
Subject Code / Subject: MET32- MECHANICS OF FLUID Max.Marks: 50
Name of the Faculty: Mr.M.Thirunavukkarasu

Part-A Answer ALL questions (10x2=20)

1. Write the continuity equation.

The equation based on the principle of conservation of mass is called continuity
equation.
δu/δx + δv/δy + δw/δz = 0 ----- three dimensional flow
δu/δx + δv/δy = 0 ----- two dimensional flow
Q = a1v1 = a2v2 ----- one dimensional flow

2. Define Steady and Unsteady flow.

3. Steady flow
Fluid flow is said to be steady if at any point in the flowing fluid various characteristics
4. such as velocity, density, pressure, etc. do not change with time.
∂V/∂t = 0 ∂p/∂t = 0 ∂ρ/∂t = 0

5. Unsteady flow
Fluid flow is said to be unsteady if at any point flowing fluid any one or all
characteristics which describe the behavior of the fluid in motion change with time.
∂V/∂t ≠ 0 ∂p/∂t ≠ 0 ∂ρ/∂t ≠ 0

3. Define Uniform and Non-uniform flow.

4. Uniform flow
When the velocity of flow of fluid does not change both in direction and magnitude from
point to point in the flowing fluid for any given instant of time, the flow is said to be
5. uniform.
∂V/∂s = 0 ∂p/∂s = 0 ∂ρ/∂s = 0

6. Non-uniform flow
If the velocity of flow of fluid changes from point to point in the flowing fluid at any
7. instant, the flow is said to be non-uniform flow.
∂V/∂s ≠ 0 ∂p/∂s ≠ 0 ∂ρ/∂s ≠ 0

4. Define Rotational and Ir-rotational flow.

5. Rotational flow
Rotational flow is that type of flow in which the fluid particles while flowing along
stream lines and also rotate about their own axis.
6. Ir-rotational flow
If the fluid particles are flowing along stream lines and do not rotate about their own axis
that type of flow is called as ir-rotational flow

5. Write the Bernoulli’s equation applied between two sections with losses.
p1/ρg + v21/2g + Z1 = p2/ρg + v22/2g + Z2 + hloss

6. Define pitot – tube

It is a device used for measuring the velocity of flow of any point in a pipe or achannel.
It is devised on the principle that if the velocity of flow at a point becomes zero, the
pressure there is increased due to the conversion of the kinetic energy in to pressure energy.

7. Define navier stokes equations.

The fluid flow where force due to turbulence is negligible, the resulting equations of motion
are known as Navier- Stokes Equation.

8. What is Hagen poiseuille’s formula?

(P1-P2) / ρg = hf = 32 µŪL / ρgD2

The expression is known as Hagen poiseuille formula.
Where P1-P2 / ρg = Loss of pressure head, Ū= Average velocity,
µ = Coefficient of viscosity, D = Diameter of pipe,
L = Length of pipe

9. Define equivalent pipe and write the equation to obtain equivalent pipe diameter.
10. The single pipe replacing the compound pipe with same diameter without change
in discharge and head loss is known as equivalent pipe.
L = L 1 + L 2 + L3
(L/d5) = (L1/d15) + (L2/d25) + (L3/d35)

10. Define the terms Hydraulic gradient line

It is defined as the line which gives the sum of pressure
head and datum head of a flowing fluid in a pipe with respect the reference line.
HGL = Sum of Pressure Head and Datum head
11. A 300 mm diameter pipe carries water under a head of 20 meters with a velocity of
3.5 m/s. If the axis of the pipe turns through 45°, find the magnitude and direction of
the resultant force at the bend.
12. Three pipes of 400 mm, 200 mm and 300 mm diameters have lengths of 400 m, 200
m and 300 m respectively. They are connected in series to make a compound pipe.
The ends of this compound pipe are connected with two tanks whose difference of
water levels is 16 m. If the coefficient of friction for those pipes is same and equal to
0.005, determine the discharge through the compound pipe neglecting the minor
losses.
13. Derive an expression for Darcy-Weishbach equation for loss of head due to friction
in pipes.
14. Derive an expression for the loss of head due to sudden contraction of pipe.
15. Derive Euler’s equation of motion along a stream line for an ideal fluid starting
clearly the assumptions. Explain how this is integrated to get Bernoulli’s equation
along at stream-line.
16. The inlet and throat diameter of a horizontal venturimeter are 30 cm and 10cm
respectively. The liquid flowing through the meter is water. The pressure intensity
at inlet is 13.734 N/cm2 while the vacuum p-pressure head at the throat is 37 cm of
mercury. Find the rate of flow. Assume that 4% of the differential head is lost
between inlet and throat. Find also the value of Cd for the venturimeter.